Gwanin mai hangen nesa (Tremarctos ornatus), wanda kuma aka fi sani da suna Andean, ɗan dabba ne mai saurin haɗuwa a halin yanzu, na dangin beyar da na Bege.
Bayanin beyar mai haske
Pectaramar kai tsaye ita ce kawai wakilin zamani wanda yake na toabilar Tremarctos... A Arewacin Amurka, sanannen nau'in burbushin halittu - caveogon kogon Florida (Tremarctos florianus). Bears masu ban sha'awa sune zuriyar kai tsaye daga cikin manyan Amurkawa masu lalata Ice Age - babban ɗan gajeren gajeren fuska (Arstodus simus), wanda nauyinsa ya kasance mai ban sha'awa kuma ya kai kilo 800-1000.
Bayyanar
Bears mai hangen nesa mai matsakaicin girman dabbobi masu shayarwa. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin wannan dabba ya bambanta tsakanin 150-180 cm, tare da jela daga 7 zuwa 10 cm. Matsakaicin tsayin mai farautar a kafaɗun ya kai 75-80 cm.Girman mace baligi daga 70-72 kg ne, kuma namiji mai balaga ba ya 130-140 kilogiram.
Fushin dabbar yana da laushi, launi-baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. Wasu mutane suna halaye da kasancewar ingantaccen inuwa mai duhu-launin ruwan kasa-launuka a cikin launi. Duk da cewa wakilan nau'ikan beyar suna da kashin hakarkari goma sha huɗu, beyar mai kyan gani an bayyana ta da kasusuwa kasusuwan haƙori goma sha uku ne kawai.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban banbanci tsakanin beyar mai haske daga wasu membobin gidan ba wai kawai "tabarau" ne da ke kewaye da idanu ba, har ma da ɗan gajeren bakin bakin ciki.
Wata dabba mai karfi tare da gajarta da wuya ta muscular, haka nan gajeru da gaɓoɓi masu ƙarfi, tare da wasu nau'ikan beyar, tana motsawa a diddigen ta. Membobin asalin sunada matukar kyau masu hawa hawa, saboda manyan kafafun gaba idan aka kwatanta da na baya. A kusa da idanun beyar mai haske, akwai alamun zobe masu launin fari ko shuɗi, wanda ke bayyana sunan wakilan jinsin. Waɗannan zobba suna haɗuwa da farin zagaye na fari wanda yake a cikin maƙogwaro. A wasu mutane, irin waɗannan tabo ba su nan gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Pectaƙƙarfan beyar shine mafi kyawun kyawawan dabi'u na duk membobin gidan. Irin wannan dabbar da ke farautar ba ta taɓa afka wa mutum da farko ba. Banda wasu lokuta ne yayin da mai shayarwa yake fuskantar wata barazana ga rayuwarsa ko kuma yake kokarin kare yaranta. Koyaya, ba a bayar da rahoton asarar rayuka ba har zuwa yau daga mummunan harin beyar. Lokacin da mutane suka bayyana, dabbar da ke farautar ta fi son yin ritaya, hawa kan bishiyar da ta isa sosai.
Wata dabba mai shayarwa ta wannan jinsin ba ta taɓa raba yankin tsakanin su ba, amma ya fi son rufaffiyar, hanyar rayuwa ta keɓewa. A cikin yankuna waɗanda ke da wadataccen abinci a kowane nau'in abinci, sau da yawa sau da yawa zaka iya lura da mutane da yawa, waɗanda ke zaune tare cikin lumana lokaci ɗaya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Anyi nazarin ilimin kimiyyar halittar beyar mai kyan gani a yau, amma masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa irin wannan dabbar da ke farautar dare ko maraice wanda baya bacci, wani lokaci yana iya samar da rami, na gargajiya ga yan uwa.
Bambance-bambancen halayyar daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa dangane da salon rayuwa sun haɗa da rashin cikakken lokacin kwanciyar hankali. Kari akan haka, bears masu kyan gani ba sa gina wa kansu kaho. Wakilan jinsi sun fi son kasancewa a farke da dare, kuma da rana irin waɗannan dabbobin suna hutawa na musamman, da kansu suka yi gida. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana da matukar wahala a samu irin wannan gida na musamman na kai tsaye tsakanin manyan tsirrai na tsire-tsire.
