Kaluga dabba ce mai ban mamaki, an jera ta a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya da Red Book of Russia, a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen da ke da ruwa. Kaluga kifi ne mai daraja mai daraja, ana girmama shi sosai. A da an yi imani da cewa wannan kifin ruwan sha ne kawai, amma kwanan nan ya zama sananne cewa samari ma suna zaune a wani babban yankin ruwa a arewacin Tekun Okhotsk.
Bayanin kifin kaluga
Kifin na dangin sturgeon ne, galibi ana rude shi da beluga... Amma babban abin da yake sananne kuma mai sauƙin ganewa shine adadin haskoki akan ƙofar bayan fage - akwai ƙasa da 60 daga cikinsu.
Bayyanar
Kaluga yana da girma ƙwarai, wani lokacin ma manya suna girma zuwa 560 cm a tsayi kuma suna da nauyin sama da tan 1. - Ana ɗaukar kifin a matsayin balagagge a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 16, lokacin da ya kai tsawon 230 cm, cikin nauyi - kimanin kilogiram 380. Adadin tsawon rai na Kaluga shine shekaru 50-55. Launin dabba mafi yawanci galibi-launin toka-toka, ciki yawanci fari ne.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana haɗa membobin gill a cikin irin wannan kifin wuri ɗaya, wanda ke samar da madaidaiciyar ninkawa a ƙarƙashin rata tsakanin gills.
Hannun bakin ko hancin an nuna shi ɗan kaɗan, mai kama, ba mai tsayi da ɗan kaɗan a gefe. Bakin yana da girma, yayi kama da jinjirin wata mai siffa kuma yana kusa da dukkan ƙananan hancin hancin, yana tafiya kan shugaban kadan. A gefen bakin a Kaluga akwai matse-murun matsewa, ba tare da kayan ganye ba.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Akwai nau'ikan kifi da yawa — shingen bincike, bakin kogi da Kaluga mai saurin girma. Duk waɗannan dabbobin suna zuwa daddawa a cikin Amur. Hakanan akwai Kaluga na zama - fasalinsa ana ɗaukarsa a zaman hanyar "rashin zaman lafiya" - kifin baya taɓa sauka a cikin mashigar Amur, kuma baya motsi tare da tashar sa.
Har yaushe Kaluga ke rayuwa
Balaga tsakanin mata da maza a cikin Kaluga ba ya faruwa lokaci guda – maza sun girma shekaru 1-2 da suka gabata. Kifin a “shirye yake” don ya hayayyafa tun yana shekara 15 zuwa 17, idan har ya kai kimanin miliyan 2. Mai yiwuwa, tsawon rayuwar kowane mutum ya kai shekaru 48-55.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Duk da bakon sunansa - Kaluga - wannan kifin ba ya rayuwa a cikin kogunan ruwa na cikin birni, amma a cikin kwamin Amur ne kawai. Yawan mutanen ya tashi ne kawai a cikin Amur Estuary.
Mahimmanci! Dangane da yawan buƙatun kasuwanci, kusan kifi ya ɓace daga yawancin wuraren da aka keɓe da koguna na Amur, inda a baya ya yadu sosai.
Abincin Kaluga
Kaluga shine babban mai cutar daji, a shekarun farko na rayuwarsa yana ciyar da kannen kanne da invertebrates... Tsoffin mutane suna cin manyan nau'ikan kifin kogi - kifin kifi shine galibi "abinci mai kyau" ga Kaluga.
A cikin mashigar Amur (wurin zama da wurin da aka haifa na Kaluga), kifin kifin da kifin kifi mai ruwan hoda ya zama babban abinci, kuma saboda raguwar yawan kifin kasuwanci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, al'amuran cin naman mutane suna yawaita.
Bude bakin mafarauci yana kama da bututu - a zahiri yana tsotsa cikin ganima tare da rafin ruwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin kifin suna da girma ƙwarai - Kaluga mai tsawon mita uku zai iya haɗiye salmon mai tsayin mita ɗaya ko ruwan kifin mai ruwan hoda - cikin ciki ya daidaita daidai da dozin kifin na wannan girman. Wannan sha'awar yana bawa jinsi damar girma da sauri kuma ya isa girmansa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Har zuwa yanzu, gaskiyar bayyanar irin wannan kifin a cikin Amur ana ɗaukarsa mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. Masana kimiyya sun danganta wannan ga ƙaura mai tsawo daga iyakar yamma a da can can baya. Amma har yanzu abin ya zama asiri - yaushe, ta yaya kuma da wane dalili waɗannan mashahuran suka bayyana a cikin mashigar Amur. Akwai ma sigar da Kaluga ya zaunar da Amur saboda tsuntsayen masu ƙaura waɗanda suka ɗauki ƙwai - amma wannan imanin ba shi da ma'ana kuma ba zai iya zama hujja bayyananniya ba.
