Peccary (Tayassuidae) dangi ne wanda ke wakiltar nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa na artiodactyl wadanda a baya ake magana game da dangin Alade. An fassara kalmar "masu yin burodi" a matsayin "dabba mai iya yin hanyoyi a cikin gandun daji."
Bayanin masu waina
Masu yin burodi ƙananan dabbobi ne masu tsayin jiki a cikin mita kuma tsayinsu a bushe bai fi 55-57 cm ba... Matsakaicin nauyin dabba babba shine kilogiram 28-30. Duk masu yin burodin suna da sifa, mai ɗan nauyi a kan gajeren wuya. Dabbar tana da madaidaiciyar martaba da doguwar hanci, kanana idanu da kunnuwa masu kyau. Legsafafun mai yin burodin siriri ne kuma gajere.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A Amurka, mai gidan biredin ya sami laƙabin "alade mai musky", wanda ya faru ne saboda takamammen ƙamshin ƙanshin sirrin da wani gland na musamman wanda ke ƙasan baya, kusa da wutsiya.
Ginin yana da nauyi, tare da gajeren gajeren wutsiya da kuma baya mai ɗan faɗuwawa. Jikin mai yin burodin an lullubeshi da cikakkun muryoyi masu kauri, wanda ya fi tsayi a ƙeƙasassun da baya, saboda haka, suna kama da wani irin motsi. A matakin motsawa, ana iya ɗaga irin wannan ƙwanƙwasa, wanda ke fallasa glandar, yana fesa wani sirri mai ci gaba da "ƙamshi".
Bayyanar
Masu yin burodi suna da manyan bambance-bambance da yawa daga aladu, wanda hakan ke ba su damar zama dabbobi masu ƙyallen kafa:
- raba ciki zuwa sassa uku tare da makaunbun jakar tsiran alade;
- kasancewar yatsu uku akan kafafun baya;
- canines masu kusurwa uku masu lankwasa zuwa ƙasa;
- kasancewar hakora 38;
- nau'i biyu na mammary gland.
Amfani da sirri na musamman irin na miski, manyan masu yin burodi suna alama a yankunansu ta hanyar yayyafa ruwa mai ƙamshi mai ƙarfi akan bishiyoyi, ciyawa ko duwatsu.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Dabbobi masu shayarwa marasa tsari wadanda suka zauna a wani babban yanki sun saba da wuraren zama daban-daban, suna jin daɗin daidai ba kawai a cikin dazukan ruwan sama ba, har ma a yankunan hamada. Galibi ana samun masu yin burodi da gemu a gandun daji, kuma ana amfani da manyan dutse ko kogon dutsen farar ƙasa irin waɗannan dabbobin a matsayin mafaka daga abokan gaba.
Yana da wuya a kira masu yin burodi a zaune. Dabba mai shayarwa don neman sabon wurin abinci yana da ikon yin ƙaura daga wannan yankin zuwa wancan. A ƙa'ida, masu yin burodi suna zama a wuri ɗaya na yini. Artiodactyls suna rayuwa cikin garken dabbobi, wanda yawan su galibi mutane dari biyu ne. Shugabar irin wannan babbar al'umma ita ce mafi tsufa kuma mafi ƙwarewar shugabar mata.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masu yin burodi suna aiki galibi a cikin duhu, amma da rana irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa galibi suna farke, suna hutawa a kan gadajensu.
Saboda tarin mutane a cikin garken, dabbobi suna iya samun nasarar kare ba kawai kansu ba, har ma da zuriyarsu daga makiya... Idan dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda ke ba da haske ga halittun dabbobi wadanda ba ruwansu ba, to duk manya daga cikin garken, a matsayinsu na masu tsari, za su hau layi mai karfi na kariya. Ba tare da la’akari da shekarunsu ba, masu yin burodin suna son yin wanka a laka ko ƙura, amma koyaushe suna yin bahaya ne kawai a wuraren da aka keɓance musamman.
Da yawa masu yin burodi suna rayuwa
Duk da yawan mace-macen masu yin burodi a yanayi, tsawon rayuwar irin wannan dabbar a fursuna yakan kai shekaru 22-24.
Jima'i dimorphism
Maza da mata na nau'in dabbobi da yawa sun sha bamban sosai a kamannin su ko fasalin tsarin su, amma masu yin burodin ba sa cikin wannan rukunin. Wani fasali na masu yin burodi shine rashin alamun alamun lalata jima'i. Koyaya, “aladun” kansu hanyoyi ne na banbanta juna ta hanyar jinsi.
