Wani mazaunin ƙasan tsaunuka, tan Brandt, ba sananne bane a tsakanin masoya kayan kwalliyar kwalliya kuma yana da matukar wahala a cikin tarin gida.
Bayanin hamt na Brandt
Mesocricetus brandti yana da suna na biyu - hamca na Transcaucasian, kuma bashi da takamaiman sunansa ga masanin kimiyyar dabbobin nan na Jamus Johann Brandt. Theararrawa tana wakiltar ɗayan Manƙanin hamsters da dangi / dangin hamsters.
Bayyanar
Babban hamster ne wanda yayi girma har zuwa 18 cm kuma yana da nauyin 300 g... Abubuwan sanannen jinsin suna da tsayi (har zuwa ƙafa 2.6 cm) ƙafa kuma mafi girma, wutsiya 3 cm, wanda, amma, kusan ba a iya ganuwa saboda fur. Hamster na Brandt yana da gajeriyar jiki da kai mai kamannin kwai da kunnuwa zagaye. A kusa da kai kuma tare da wuya akwai ratsi mai fari iri biyu, wanda ya samo asali kusa da bakin kuma ya gama kusa da kunnuwan. Yankunan gefen kai masu launi ne masu launin ja-ja, raƙuka masu launin baƙi suna sauka daga kunnuwa, ƙyalli galibi fari ne.
Hamster na Transcaucasian (kamar yawancin hamster) yana da alamun kunci. Haske haske suna bayyane akan kuncin. A kan kirjin bera, tsakanin tsatsan gaban goshin, akwai alamar baki da ke karawa a kan kafadun. Jawo mai laushi da taushi, mai taɓarɓarewa zuwa hunturu, ana rarrabe shi da ƙaruwa mai yawa a yankin wutsiya. Bayan baya na sandar sandar launin ruwan kasa ne ko kasa-kasa, cikin ciki fari ne, launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa-mai-toka. Theafafu galibi farare ne, soles ba shi da gashi.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Burrows sun haɗu a cikin yankuna, wanda ba ya hana ƙauyukan Brandt kasancewa masu ban sha'awa: a waje da lokacin saduwa, maza da mata suna rayuwa daban. A cikin ƙungiyar hamsters koyaushe akwai jagora, wanda yawancin mata yakan ɗauki matsayinsa. Abubuwan mallakar Hamster, duk da manyan yankuna, an shimfida su a kan juna, wanda shine dalilin da yasa maƙwabta suke barin ramukarsu tsawan-awa, suna ƙoƙarin kada su haɗu. Don haka, daga ƙananan beraye 25-30 da ke rayuwa a kusa, ba fiye da uku ba a lokaci guda ana binciken su. Yankin sirri yana da alamar sirri daga glandon da ke saman cinyar.
An haka ramuka a kan tuddai, tuddai da tuddai. Moreasa mai sauƙin sassauƙa, zurfin kuma mafi wahalar motsawa: a cikin ƙasa mai laushi har zuwa mita 10 tsayi kuma 2 cikin zurfin. Burrows din suna sanye da dakin kwanciya, rumfar ajiya da kuma bandaki. A bayan gida ya toshe da ƙasa, kuma hamsters dole ne su gina sabo. Hamster na Brandt yana da matukar damuwa da jinkiri, amma yana neman wuraren da suka dace da zama, yana iya yin dogon miƙa mulki... Da wuya ya tsere tare da barazanar waje. Lokacin kokarin fitar da shi daga cikin ramin, hamster yana gunaguni tare da rashin jin daɗi, tsalle daga cikin mafaka kuma yana ƙoƙari ya ciji mai laifin, ya buge cizon da sauri.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani ɗan sanda da aka kama akan farfajiyar ya fito da hanzari, ya cika kujerun kunci, ya kaifafa hakora kuma da sauri ya buɗe ƙafafun sa na gaba, yana ƙoƙari ya kama abokan gaba tare da farcensa (karce ko ja don cizo)
Zuwa lokacin hunturu, hamsters na Transcaucasian sun shiga cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali, wanda tsawan yankin zai iya tantance tsawon lokacinsa. Hawan ciki yana farawa ne da sanyin farko na rana, shi ya sa ake faɗaɗa aikin daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. Barci a cikin hamt na hamt yana da tsaiko - yana farkawa tare da kowane narkewar hunturu. Fitowa daga rashin nutsuwa yana da tsayi kamar shigowa, kuma a al'adance yana sauka ne a ƙarshen Fabrairu - Afrilu.