Har yaushe yaushe bearan wasa mai haske?
Matsakaicin iyakar rayuwar mai haske a cikin daji, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce shekaru 20-22 ba.... Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da ikon rayuwa koda kwata na ƙarni. Wani mazaunin Masarautar Zoological Moscow, mai kyan gani mai suna Klausina, bisa ga bayanan hukuma, ya iya rayuwa zuwa ɗan shekara talatin mai mutunci.
Jima'i dimorphism
Tsarin jima'i yana nuna kansa a cikin bambancin anatomical tsakanin mata da maza, waɗanda suke cikin jinsin halittu iri ɗaya. Ana iya bayyana shi a cikin nau'ikan halaye na zahiri, gami da nauyi da girman dabba. Misali, girman balagaggen namiji mai daukar ido ya wuce girman girman mace irin wannan nau'in da kusan 30-50%. Hakanan, mata suna da ƙarancin wakilcin wakilan ƙaƙƙarfan jima'i a cikin nauyi.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Bears masu kyan gani suna zaune yamma da kudanci na yankin Kudancin Amurka, gami da gabashin Panama, yammacin Colombia, Venezuela, Peru da Ecuador. Bugu da kari, ana samun irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa a Bolivia da kuma yankin arewa maso yammacin kasar Argentina.
Zuwa yau, kyan gani mai haske shine kawai wakilin gidan beyar da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka. Dabbar ta fi son dazukan tsaunuka na yammacin gangaren Andes, wadanda suke a tsawan da bai fi mita dubu uku a saman tekun ba. Koyaya, irin wannan mai farautar yana iya bayyana a gangaren buɗaɗɗen gangare, a cikin savannas masu ƙanƙantar da kai da kuma shuke-shuken shuke-shuke.
Abincin abincin dare
Beyar da ke da kyan gani ita ce mafi kyawu a dukkanin danginsu, saboda haka naman ya zama kaso kaɗan na abincin su na yau da kullun. Adadin abincin tsirrai kusan 95% na abincin, kuma yawan naman bai wuce kashi biyar ba. Don samarwa jiki furotin, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu farauta suna farautar kowane irin ɓeraye da zomaye, da kuma ba manyan barewa, da wasu tsuntsaye da tsuntsaye ba.
A cikin mafi talauci, beyar mai kyan gani na iya afkawa dabbobin da ke tafiya, amma galibi suna wadatar da nau'ikan gawa don ciyar da kansu. Saboda kebantattun tsarin tsarin bakin da kuma dogon harshe, irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa lokaci-lokaci tana cin abinci ne a kan tururuwa ko kowane irin kwari, bayan an tona gidansu kuma an kusan lalata ta gaba daya.
Abincin asalin tsirrai ya yi wuya kuma jikin dabbobi da yawa yana shayar da shi na dogon lokaci, kuma beran mai kyan gani yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilai kaɗan na dabbobi masu farauta waɗanda gabobin jikinsu ke iya narkar da irin abincin. Harbe-harben ciyawa, rhizomes da kowane irin 'ya'yan itace, kwararan fitila na orchid, dabinon dabino, da kuma ganyaye su ne tushen abincin wannan nau'in na beyar.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bears masu kyan gani suna da muƙamuƙai masu ƙarfi irin na yau da kullun, yana ba su damar cin abincin da kusan sauran dabbobi ba za su iya samunsa ba, gami da bawon itacen da zuciyar bromeliad.
Dabba mai shayarwa yana iya hawa babban cacti mai sauƙin isa, wanda ke bawa dabba damar samar da fruitsa fruitsan itace da ke girma a saman ganyen. Kari akan haka, kyan gani bears sanannu ne sosai saboda hakori mai dadi, wadanda basa taba barin wata dama ta cin abinci a kan suga ko zumar daji. A wasu wurare, kyan gani na bera yana cutar da amfanin gonar masara, yana lalata wani muhimmin ɓangare na su.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Na biyu-biyu, beyar mai daukar hankali ta hade kai tsaye a lokacin kiwo, wanda ya fara daga Maris zuwa Oktoba... Wannan fasalin kai tsaye yana nuna cewa wannan dabba mai shayarwa tana da ikon haifuwa a aikace ba tare da la'akari da lokacin ba. Wakilan jinsi sun cika balaga daga shekara ta huɗu zuwa shekara ta bakwai ta rayuwa.
