Astronotus (Astronotus) sanannen kifin akwatin kifaye wanda yake mallakar nau'in cichlid. Wani lokaci ana kiran wakilai na wannan nau'in peacock fish, oscar, ocellatus ko velveteen cichlid.
Bayani, bayyanar
Astronotuses suna cikin nau'ikan manyan kifaye na akwatin kifaye, kuma a cikin mazauninsu, tsayin jikinsu na iya zama 35-40 cm... Lokacin kiyaye shi a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, irin wannan kifin na ado yana girma zuwa tsawon 15-22 cm, yana da manyan idanu da kai, sannan kuma yana da faɗan kuma yana da maƙasudin ɓangaren gaban. Launin Astronotus yana da bambanci sosai. Jan iri-iri na kayan ado na Astronotus ya yadu. Yaran yara ba su dace da iyayensu ba, amma suna da launi mai launin baƙi mai ƙyalƙyali tare da fararen launuka da kasancewar ƙaramin fasalin tauraruwa a jikin duka.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sanarwar zabiya sananniya sananniya kuma jan iri-iri na Astronotus mai fararen fins, wanda galibi ake kira da "Red Oscar", ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a tsakanin yawancin masu sha'awar sha'awa.
Mafi sau da yawa, launi na asalin gaba ɗaya ya bambanta daga sautunan launin toka-zuwa launin toka-baƙi, tare da kasancewar warwatse da manyan wurare, da kuma raƙuman rawaya na siffofi da girma dabam-dabam, waɗanda ƙila za su sami bakin launi. Tushen ƙarancin ƙarancin caudal yana da alaƙa da babban tabo mai baƙar fata, wanda aka tsara ta ratsin lemu, wanda yayi kama da babban ido a cikin bayyanar. Akwai zaton cewa godiya ga wannan "ido" mai ban mamaki ne yasa aka baiwa tauraron dan adam takamaiman sunan "Ocellatus", wanda ke nufin "fure" a Latin.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Mahalli na duk wakilan wannan nau'in halittun ruwa ne a cikin Brazil, da Venezuela, Guiana da Paraguay. An fara kawo taurari zuwa Turai kusan ƙarni ɗaya da suka gabata, kuma a Rasha irin waɗannan kifaye sun bayyana ba da daɗewa ba, amma kusan nan da nan ya zama sananne mai ban mamaki tsakanin masanan ruwa.
Ya kamata a sani cewa kifin da ake kwaskwarima ya kasance cikin nasara sosai a yankin kudancin Amurka, inda yake mallakar shahararrun abubuwa na kamun kifi na wasanni. Kusan dukkanin manyan gonaki da suka kware a kiwo iri daban-daban na kifaye masu kwalliya suna tsunduma sosai cikin kiwo Astronotus, musamman irin mashahuran iri-iri kamar "Red Oscar".
Astronotus abun ciki
Wataƙila mafi shahararrun sanannun cichlids a cikin nishaɗin akwatin kifaye na zamani sune tauraron taurari. Irin wannan sanannen ya sami nasara ne ta hanyar wadataccen haɓakar ikon iyakoki na kifin ado, waɗanda sune manyan wakilai na tsari irin na perch da dangin cichlid. A cewar masu su, taurarin taurari na iya gane mai su har ma suna ba da damar a shafa su, kuma suna da horo sosai a cikin wasu dabaru masu sauƙi.
Shirye-shiryen akwatin kifaye, ƙarar
Don ilimin taurari na gida ya kasance cikin ƙoshin lafiya da farin ciki, dole ne ruwan akwatin ya kasance mai dumi da tsabta, tare da tsarin zazzabi tsakanin 23-27game daDAGA... Saboda wannan dalili ne kuke buƙatar siyan ma'aunin zafi da zafi na musamman. Koyaya, dole ne a tuna cewa tsawan tsauraran taurari a cikin ruwan dumi mai ƙima na iya haifar da haɓakar iskar oksijin a cikin dabbar gidan ado, sannan saurin lalacewa ga jijiyoyi da tsokar zuciya. Dogaro da kamun kifi a cikin ruwan sanyi mai mawuyacin hali yakan shafi tsarin garkuwar jiki, sakamakon hakan Astronotus ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka masu haɗari da yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yayin zaɓar tsarin tacewa, yana da matukar mahimmanci a mai da hankali sosai ga alamun ƙarfin sashin, kuma na'urar da aka siya zata iya jurewa cikin sauƙin tsarkakakken adadin ruwa mai datti.
Don kiyaye manya, ana ba da shawarar siyan akwatin kifaye tare da ƙarancin aƙalla lita 140-150 don kowane kifi. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yakamata a tuna cewa wakilan umarnin perchiformes da dangin cichlid suna iya samar da adadi mai yawa a cikin rayuwar su, don haka ana bukatar girka tsarin tace abubuwa mai kyau a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma 20-30% na ruwan akwatin kifaye zai buƙaci canzawa kowane mako. Tacewa mai inganci kaɗai zai iya hana haɗarin gubobi masu nauyi a cikin ruwa, don haka lokaci-lokaci ya zama dole a tsabtace matatun akwatin kifaye. Acidity ya zama 6.5-7.5 ph, kuma taurin ruwa bai kamata ya wuce 25 dH ba.
