Neman amsa ga tambayar "me kerkeci ke ci" yana haifar da yanke hukunci cewa suna komai. Sun ce dabbobin da ke yunwa da yunwa ta kai su ga kawo hari har ma suna ɗaukar hoto suna ɓoye a cikin rami.
Fasali na abincin kerkeci
Kerkeci, kamar kowane canines, mai cin nama ne, amma, kodayake ana ɗaukarsa sanannen mai farauta, lokaci zuwa lokaci yana haɗuwa da masu satar abubuwa.
Abincin abinci
Babban abincin kyarkeci shine rashin kulawa, wanda wadatar sa da yalwar sa ke tantance yawan adadin kerkeci.... Har ila yau, salon rayuwarsa ya dace da takamaiman rayuwar masu unguwa a wani yanki.
Kerkeci, ban da ungulate, suna farautar irin waɗannan dabbobi kamar:
- hares, Foxes, marmot, badger, ferrets da sauransu;
- raccoon da karnukan gida;
- beraye, gami da ƙwayoyin cuta, voles, squirrels, da hamsters;
- tsuntsayen tsuntsayen ruwa, mafi yawan lokuta a lokacin zafinsu;
- tsuntsayen kaza, musamman dabbobi dabbobi da kama;
- geese (na gida da na daji);
- macizai, kadangaru, kwadi da toads (ba safai).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wasu lokuta masu farauta suna canzawa zuwa abinci mai ban mamaki - a cikin matattarar Kizlyar (lokacin da aka fara ɓarke da fara a can), ana samun kerkecin kerkeci, wanda ya ƙunshi gaba ɗaya ragowarsa.
Cin naman mutane
Cin nau'ikan kansu ba sabon abu bane a cikin kerkeci, wanda membobinsa ba tare da jinkiri ba suke raba abokin rauni ko rauni a cikin damuna mai tsananin gaske. Masu farautar yunwa galibi suna kashe masu rauni lokacin da zasu yi yaƙi don abinci. Masu fafatawa da suka sami raunuka na jini a cikin yaƙin mace ana yawan raba su.
Wolves suna karɓar halin cin naman mutane tare da madarar uwarsu. A ɗaya daga cikin gidan namun dajin, manyan san kerkeci sun yayyaga kuma sun cinye wan kerkeci mai rauni lokacin da aka canza su daga abincin nama zuwa abincin madara-kayan lambu. Wolves ba kawai suna kashe da cin dabbobin da suka ji rauni ba, amma kuma ba sa raina gawawwakin danginsu. A lokacin yunwa, dabbobi da yardar rai suna amfani da wasu gawar, suna neman mayanka, wuraren binne shanu, tarin filaye ko kuma farautar farauta. A lokacin sanyi, hanyar fakitin kerkeci yakan bi ta wurin da ake watsar da rubabbun gawawwaki.
Farauta, ganima
Kerkeci yana farauta da yamma, yana kammala shi da safe. Idan farautar ta ci nasara, kerkeci sun yi barci ko ci gaba da bin bayan mummunan dare.
Huntan farauta
Don neman ganima, kerkeci suna tafiya har zuwa kilomita 50 (har ma da dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi). Suna bin sawu bayan sawu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba za a iya ƙididdige yawan masu lalata a cikin garken ba. Matsayin mai mulkin, ba su fi 15 daga cikinsu ba - an ɗauki dabbobin matasa daga ƙananan 2 na ƙarshe don farauta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Zuciya, hanta da huhu ana ɗaukarsu abinci ne na marmari, shi ya sa koyaushe suke zuwa ga mazan da suka fi ƙarfi, shugaba, wanda ke ɗaukar matsayin "mai bugun jini" a kan farauta.
Bayan sun hango garken, sai kerkeci suka fara binsu har sai dayan dawa ya fara yin baya. Bayan sun shawo kan abin da aka nufa da su, sai masu farauta suka kewaye ta: wasu - a gaba, na biyu - daga baya, na uku - daga bangarorin. Bayan sun tumɓuke da barewar daga ƙafafunsu, garken yana ta cinkoson jama'a, yana azabtar da wanda aka azabtar har zuwa numfashinsa na ƙarshe. Manya da ƙoshin lafiya suna yawan tsayayya da kerkeci, ɗayansu yakan mutu cikin faɗa. Sauran dabbobin da suka rage suna wulakanta wulakanci.