Shekaru nawa ne hamt na rayuwa?
Wakilan jinsunan suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 2, suna ninka sau 2-3 a shekara. Matan da aka haifa a cikin bazara sun isa haihuwa daga kaka, suna kawo zuriya (4 zuwa 20 hamsters).
Aringauka yana ɗaukar kwanaki 16-17, yana ƙarewa a bayyanar makafin hamsters, wanda baya hana su nitsar da koren abinci ba da jimawa ba. Yaran yara, tare da ƙananan maza da mata masu rinjaye, sun sami independenceancin kai da kimanin kwanaki 50 kuma sun ɗan zauna tare na wani lokaci. Da kwana 70 da haihuwa, al'umma ta watse.
Jima'i dimorphism
Swusassun kumburi irin na almond (gwaji) a cikin kwayar halittar, wanda ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 35-40, zai ba da labarin jima'i na hamster na Transcaucasian. Gaskiya ne, suna da wuyar rarrabewa a tsakanin samari, da kuma waɗanda ke fama da cutar cryptorchidism.
Mahimmanci! Jima'i ya fi sauƙi don tantancewa ta wurin mafitsara da dubura: a cikin mace, dubura tana kusa da farji, yayin da a cikin namiji, ramuka biyu sun rabu da wurin da gashi yake girma. Idan aka sami rami guda ɗaya, wannan mace ce.
Bugu da kari, cikin namiji an rufe shi baki daya da ulu kuma an kawata shi a cikin cibiya tare da tambari mai launin rawaya, yayin da ciki na mata ba shi da irin wannan tambarin, amma an yi masa kwalliya da layuka 2 na nonuwan.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Hamster na Transcaucasian, kamar yadda sunan yake, galibi yana zaune a tsaunuka / ƙasan tsaunuka na Transcaucasus (Armenia da South Georgia), Dagestan, da kuma Yammacin Asiya. Beraye sun zama ruwan dare a Gabashin Ciscaucasia, Lebanon, Isra’ila da Turkiyya.
Gidan mazaunin Brandt's hamster ya rufe shimfidar tudu da shimfidar shimfidar dutse, wanda yake a tsawan kilomita 0.3-3 sama da matakin teku. Tare da stepes (dutse da dutsen ƙasa), dansandan ya zaɓi hatsi-dann / ciyawa-wormwood biotopes, yana gujewa wuce gona da iri ko yankuna masu ruwa. Sau da yawa yana cike filayen hatsi. Gabaɗaya, dabbobi sun fi son shimfidawa ko wurare kaɗan waɗanda akwai ƙasa mai kauri.
Tsayawa hamt na Brandt
Jinsin suna haƙuri da kamuwa da kyau. Hamananan hamsters na iya yin amfani da hannayensu cikin sauƙi, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da manya ba. Na karshen, sau ɗaya a cikin keji daga yanayi, galibi ba sa iya haifuwa, sabili da haka, don kiwo, kuna buƙatar samari. Bayan ya saba da mai shi, hamster na Transcaucasian ya shawo kan halayen tsoro na ƙananan beraye kuma tare da son sani ya saba da sabon gidan.
Cage cike
Tunda hamt din Brandt babbar halitta ce, kuma yana buƙatar keɓaɓɓen keji (ba ƙasa da 40 * 60 cm) tare da sanduna a kwance ba, tazarar da ke tsakanin 5-6 mm.
Don yin sando kamar zama a cikin keji, wadata shi da halaye masu zuwa:
- feeder (wanda aka yi da gilashi mai kauri ko yumbu);
- gida (yawanci filastik);
- mai shayarwa (kan nono);
- dabaran da ke da danshi mai kauri;
- rami;
- kayan wasa (ana iya amfani da kwali);
- dutse mai ma'adinai;
- bangon bayan gida tare da filler.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin zabar girman gidan, ka tuna cewa hamster, koda tare da kumatun kunci, yakamata ya shiga ciki. An cire rufin gidan, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, amma ba ya tashi daga taɓawa mai haɗari.