Kaluga tana tsirowa ne kawai a cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko ƙanƙan dutse. Spawning koyaushe yana faruwa a cikin Mayu - Yuni. Yawan kwai kafin a fara yaduwa ya kai kimanin kashi 25% na nauyinta duka, kuma yawan haihuwa ya kai kwai miliyan 4-5. Kowane mutum yana haihuwa kowace shekara huɗu zuwa biyar.
Qwai da kansu suna manne da manne na kasa - qwai suna da diamita kusan 2-4 mm. Embryos suna ci gaba a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi - ana buƙatar yanayin zafin ruwa na aƙalla 18-19 ° C. Narkar da ƙwai yana faruwa a tsakanin awa 100-110, a ƙananan yanayin zafin jiki, haɓakar amfrayo yana raguwa zuwa kwanaki 15-17. Emwayoyin da aka ƙyanƙyashe sun kai tsawon 10-12 mm, bayan fewan kwanaki, a sake a ƙarƙashin wani yanayi na yanayin zafin jiki, kifin ya girma har zuwa 18-22 mm kuma gaba ɗaya ya canza zuwa nau'in cakuda kai.
A farkon hunturu, soyayyen ya kai girman kusan 30 cm da nauyin 20-100 grams. A lokacin shekara kifin yana girma har zuwa 35 cm kuma yana samun nauyi har zuwa gram 150-200. Abin sha'awa shine, Kaluga ya soya da wuri ya zama masu farauta - a wannan zamani galibi suna da al'amuran cin naman mutane, kuma wakilan wannan nau'in kifin musamman sun fi sauri fiye da duk sauran uran baranda.
Mahimmanci! A cikin mashigar Amur ne kuma a tsakiyar sassan kogin ne kifin ke tsiro da sauri fiye da sauran wuraren da suke rayuwa.
Ana ɗaukar mutanen da suka manyanta a cikin shekaru 20 zuwa 25, suna kaiwa 100 kg da 230-250 cm a tsayi. Yawan jinsi tsakanin kifin da bai balaga ba ya kai kusan guda, amma yawan matan da ke Kaluga ya ninka ninki biyu.
Makiya na halitta
Tunda kifin Kaluga mai farauta ne kuma yana da girman girman halittu, bashi da irin wadannan makiya a yanayi... Amma Kaluga kifi ne mai matukar daraja ga kifi - hakika 'taska' ce ta mai kamun kifi - bashi da nama mai dadi. Bugu da kari, kifin ba shi da kashi. Waɗannan fa'idodi ne suka sa dabbar ta zama abun farauta ba bisa doka ba.
Mafarauta suna kama mutane marasa balaga daga 5 zuwa 20 ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, wanda hakan ke rage yawan jinsunan. A sakamakon irin wannan kamun, adadin jinsin ya ragu da sau goma, da kuma yadda ya samu haihuwa, wanda shine dalilin sanya kifin Kaluga a cikin Littafin Ja. Zai yuwu a ceci jinsin daga halaka sai idan an dakatar da dabi'a da farautar jama'a da yawa kuma an hayayyafa ta hanyar yanayi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Zuwa yau, an ba wa kifin Kaluga matsayin wani nau'in nau'in haɗari... Yawan mutanen ta kawai 50-55 dubu ɗaya ne waɗanda suka balaga (waɗanda shekarunsu suka wuce 15 zuwa sama, suna da nauyin kusan 50-60 kg, 180 cm tsayi). a cikin ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata, an lura da raguwar yawan halittu, wanda ke da nasaba da farautar jama’a. Idan wannan ya ci gaba a gaba, to a ƙarshen wannan shekarun adadin Kaluga zai ragu har sau goma. Kuma bayan wasu yan shekaru, yawan Kaluga na iya bacewa gaba daya.
Darajar kasuwanci
Kifi daga cikin dangin sturgeon, gami da Kaluga, koyaushe ana ɗaukarsa mafi mahimmanci ga duk wasu sifofin. Amma mafi mahimmanci, ana darajar caviar a cikin irin wannan kifin, tunda shine yake ƙunshe da adadi mai mahimmanci na gina jiki - iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, mineral, bitamin da kuma mai narkewa mai sauƙin narkewa, don haka ya zama dole ga jikin mutum. Bugu da kari, tsari na musamman na kwarangwal din ta wata hanya yana shafar kusan cin abincin mutum na wannan kifin don abinci - rashin kasusuwa da kashin baya na cartilaginous ya sa ana iya amfani da kusan kashi 85% na jikinsa don dafa abinci daga Kaluga.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Daga mahangar magani, guringuntsi na kifin shine ƙarancin hondoprotector na halitta, wanda amfani da shi yana rage saurin ciwan arthrosis da osteoarthritis.
Mafi qarancin asarar nauyi bayan maganin zafin rana, adadin da alamomin wurin da nama mai ƙashi a cikin kifin Kaluga ya sanya shi mafi kyawun samfurin gastronomic. Waɗannan abubuwan ne suka zama tushen asali ga kama dabbobi a sikeli babba kuma sune manyan "masu laifi" game da nau'in halittar.