Nau'in burodi
A yau, nau'ikan masu yin burodi guda huɗu kawai suna wanzuwa kuma ana karatun su sosai:
- Hadin gwiwar masu yin burodi (Pecari tajacu) ƙanana ne kuma dabbobi masu motsi sosai. Babban fasalin su shine kasancewar launin rawaya mai launin rawaya mai saukowa daga yankin scapular zuwa ƙananan ɓangaren kai;
- Farin-leda ko masu gasa fararen gemu (Tayassu pecari) Sun fi dabbobi masu ƙarfi ƙarfi da ƙarfi, sun fi son zama a wuraren da ke kusa da ruwa. Babban fasalin su shine babban farin tabo wanda yake a ƙasan ɓangaren kai;
- Chak masu yin burodi (Catagonus wagneri) an gano a cikin 1975. Dabbar tana rayuwa ne a cikin daji da kuma busassun wurare. Specificayyadadden fasalin ya fi gabobin hannu, mai masaukin baki da kunnuwa, wanda irin wannan dabbar ta sami laƙabin "alade na jaki";
- Manyan masu toya (Pecari maximus) an gano su a Brazil a cikin 2007. Wannan jinsin ya banbanta da kowane daga danginsa a launinsa na musamman da girma. Manyan masu yin burodi suna jagorancin rayuwar iyali, suna fifita wurare masu zafi, dazukan daji.
An sake gano wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan masu yin burodi na daji, wadanda ake zaton sun bace, a karnin da ya gabata, tare da ci gaban ƙasashe masu zafi da savannahs.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masu yin burodi dabbobi ne na jama'a, kuma ana tallafawa sadarwa ta hanyar sautuna iri-iri, gami da gurnani.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Adadin yankin da ke na garke ɗaya na iya bambanta daga kadada 6-7 zuwa hekta 1,250. Yankin dabba yana da alama tare da taimakon najasa, da kuma ɓoyewa daga glandon ƙugu. Masu yin burodin da aka haɗu sune kawai nau'in da aka samo a cikin Amurka inda mutane biyar zuwa goma sha biyar ke kafa garken garken dabbobi.
Yankin mazaunin garken masu gasa fari da gemu a arewacin kewayon har zuwa kudancin Mexico shine kilomita 60-2002... Yawancin garken wannan nau'in galibi ana samun wakilcin ɗaruruwan ko sama da kawuna. Masu gasa fari da gemu na iya tsayawa a wani yanki na wasu kwanaki, bayan haka ana neman abinci a wani yankin. Wannan nau'in yakan ciyar da abincin asalin dabbobi.
Abincin burodi
Tsarin herbivores an rarrabe shi ta tsarin hadadden ciki, wanda ke tabbatar da cikakken narkewar nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci... A yankunan kudanci, masu yin burodi suna cin abinci iri-iri, waɗanda tushensu, da fitila, da goro da namomin kaza ke wakilta.
Wasu lokuta irin wadannan dabbobin suna iya cin mushe da kwai, kwaɗi da ƙananan macizai. A cikin arewacin zangon, kwararan fitila da saiwoyi, goro da wake, 'ya'yan itace iri daban-daban, ciyawar ciyayi da cacti, tsutsotsi da kwari galibi sune tushen abincin irin wannan dabbar.
A yankuna masu bushewa na zama, abinci ga irin waɗannan dabbobin ba su da ciyayi, saboda haka ana amfani da nau'ikan cacti iri-iri don abinci, waɗanda cikin ɗaki biyu ke sarrafa su cikin sauƙi kuma cikin sauri. Manya masu yin burodi suna amfani da dindindin bakinsu don mirgine cactus da aka cire a farfajiyar ƙasa, wanda ke cire ƙaya daga ciki.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Masu gasa fari da gemu suna iya haihuwar zuriya a duk shekara, amma ƙwanƙolin lokacin kiwo yafi yawa a lokacin bazara da kaka. Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 156-162, bayan haka ana haihuwar 'ya'ya daya zuwa hudu. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan haihuwa, jarirai suna iya yin tafiya da kansu kuma suna bin mahaifiyarsu. Lokacin kiwo yana hade da yalwar abinci da hazo.
Masu yin burodi na kola ba su da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, don haka ana iya haifa jarirai duk shekara. Canjin yanayi yana shafar yanayin yanayi da kasancewar ruwan sama. Babban namiji mafi yawanci yakan aura tare da duk matan da ke cikin garken.
Yana da ban sha'awa! cewa masu gasa fari da gemu suna iya hayayyafa irin ta gauraya tare da masu yin abin wuya.
Gestation yana dauke da kimanin kwanaki 141-151, kuma daga yara zuwa ɗaya zuwa uku ana haifuwarsu a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Mace na tsawon watanni uku tana shayar da jariran da madara. Maza sun isa balaga a cikin watanni goma sha ɗaya, kuma mata suna girma cikin jima'i a watanni 8-14.
Makiya na halitta
Mafi munin abokan hamayyar masu yin burodi a cikin mazauninsu sune jaguars da cougars, da mutane... Mutane suna farautar irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa marasa nama don manufar samun nama da fata. Matasa masu yin burodi suna kai hari ta coyotes da jan lynx. Uwa tana kare 'ya'yanta sosai kuma tana cizon abokan gaba da haƙoranta. Fushin mai biredin ko firgita yana fitar da halayyar sa ta haushi da haushi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Masu yin burodin Chak (Catagonus wagneri) a halin yanzu suna cikin Lissafi na Duniya, kuma lambar su a yanzu ba ta da yawa.
