Kunkuru mai nisa, wanda aka fi sani da Sinanci Trionix (Pelodiscus sinensis), yana cikin rukunin kunkuru na ruwa mai kyau kuma memba ne na dangin kunkuru Uku. Dabba mai rarrafe ta yadu a cikin Asiya kuma ita ce mafi shaharar kunkuru mai taushi. A wasu ƙasashen Asiya, ana amfani da irin wannan dabbar don abinci, kuma kuma sanannen sanannen kayan kiwo na masana'antu.
Bayanin Kunkuru mai nisa
Sanannen kunkuru mai laushi a yau yana da nau'i 8 na faranti masu haƙarƙarin ƙashi a cikin karapace... Ana rarrabe ƙasusuwa na karamin carapace ta ƙaramin fandare da dutsen sanannen sassaka sassaka. Hakanan an lura da kasancewar nau'ikan kauri iri bakwai na kauri a cikin plastron, wadanda suke kan hypo- da hyoplastrons, xyphiplastrons, wani lokacin kuma akan epiplastrons.
Bayyanar
Tsawon carapace na Kunkuru na Gabas ta Tsakiya, a ƙa'ida, bai wuce kwata na mita ba, amma a wasu lokuta ana samun samfuran da ke da bawo na tsawon zuwa 35-40 cm. Matsakaicin nauyin kunkuru ya girma ya kai kilo 4.4-4.5. An rufe carapace da fata mai laushi ba tare da garkuwar jaraba ba. Wanda aka kera shi cikin fasali, karapace, wanda yake nuna kwatancen kwanon soya, yana da isassun gefuna masu taushi wadanda ke taimakawa kunkuru ya binne kansa a cikin dutsen. A cikin yara, kusan kwalliyar tana zagaye, yayin da a cikin manya ya zama mai tsayi da faɗi. Tan kunkuru suna da layuka masu tsayi na keɓaɓɓiyar tubercles akan karapace, waɗanda suke haɗuwa cikin abin da ake kira ridges lokacin da suka girma, amma a cikin manya irin waɗannan ci gaban suna ɓacewa.
Hannun sama na harsashi yana da alamar launin launin toka-mai-toka ko koren-kore, wanda a kansa akwai ƙananan raƙuman rawaya manya. Filashin yana da haske rawaya ko launin ruwan hoda-fari-fatu. Matasa Trionixes an rarrabe su da kalar ruwan lemu mai haske, wanda akan sami wuraren da duhu akai-akai. Kan, wuya da gabbai suma launuka ne masu launin-kore-kore ko kore-kore-kore. Akwai ƙananan duhu da haske a saman kai, kuma layin mai duhu da kunkuntar ya faɗo daga yankin ido, zuwa baya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kwanan nan, kusa da garin Tainan, an kama kunkuru da nauyin rayuwa sama da kilogram 11 kawai tare da kwasfa mai tsayin 46 cm, wanda aka zaɓa ta wurin tafkin gonar kifi.
Akwai yatsu biyar a ƙafafun kunkuru, kuma uku daga cikinsu sun ƙare da fika masu kaifi. Dabbobi masu rarrafe an halicce su da yatsu, sanye take da ingantattun membranes na iyo. Kunkuru na Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya yana da dogon wuya, da muƙamuƙai masu ƙarfi da kaifi mai kaifi. An rufe gefuna na laɓar kunkuru ta kaifin baki da fata na fata - abin da ake kira "leɓe". Ofarshen bakin bakin ya fadada zuwa proboscis mai taushi da tsayi, a ƙarshen inda hancin hancin yake.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Kunkuruwan Gabas masu nisa, ko kuma na Trionix na kasar Sin, suna rayuwa da nau'o'in halittu daban-daban, daga yankin arewacin taiga har zuwa yanki-yanki da kuma gandun daji masu zafi a yankin kudu. A cikin yankuna masu tsaunuka, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna iya hawa zuwa tsayi na mita dubu 1.6-1.7 sama da matakin teku. Kunkuruwar Gabas ta Tsakiya mazaunin ruwa ne mai ban sha'awa, ban da manya da ƙanana koguna da tabkuna, kogin shanu, kuma hakan yana faruwa a farfajiyar shinkafa. Dabbar tana ba da fifiko ga jikin ruwa mai ɗumi-ɗumi tare da yashi ko ƙasa mai laka, tare da kasancewar tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin ruwa da bankunan masu laushi.
Trionixes na kasar Sin suna gujewa rafuka masu ƙarfi... Dabba mai rarrafe yana aiki sosai tare da fitowar alfijir da dare. A cikin yanayi mai kyau yayin rana, irin waɗannan wakilai na dangin kunkuru dangin Tricot galibi suna yin kwalliya na dogon lokaci a bakin teku, amma ba sa motsawa sama da couplean mituna daga gefen ruwa. A ranakun da suke da zafi sosai, sukan shiga cikin yashi ko sauri su shiga cikin ruwan. A farkon alamar hatsari, da dabba mai rarrafe kusan nan da nan yakan buya a cikin ruwa, inda yake binne kansa a cikin kasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kunkuru na iya yin kwalliya ta hanyar shiga cikin ruwa mara zurfin kusa da gefen ruwan. Idan ya cancanta, kunkuru zuwa zurfin zurfin, suna barin ramuka na halayya a gabar teku, waɗanda ake kira "bays".