Ciki na beyar mace mai kyan gani, gami da tsawon lokacin lattin nata, yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni takwas ko ƙari kaɗan, bayan haka ana haihuwar onea onea ɗaya zuwa uku. Yaran da aka haifa basu da komai kwata-kwata kuma makafi ne, kuma matsakaicin nauyin beyar da aka haifa, a ka’ida, bai wuce gram 320-350 ba. Koyaya, yaran suna girma cikin sauri da kuzari, don haka bayan sati huɗu sai su fara fita ahankali daga kogonsu. Idanun jarirai suna buɗewa a ƙarshen watan farko.
Har zuwa kimanin watanni shida, beara beara masu ɗoki kusan ko'ina suna tare da mahaifiyarsu, wacce ke ƙoƙarin koya wa ɗanta cin abinci daidai, da kuma nemo abinci na tsire-tsire masu amfani ga kwayar halitta mai girma. Mafi yawancin lokuta, cuba ofan wannan nau'in basa barin mahaifiyarsu har sai sunkai shekaru biyu, kuma kawai lokacin da suka sami cikakken ƙarfi, bayan sun sami dabarun farauta da rayuwa, sun zama independentancin kansu gaba ɗaya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Eggwan da aka haɗu ya rabu, bayan hakan ya zauna cikin nutsuwa cikin mahaifa har tsawon watanni, kuma saboda jinkirin dasawa, haihuwar sa occursa na faruwa a lokacin da adadin abinci ya zama mafi yawa.
Duk da cewa masana kimiyya da yawa suna rarraba beyar mai haske da launin ruwan kasa kamar dabbobin da suke kamanceceniya da juna a halaye da yawa, hanyoyin musayar kwayoyin halitta a tsakanin su ba zai yiwu ba, saboda haka akwai kebantaccen yanayi na haihuwa. Duk da yiwuwar saduwa tsakanin wakilan waɗannan nau'in, ,a bornan da aka haifa zasu zama bakararre ko kuma ba za a rasa su ba.
Makiya na halitta
Babban maƙiyan samari da jariri bera masu kyan gani a cikin yanayin yanayi sune manyan bears maza, da jaguars da puma. Koyaya, mutane ne suka kasance abokan gaba mafi haɗari ga wakilan wannan nau'in. Mutane kusan sun gama hallaka yawan mutanen da ke da karfin dusar kankara.
Yanzu farauta ma ta wanzu, kuma wasu manoma suna harbi dabba mai lalata don rage haɗarin dabba na afkawa dabbobi. Jama'ar yankin sun daɗe suna farautar farauta don samun naman su, kitsen su, gashinsu da bile. Naman wannan maƙarƙancin ya shahara musamman a arewacin ƙasar Peru, kuma ana amfani da kitse wajen maganin cututtukan zuciya da rheumatism. Hakanan likitocin gargajiya na Asiya suna neman gallbladalan gall da yawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Amfani da ƙasar da ake yi a yanzu, gami da sare bishiyoyi, cire itacen itace da katako, share ƙasa a yankuna da yawa masu tsaunuka, gami da ci gaban ayyukan more rayuwa, ya sa beran ya rasa wurin zama na asali a cikin manyan yankuna tsakanin Venezuela da arewacin Peru.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Dangane da ƙididdigar, zai yiwu a tabbatar cewa a yau a cikin yawancin namun daji masu kyan gani akwai kusan mutane dubu biyu da biyu zuwa dubu biyu da huɗu 4 waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin Littafin Ja na Unionungiyar Unionasashen Duniya na Kare Lafiyar Yanayi (IUCN).
Dalilai mafi mahimmanci don tsananin kaifi da saurin raguwa a jimillar yawan kayu masu kyan gani a cikin yanayin yanayi sune lalata muhalli, gami da rarrabuwarsu sakamakon lalacewar aikin gona. Dabbar dabba mai cin nama a halin yanzu an lasafta ta a matsayin nau'ikan halittu masu rauni ta IUCN, kuma membobin jinsin an tsara su ta CITES a cikin Shafi I.