Karfin aiki, hali
Masana a fannin ilimin sararin samaniya na zamani sun yi imanin cewa yana da kyau a ajiye wakilan umarnin da ke akwai na iyakokin da kuma dangin cichlid daban daban. Ana iya ɗaukar manyan cichlids na kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka azaman maƙwabta masu yuwuwar astronotus.
Yana da kyau a zaɓi nau'in cichlids waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi sosai, amma kuma ba yawan nutsuwa ko mutane masu wuce gona da iri ba, don a saka su zuwa Astrronotus. Yana da matukar mahimmanci a tuna cewa don kiyaye taurarin taurari tare da wasu nau'ikan kifayen, dole ne a sanya su cikin akwatin kifaye kawai a lokaci guda, wanda zai hana "sake sake" yankin ta hanyar mutane masu ƙarfi ko waɗanda aka zaunar a baya.
Abinci, abinci
Babban abincin rabon manya-manyan taurari an wakilta shi da:
- babban ƙwayar cuta;
- tsutsar ciki;
- nama mara kyau;
- shredded bovine zuciya;
- fillets na nau'in kifin teku;
- abinci na wucin gadi na musamman wanda aka shirya don manyan cichlids.
Duk wakilan manya da ke cikin perchiformes da dangin cichlid suna da yawan annashuwa, saboda haka, don kaucewa ci gaban matsaloli tare da ciki da hanji, ana ba da shawarar ciyar da irin waɗannan dabbobin gida sau ɗaya kawai a rana. Yana da matukar mahimmanci a shirya ranakun azumi don kifi na ado.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Zai yiwu a ciyar da wakilan oda na masu lalacewar jiki da dangin cichlid tare da zuciyar naman sa ba fiye da sau ɗaya a wata, wanda zai hana ci gaban kiba da kuma ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haihuwar manya.
Recommendationsarin shawarwari don ciyar da Astronotus sun haɗa da gabatarwa a cikin abincin kifin kifin, tushen, kifi mai matsakaicin rayuwa, tadpoles da kwadi, squid da jatan lande. Hakanan, ya kamata a wadatar da abinci da kayan tsire-tsire a cikin siƙarfar biredin baƙar fata, birgima mai hatsi, yankakken alayyafo da ganyen latas. Wajibi ne don dacewa sosai game da batun canzawa na kowane nau'in abinci, gami da ba kawai furotin ba, har ma da manyan abubuwan shuka. Koyaya, ana ba da shawarar ba da fifiko kawai don rayuwa da ƙananan kifi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Babban, mafi shahararren bambance-bambance tsakanin mazan maza na Astronotus da matan da suka balaga da wannan nau'in:
- Matan Astronotus suna da yanayin da ke tattare da ciki;
- maza suna da tazara mafi girma tsakanin idanu;
- yankin fin din na bayan mace yana da siffa mai siffa kamar pear, kuma bangaren kwatancen da ke jikin namiji, a matsayin ka’ida, ya kasance kuma ba shi da wani kumburi da ya dace;
- mafi yawan lokuta, mazan Astronotus suna da ɗan girma fiye da mata na wannan jinsin na masu shekarunsu ɗaya;
- fincin gabobin namiji sun fi tsayi kuma suna da alama mai kyau a sama fiye da ta mata.
- yankin gaba na namiji yafi saurin hadata fiye da goshin mace.
Duk waɗannan alamun da ke sama suna da dangantaka, amma ana iya amfani dasu azaman babban mahimmin bayani. Kifi ya kai ga balagar jima’i yana da shekara biyu. Don haifuwa, ana ba tauraron dan adam akwatin kifaye na kowa tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi na 300-350 lita. ko wani akwatin keɓaɓɓen akwatin don lita 180-200 tare da tsarin tacewa mai kyau da yanayi. Ya kamata a ɗora babban dutse, shimfida, mai tsabta a ƙasa. Mata suna haɓaka sanannen ovipositor gab da haihuwa. Manyan kifayen sun bazu sau goma a jere, tare da tazarar kimanin wata guda, bayan haka dole ne su huta na tsawon makonni takwas ko kaɗan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Astronotus soya suna girma da haɓaka sosai ba tare da daidaito ba, kuma a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, dole ne a tsara su a cikin lokaci don waɗanda suka fi girma kada su ci ƙananan.