Gudun tafiya a cikin keken / a kan tsani yana cetar dabbar gidan daga rashin aiki da kiba: hamster yana gudu zuwa kilomita 10 a dare. An sanya tire a cikin wani lungu, ana koyar da rodent yawo can tun yarinta. A cikin keji, baza ku iya yin ba tare da pallet ba - zurfin akwatin, ƙananan tarkace a waje da keji. Ana sanya askin itace a ƙasan.
Abinci, tsarin ciyarwa
A cikin daji, hamt na hamt ya fi son tsire-tsire na daji da hatsin da aka noma, ya narke su a wasu lokuta tare da invertebrates da kwari. Lokaci-lokaci yana farautar ƙananan beraye - fili da ɓerayen gida. A cikin bauta, shi ma baya ƙin nama.
Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a gida, ana ba da hamster busasshen abinci busasshe da samfuran masu zuwa:
- hatsi, gero da alkama;
- apples, pears;
- karas, kokwamba da beets;
- seleri da masara;
- farin kabeji, zucchini, kabewa;
- inabi, raspberries / strawberries;
- kwayoyi da tsaba (rare).
Mahimmanci! Farin kabeji, 'ya'yan itacen citrus, albasa da tafarnuwa an cire su daga abincin, amma ana sanya tsire-tsire masu katako a cikin kejin (an tafasa shi cikin ruwa na kimanin minti 20).
Sau biyu zuwa sau uku a mako, hamster yana kwantar da ɗayan masu zuwa:
- dafa nono kaza (babu kayan yaji / gishiri);
- kayayyakin lactic acid (mai mai ya zuwa 1%);
- dafaffen kwai fari;
- kifi mara kyau (maras ƙashi) na nau'ikan ƙananan mai;
- tafasasshen jatan lande ko nama (da wuya);
- abincin kwari da gammarus.
Babban hamster yana cin cokali 2-3 na abinci kowace rana. Wannan adadi ne na yau da kullun saboda rodent baya jin yunwa, aƙalla har zuwa wayewar gari.
Cutar cututtuka
Hamtster na hamt yana da saukin kamuwa ba ga nau'ikan halittu ba game da cututtukan cututtukan da ake samu a cikin dukkan hamsters na gida. Mafi yawan cututtuka:
- Cututtukan da ke kamuwa da mafitsara / kodar - beran baya jin daɗi, yana da ƙishi a kai a kai kuma yawanci yakan yi fitsari (wani lokaci da ciwo da jini);
- kiba - cutar tana cike da sakamako, saboda tana shafar aikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. An cire hatsi mai yawan calorie mai yawa daga abincin, ana maye gurbinsu da ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari;
- sanyi - hypothermia ko kamuwa da cuta ya zama dalilin (sau da yawa daga maigidan mara lafiya);
- gudawa - ya bayyana saboda yawan cin kayan lambu ko tare da kaifin canjin abinci;
- Maƙarƙashiya - tana faruwa ne saboda rashin ruwa ko cin busasshen abinci. Tare da maƙarƙashiya, ƙwanƙolin rodent, da kuma yawan zubewa a cikin keji yana raguwa;
- karaya - hamsters sukan cutar da gaɓoɓi da wutsiya, suna faɗuwa daga tsayi ko kuma rashin nasara a cikin motar. Dabbobin gida sun iyakance cikin motsi, kuma madara, burodi mai taushi da kek na karnuka an ƙara su a cikin menu.
Kulawa, tsafta
An sanya bayan gida a cikin keji yadda ya ga dama, amma dole ne a sanye shi da wanka mai yashi, wanda dole ne a siya a shagon dabbobi (a matsayinka na doka, wannan yashi ne ga chinchillas). Tirin ya zama filastik, yumbu ko gilashi. Sterswararru na Brandt, kamar sauran maƙarƙashiya, ba a yin wanka (suna kama sanyi, suna rashin lafiya har ma suna mutuwa daga wannan). Wankewa daga datti da cututtukan waje suna faruwa tare da taimakon yashi.
Sau ɗaya a mako, yakamata a tsabtace kejin hamster ta amfani da jami'ai masu laushi (mara sa guba), kamar soda soda, lokacin wanka. Yana da al'ada don shirya tsabtace gaba ɗaya kowane watanni shida. Duk wani tsaftacewa ya ƙare tare da dawowar handfulan "tsohon" mai cika fil a cikin keji tare da ƙamshin ƙamshi na asali - wannan ya zama dole don natsuwa na dabbar gidan.