Tan kurkuku na Gabas suna amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu a cikin ruwa. Waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ninkaya kuma suna nitso sosai kuma suna iya daɗewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Wasu daga cikin oxygen Trionix ana samunsu kai tsaye daga ruwa ta hanyar abin da ake kira numfashin pharyngeal. A cikin maƙogwaron kunkuru, akwai papillae, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da ƙididdigar fitowar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda yawancin kafan suka shiga. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, oxygen yana karɓar ruwa.
Yayinda yake karkashin ruwa, kunkuru ya bude bakinsa, wanda yake baiwa ruwa damar wanke kan villi a cikin pharynx. Ana amfani da Papillae don fitar da urea. Idan akwai ingantaccen ruwa a cikin matattarar ruwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe da ƙyar sukan buɗe bakinsu. Kunkuru na Yankin Gabas mai Nisa na iya shimfida dogon wuya zuwa nesa, saboda iska da hancin hancin ya shiga ta kan doguwar laushi mai taushi. Wannan fasalin yana taimaka wa dabbar ta kasance ba za ta iya gani ba ga masu farauta. A kan ƙasa kunkuru ke motsawa sosai, kuma musamman samfuran samari na Trionix suna motsi da sauri.
A lokacin bushewa, kananun wuraren ajiyar ruwa wadanda kunkuru ke zaune sun zama ba su da zurfi sosai, kuma gurɓataccen ruwa yana faruwa. Koyaya, dabbobi masu rarrafe baya barin mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Kama Trionics yayi halayya sosai kuma yayi kokarin haifar da cizon mai zafi. Mafi yawan mutane galibi suna haifar da mummunan rauni tare da kaifin ƙahonin hammata na muƙamuƙai. Kunkuruwar Gabas ta Tsakiya masu ƙarancin barci a ƙasan tafki, za su iya ɓoyewa a cikin dazukan ciyawar da ke kusa da gabar ko kuma su shiga cikin ramin ƙasa. Lokacin sanyi yana daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa Mayu ko Yuni.
Har yaushe Trionix ke rayuwa
Tsaran rayuwar Trionix na kasar Sin a cikin fursunoni ya kusan kwata na karni. A dabi'a, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe galibi ba su wuce shekaru ashirin ba.
Jima'i dimorphism
Jima'i na kunkuru na iya yanke hukunci kai tsaye tare da cikakkiyar daidaito a cikin mutane a lokacin da suka manyanta da shekaru biyu. Wasu alamomin waje suna bayyanar da dimorphism na jima'i. Misali, maza suna da fika, kauri, da doguwa fiye da mata.
Bugu da kari, namiji yana da plastron concave kuma yana da shahararrun ci gaban fata a cinyoyin da ake kira "femoral spurs". Lokacin nazarin ɓangaren harsashi na baya na kunkuru na Gabas ta Tsakiya, ana iya lura da wasu bambance-bambance. A cikin maza, wutsiyarsa an rufe ta da kwasfa, kuma a cikin mata, ana ganin bayin jelar a bayyane daga ƙarƙashin harsashin. Hakanan, mace baliga tana da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya ko ƙananan ciki.
Nau'in Sinanci Trionix
A baya can, Sinanci na Trionyx na jinsi ne na Trionyx, kuma kawai ana samun rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin jinsunan:
- Tr. sinensis sinensis wani yanki ne mai kewaya wanda ya bazu a wani muhimmin bangare na kewayon;
- Tr. sinensis tuberculatus iyakantaccen yanki ne da aka samo a tsakiyar China da kwarangwal na Tekun Kudancin China.
Zuwa yau, babu wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan kunkuru mai nisa. Wasu masu binciken masu rarrafe daga kasar Sin sun gano wasu masu binciken kuma sun danganta su ga jinsin halittu masu zaman kansu gaba daya:
- Pelodiscus axenaria;
- Pelodiscus parviformis.
Daga mahangar haraji, matsayin irin wadannan siffofin bai cika bayyana ba. Misali, Pelodiscus axenaria na iya zama saurayi P. sinensis. Hkunkurucin da ke zaune a Rasha, arewa maso gabashin China da Koriya a wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar su azaman siffofin P. maackii masu zaman kansu.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Masu ba da gaskiya na China sun bazu ko'ina cikin Asiya, gami da Gabashin China, Vietnam da Koriya, Japan, da tsibirin Hainan da Taiwan. A cikin ƙasarmu, yawancin nau'ikan ana samun su a kudancin yankin Gabas mai Nisa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Zuwa yau, an gabatar da wakilan jinsin kunkuru na Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa yankin kudancin Japan, tsibirin Ogasawara da Timor, Thailand, Singapore da Malaysia, tsibirin Hawaii da na Mariana.