Nawa kerkeci yake ci
Dabbar ta san yadda za a yi yunwa tsawon makonni 2, amma tana ci a ajiye, bayan kamawa wasa... Amma koda kerkeci mai yunwa ba zai iya hadiye kilo 25 na nama ba, kamar yadda wasu kafofin ke danganta shi. A cikin ciki na kerkeci, an sami kilogiram na 1.5-2 na abinci, tun da ba ya ɗaukar fiye da kilogiram 3 a lokaci guda, kuma abin da aka ci fiye da wannan na sake sauƙaƙewa. Shaidun gani da ido sun ba da labarin yadda masu farauta 7-10 suka cinye doki a cikin dare, kuma kerkeci a Turkmenistan shi kadai ya kashe wani saurayi argali mai nauyin kilo 10. Amma wadannan alkaluman ba su magana game da adadin abincin da za a ci sau daya, saboda wani bangare na gawar an boye an tafi da shi. Kari kan haka, masu shara kamar diloli, kuraye da ungulu suna son cin dabbobin da kerkeci suka kashe.
Yanayi
Abincin kerkeci ya bambanta (kuma yana da mahimmanci) dangane da yanayi. Canje-canje a cikin abubuwan fifiko na abinci suna bayyana a cikin salon rayuwar kerkeci - wanzuwar zama cikin yanayi mai dumi ana maye gurbinsa da na makiyaya a lokacin sanyi.
Abincin bazara
Tsarin kerkeci na lokacin rani shine mafi yawan sha'awa da kuma tushen bitamin, saboda yana dogara ne akan yawancin tsire-tsire / abincin dabbobi, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan ta da yawan adadi. A lokacin bazara, latesan'adam sukan yi fage a bayan fage, suna ba da matsakaita da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Bugu da kari, a lokacin bazara, furotin na dabba a cikin abincin kerkeci an kara shi da kayan shuka:
- lily na kwari da rowan berries;
- blueberries da lingonberries;
- Nishaɗi da shuɗi mai shuɗi;
- apples and pears;
- wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa (a yankunan kudanci).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wolves na duba kankana, inda suke ɗanɗana kankana da kankana, amma galibi ba sa cin su sosai kamar lalata su, wanda ke haifar da lahani ga kankana. A cikin Ural steppes, masu farauta suna tauna ciyawar reed mai daɗi, kuma ba sa ƙin hatsi iri-iri.
A kudanci, a shekarar da aka kara yawan girbin cherries, ana samun kasusuwa a cikin kashin kerkeci.
Lokacin kaka-hunturu
A karshen bazara da farkon kaka, kerkeci na ci gaba da farautar dabbobin daji, bin sawun dabbobin kiwo, haƙa bukkoki / burrows na muskrat, farautar ƙananan dabbobi (gami da kurege), da kama tsuntsayen ruwa a gefen bankunan jikin ruwa. Abin lura ya wadata kayan abinci da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta farko ta faɗi. A wannan lokacin, kerkeci sun kusan canzawa zuwa matattara, gami da muz.
A lokacin sanyi, dabbobi suna yawo a kan hanyoyin da suka ratse kuma ba tare da son su sun bi gefen hanyar ba, suna ganin jirgin ƙasa ko mara nauyi... A cikin tsananin sanyi, kerkeci sun daina jin tsoronsu, suna zuwa mazaunin ɗan adam. Anan suna rarrafe cikin sito don kiwon dabbobi, suna farautar karnukan masu gadi kuma suna neman gawa, suna raba wuraren da ake binne shanu.
Abincin bazara
Hannun bony na yunwa an fi jin shi ya kama kerkeci a maƙogwaronsa a farkon bazara, lokacin da masu farauta suka koma cikin maƙiyan maƙiyan masu kiwon dabbobi, musamman waɗanda gonakinsu ke cikin tarko. Yayinda bazara ke gabatowa, adadin dabbobin cikin abincin kerkeci yana girma a bayyane, yana kaiwa kololuwa a saman bazara, lokacin da whenan kerkeci masu yunwa da suka taɓa samun ƙarfi a cikin fakitin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Tare da farawar dumi, masu farautar da ke rayuwa a cikin tudu, hamada da tundra sun fara lalata marainiyar ciki - saigas, barewa, barewa da barewa. Kuma a lokacin da zuriyarsu suka bayyana, kerkeci sun taru a wuraren da ake haihuwar, inda ake yanka dabbobi da manya.
Bayan dusar ƙanƙara da farkon ruttuwa a cikin mafi yawan dabbobi (Afrilu - Mayu), kerkeci sun sake dawowa daga ungulaye zuwa ƙananan / matsakaitan kashin baya.