Samun nasarar kiwo na Astronotus yana nuna haɓaka abinci tare da nau'ikan abincin dabbobi, gami da ƙwarin larba, ƙwarin jini, ƙwaryar ƙasa, ƙananan nama mara laushi da ƙaramin kifi mai rai. Yawan zafin jiki na abun ciki ya kamata a hankali ya tashi da digiri biyu, kuma ana buƙatar shigar da rauni, amma hasken rana da agogo. An maye gurbin wani sashi na ruwa da dafafaffen ruwa. Qwai da mace ta haifa namiji ne yake hadi shi. Za a iya barin kama a cikin kulawar ma'aurata ko a tura su zuwa incubator. Duk masu ilimin taurari kusan iyaye ne masu dacewa kuma suna kare zuriyarsu a kowane lokaci, suna cire ƙwai marasa ƙwai kuma suna ciyar dasu da ɓoyewar fata na ƙyanya.
Cutar cututtuka
Astronotus suna daga cikin kyawawan kifayen kifin akwatin kifaye... Koyaya, ana iya fuskantar wakilan oda da larura da dangin cichlid ga cututtukan da ba na kamuwa da cututtuka ba, galibi na asalin ƙwayoyin cuta da fungal.
Nau'in cuta na farko galibi ana danganta shi da keta sharuɗɗan yanayin tsarewa ko abinci mai gina jiki kuma ya haɗa da ramin rami, ko hexamitosis, wanda ke bayyana ta yashewar kai da layin gefe. A wannan yanayin, duk wuraren da abin ya shafa suna da alamun bayyanar ramuka da ramuka. Babban abin da ke iya haifar da wannan cuta shi ne rashin bitamin, alli da phosphorus, da kuma rashin wadataccen abinci da rashin wadataccen ruwa. Don magani, ana amfani da "Metronidazole" kuma ana aiwatar dashi zuwa mafi daidaitaccen nau'in abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wakilan wannan nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin shekaru goma sha biyu, amma dangane da fasahar kiyayewa da ƙa'idodin kulawa, da kuma rigakafin lokaci da dacewa, kifin akwatin kifaye yana da ikon rayuwa kusan shekaru goma sha biyar ko fiye.
Cututtukan Astronotus na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko na parasitic suna buƙatar gabatar da matakan keɓewa. Ba shi da kyau a yi amfani da kifin kogi, wanda galibi shine asalin wasu cutuka masu haɗari da masu haɗari, a cikin abincin astronotuses. Dole ne a tafasa ƙasa ta asali kafin a sanya ta cikin akwatin kifaye. Ana sarrafa kayan lambu da abubuwa na ado ta amfani da kodadde ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate.
Binciken mai shi
Kwararrun masanan ruwa sun yi imani cewa domin masu ilimin taurari su ji daɗi kamar yadda ya kamata, ya zama dole ƙirƙirar wurare da yawa inda kifin zai iya ɓoyewa.
Wakilan tsari irin na perch da dangin cichlid suna matukar son sake gina duk kayan kwalliyar da ke cikin kansu a cikin akwatin kifaye gwargwadon abubuwan da suke so, saboda haka sukan shirya abubuwa na ado, gami da busasshiyar itace da duwatsu. Sabili da haka, kayan ado masu kaifi ko masu haɗari ya kamata a cire su gaba ɗaya.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Aguaruna ko kifin kifin mai muscular
- Gourami
- Sumatran barbus
- Tauraruwar tauraro
Kamar yadda al'adar kiyaye taurarin dan adam ke nunawa, tsutsotsi masu jini yana da kyau ayi amfani dasu don ciyar da kananan dabbobi, kuma manya suna bukatar abinci mai rai kai tsaye. Yakamata a tsabtace tsutsotsi cikin ruwa daga ƙasa da datti. Bugu da kari, sinadarin karafa na abinci, wanda aka shirya shi daga naman shanu, naman kifi, guntun hanta da zuciya, sun dace da ciyar da cichlids, sannan kuma a daskare.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa Astronotuses kifi ne mai cin nama, saboda haka dole ne a basu abinci wanda yake da wadataccen furotin gwargwadon iko.... A halin yanzu, akwai 'yan nau'ikan nau'ikan abinci na musamman a shagunan dabbobi, amma a cikin yanayin yanayi, irin waɗannan wakilan fauna suna cin ƙananan kifi, sabili da haka, lokacin zana kayan abinci, ya kamata a ba da fifiko ga irin wannan abincin kawai. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwari da kwarkwata masu ruwa, sabo da daskararre ko busasshen abinci don wannan dalili.
Mahimmanci! Adadin abincin da aka bayar ya zama ya kamata astronotus ya iya cin sa cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan. Ba a cin abinci fiye da kima kuma yana lalata ruwan akwatin kifin, yana tsokanar ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, masu ilimin taurari suna da kyan gani ƙwarai da gaske, tare da ingantaccen ciyarwa da kulawa mai kyau, suna iya farantawa mai su rai tare da halaye masu ban sha'awa, gami da ƙaunatacciyar soyayya. Wuri mafi kyau duka, ruwa mai tsafta da dumi, kasancewar kebabbun wurare da abinci mai wadataccen furotin suna ba da damar irin wannan dabbar da ba ta dace ba kuma mai ban sha'awa don kiyaye rayuwarta da lafiyarta.