Irin wadannan kunkuru suna zama a cikin ruwan kogunan Amur da Ussuri, da kuma manyan kwarkwatarsu da Tafkin Khanka.
Abincin kurciya na Gabas ta Tsakiya
Kunkuruwar Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya mai farauta ne. Wannan dabba mai rarrafe yana ciyar da kifi, da kuma amphibians da crustaceans, wasu kwari, tsutsotsi da molluscs. Wakilan dangin kunkuru masu sanko-da-fata uku da jinsi na kunkuru na Gabas ta Tsakiya suna jiran abin farautar su, suna cikin rairayi a cikin yashi ko sikari. Don kama wanda ke kusa da shi, Trionics na China suna amfani da hanzari na kai mai tsawo.
Ana iya kiyaye iyakar aikin ciyar da dabbobi masu rarrafe a magariba, da kuma cikin dare. A wannan lokacin ne kunkuru ba sa cikin kwanton bauna, amma suna iya farauta sosai, cikin tsanaki da nazarin yankin duk yankin farautar su.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kamar yadda yawancin kallo suka nuna, ba tare da shekarun su ba, Trionix suna cike da wadataccen abinci. Misali, a cikin fursuna, kunkuru wanda yake da tsawon harsashi na 18-20 cm a lokaci guda yana iya cin kifin uku ko huɗu daga 10-12 cm tsayi.
Hakanan, dabbobi manya suna neman abinci kai tsaye a ƙasan tafki. Kifin da dabbobi masu rarrafe ke kamawa galibi suna da girman gaske, kuma Trionix na ƙoƙari ya haɗiye wannan abincin, da farko yana cizon kansa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Kunkuruwar Gabas ta Tsakiya sun isa balagar jima'i a kusan shekara ta shida ta rayuwarsu. A cikin sassa daban-daban na zangon, ana iya samun matsala daga Maris zuwa Yuni. Lokacin saduwa, maza suna riƙe mata tare da muƙamuƙan ta wuyan fata ko ƙafafun gaba. Ana ɗaukar mahaifa kai tsaye ƙarƙashin ruwa kuma ba zai wuce minti goma ba. Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 50-65, kuma oviposition yana tashi daga Mayu zuwa Agusta.
Don kwanciya ƙwai, mata suna zaɓar wuraren bushe da ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa kusa da ruwa. Yawancin lokaci, kwanciya a kan rairayin rairayin yashi, ba sau da yawa akan tsakuwa. Don neman wurin zama mai sauƙi, Kunkuru na iya yin nesa da ruwa. A cikin ƙasa, dabbobi masu rarrafe tare da bayanta da hanzari suna fitar da rami na musamman, zurfinsa zai iya kaiwa 15-20 cm tare da diamita na ƙananan ɓangaren 8-10 cm.
Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin rami kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa... Sababbin kamun kunkuru da aka sanya galibi galibi suna cikin mafi girman ɓangaren bakin tofa, wanda ke hana zuriya daga ruwan bazara. Ana iya samun wurare tare da kamawa a kan halayyar kunkuru ko hanyar mata. A lokacin kakar kiwo daya, mace na yin kama biyu ko uku, kuma yawan kwayayen guda 18-75 ne. Girman kama kai tsaye ya dogara da girman mace. Eggswai masu faɗi suna da fari tare da launin shuɗi, amma suna iya zama rawaya, 18-20 mm a diamita kuma nauyi zuwa 4-5 g.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗauka wata ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu, amma idan zafin jiki ya hau zuwa 32-33 ° C, lokacin haɓaka zai ragu zuwa wata daya. Sabanin sauran nau'ikan kunkuru, yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe uku suna da cikakkiyar rashin ƙudurin jima'i mai dogaro da yanayin zafin jiki.
Hakanan babu jima'i chromosomes heteromorphic. A watan Agusta ko Satumba, samammen kunkuru suna bayyana daga ƙwai, nan da nan suna gudu zuwa ruwa... An rufe nisan mita ashirin a cikin mintuna 40-45, bayan haka kunkuru suna shiga cikin ƙasan ko ɓoye ƙarƙashin duwatsu.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na kunkuru na Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya tsuntsaye ne masu farauta iri daban-daban, haka kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa suna hawan gida-gida. A cikin Yankin Gabas mai nisa, waɗannan sun haɗa da hankakan baki da manya, diloli, karnukan beraye, badgers da dawa. A lokuta daban-daban, masu farauta na iya halakar da 100% na kama kunkuru.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A wani muhimmin bangare na kewayonsa, Kunkuru mai Nesa wani nau'in jinsi ne na gama gari, amma a cikin Rasha tsuntsaye ne masu rarrafe - jinsin da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, wadanda yawan su ke raguwa cikin sauri. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, farautar manya da tarin kwai don amfani da su na taimakawa wajen raguwar adadi. Babban lalacewa yana haifar da ambaliyar rani da jinkirin haifuwa. A halin yanzu an lakafta kunkuru mai nisa a cikin Littafin Ja, kuma kiyaye nau'ikan na bukatar kirkirar wuraren kariya da kuma kare wuraren kwana.