Abinci dangane da yankin
Abincin mafarauta shima yana ƙaddara yankin yankin. Wolves da ke zaune a cikin tundra suna farautar daji / barewar gida a cikin hunturu, tare da girmamawa ga maruƙa da maruƙa. A kan hanya, ana yanka ƙananan dabbobi, alal misali, dawakai da kurege na polar. Kerkeken da ke yawo a bakin teku a cikin Nenets Autonomous Okrug fashi farautar tarko da tarko, suna dibar gawarwakin dabbobi masu shayarwa da iska, kifaye da sharar kasuwanci.
A cikin dazuzzukan Tatarstan, kerkeci galibi suna farautar dabbobi masu shayarwa a damuna mai dusar ƙanƙara - dabbobin dabbobi / gawar (68%), hares (21%) da ƙananan murji (24%). Babban abincin abinci ga masu farautar da ke rayuwa a gandun dajin baƙuwar ƙasa sune dabbobin gida, ƙananan beraye da kurege.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yawan kerkeci na Steppe a kudancin Rasha sun ƙware a cikin linzamin linzamin kwamfuta (35%), gawa (17%), da 'yan maruƙa, karnuka, awaki, tumaki da aladu (16%).
A cikin ciki na kyarketai na Caucasian, ban da abincin dabbobi, an sami hatsin masara, kuma a cikin Ukrainian (kusa da Kiev) - har ma da namomin kaza. A lokacin bazara, a yankunan arewacin Kazakhstan, kerk wci da yawa sun wargaza:
- kurege;
- rodananan rodents (ƙarin voles na ruwa);
- matasa ptarmigan da baƙar fata;
- yara da duwatsu masu narkewa;
- barewa da tumaki (ba safai ba).
Kyarketai da suka zauna a hamadar Betpak-Dala suna yawanci saigas, barewa da kurege, ba tare da manta kunkuru, jerboas, gerbils da kwari ba.
Abincin kwikwiyo
Kubiyoni masu nauyin 300-500 g, an rufe su da laushi mai laushi mai launin toka, an haife su makafi kuma tare da magudanar kunnen da aka rufe, suna dawo da ganinsu a cikin kwanaki 9-12. Hakoransu na madara sun ɓarke tsakanin makonni na biyu da na huɗu, kuma puan kwikwiyo masu makonni 3 suka fita daga ramin da kansu. A daidai wannan shekarun, sun kasance su kaɗai yayin da dattawa ke farauta, kuma zuwa watanni 1.5 za su iya watsawa da ɓoye cikin haɗari.
Kerkeci tana ciyar da brood da madara har zuwa watanni 1.5, kuma ita da kanta tana cin abin da namiji ya kawo: wasan da aka kama ko bel a cikin nama narkar da rabin nama. Kubiyoci, waɗanda suka kai makonni 3-4, suna cin belin da kansu, suna barin uwa da gutsure-tsintsa.
Mahimmanci! Masana ilmin namun daji sun ba da shawarar cewa ciyar da 'ya'yan kwikwiyo ta hanyar belinsa (rabin abin narkewar kasusuwa) yana faruwa ne saboda karancin enzymes masu narkewa da ake kira peptidases. An lura cewa yara masu shayar da kwalba waɗanda ba su sami belching ba a bayyane suke a baya cikin ci gaba da haɓaka, sannan kuma sun sha wahala daga rickets.
Matasa a cikin watanni 3-4 ba sa buƙatar belin, kuma suna fara ciyar da ƙananan dabbobi, waɗanda iyayensu ke jan su cikin kogon. Kerkeci masu shayarwa suna da rauni sosai a lokacin bazara, yayin da iesyayan kwikwiyo ke samun nauyi da sauri, musamman ma a farkon watanni 4 na rayuwa. A wannan lokacin, yawan su yana ƙaruwa kusan sau 30 (daga 0.35-0.45 zuwa Kilogiram 14-15). Matsakaicin kerkuku yakai kilo 16-17 daga watanni 6.
Bayan yaran sun fi karfi, manya suna koya musu kamawa da kashe farauta, suna kawo shi ramin da rai, duk da cewa suna da danshi. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, cikakkun maza sun riga sun jagoranci dabbobin dabba zuwa dabbobin da aka yanka, amma ƙarin horo mai ƙarfi zai fara daga baya. A watan Agusta, kyarketai masu kerkeci suna kokarin kama beraye da sauran abubuwa marasa ma'ana, kuma a watan Satumba sun zama cikakkun mahalarta a cikin farautar ungulaye.
