Whales (a Girkanci - "dodannin ruwa") manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne waɗanda ke da tsari mai yawa na Cetaceans. Matsayin sunan a halin yanzu ba a ƙayyade shi cikakke ba, amma kowane irin dabba, ban da dolphins da porpoises, an lasafta su a matsayin wakilan farin ciki.
Bayanin kifayen teku
Tare da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, whale suna amfani da huhunsu don numfashi, suna cikin jinsin dabbobi masu dumi, suna ciyar da jariransu da madara wanda glandon mammary ke samarwa, kuma suma suna da ragin gashi.
Bayyanar
Whales na da jiki mai siffa irin na dunƙule wanda ya yi kama da ingantaccen sifa kusan kowane kifi... Fins, wani lokacin ana kiransa silifa, suna da kamannin lobe. Characterizedarshen wutsiya yana kasancewa da kasancewar fin da wakiltar wasu lobes biyu na kwance. Irin wannan fin yana da ma'anar stabilizer da wani nau'in "inji", sabili da haka, yayin aiwatar da motsi kamar motsi a cikin jirgin sama na tsaye, an ba wa kifayen ruwa sauƙi mai sauƙi a cikin hanyar gaba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Whales, tare da kifayen dolphin, basa buƙatar tashi sama sau da yawa zuwa saman ruwa domin yin numfashi, saboda haka rabin kwakwalwar dabbar ne kawai ke iya hutawa cikin mafarki a wani lokaci.
Kariyar fatar kifin whale daga mummunan tasirin hasken rana na ultraviolet ana samar dashi ta hanyar na'urorin kariya daban-daban, waɗanda suka bambanta sosai a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Misali, shuɗin whales na iya ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke cikin launin fata, wanda ke da tasirin shan hasken ultraviolet sosai. Maniyyi Whales yana haifar da halayen "damuwa" na musamman, kwatankwacin amsa ga tasirin masu ƙyamar oxygen, kuma kifin whales na iya amfani da hanyoyin kariya biyu. A cikin ruwan sanyi, kifayen kifi suna kula da yanayin zafin jiki na yau da kullun saboda danshi mai kauri da daidaiton kitse wanda yake kai tsaye karkashin fata na irin wannan mai shayarwar. Wannan layin na kitse mai subcutaneous yana aiki sosai da cikakken kariya ga gabobin ciki na mahaifa daga mummunan hypothermia.
Hali da salon rayuwa
A cewar masana kimiyya, Whales na daga jinsunan dabbobi da ke jagorantar mafi yawan rayuwar rayuwa. Kusan duk wakilan umarnin Cetaceans suna iya zama kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin ruwa na dogon lokaci kuma ba tare da sabunta iska a huhun su ba, amma yawancin irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba sa amfani da wannan damar ta ɗabi'a, sabili da haka kifayen ruwa mafi yawan lokuta sukan nitse ne kawai lokacin da haɗari ya bayyana.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Nawa ne nauyin whale?
- Blue ko shuɗin whale
- Kifi whale
Koyaya, daga cikin kifayen akwai ainihin, masu kyau masu iyo sosai.... Misali, irin wannan matattarar mai sihiri ita ce kifin whale. Wannan whale din zai iya nitsewa cikin ruwa zuwa zurfin mita dubu biyu, ya rage a sararin samaniya na awa daya da rabi. Wannan fasalin ya samo asali ne saboda kasancewar sauye-sauye da yawa da whale ya sha, ciki har da ƙaruwar huhun huhu da haɓakar haemoglobin da ke cikin jini, da kuma yawan ƙwayar myoglobin a cikin ƙwayoyin tsoka. Kari akan haka, cibiyar numfashi ta kifayen tana da karancin hankali ga adadin carbon dioxide. Kafin nutsar ruwa, kifin whale yana numfasawa sosai, wanda a lokacin ne tsokar haemoglobin ke cike da iskar oxygen kuma huhu cike yake da iska mai tsabta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Duk whales suna cikin dabbobin ruwa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka fi son haɗuwa cikin rukuni na dubun-dubata ko ma ɗaruruwan mutane.
Whales manyan dabbobi ne, amma suna da kwanciyar hankali. Yawancin jinsin cetacean suna da alaƙa da ƙaurawar yanayi. Da farkon yanayin sanyi, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yin ƙaura zuwa ruwa mai dumi, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci sukan dawo. Daga shekara zuwa shekara, irin waɗannan dabbobin ruwa suna bin hanya ɗaya kawai, sabili da haka, a cikin ƙaura, suna komawa wuraren da aka riga aka san su. Misali, garken whales na Asiya yana da halin ciyarwar bazara a Tekun Okhotsk, mai wadatar abinci, kusa da Tekun Chukchi da Kamchatka. Da farkon sanyi, irin waɗannan kifayen kifayen suna motsawa zuwa cikin ruwan Tekun Rawaya ko kusa da gabar Japan ta kudu.
Har yaushe whale ke rayuwa
Mafi ƙarancin jinsunan Whale suna rayuwa kusan kwata na karni, kuma matsakaicin tsawon rai na manyan wakilai na tsari Cetaceans na iya zama shekaru hamsin. Shekarun kifi whale an ƙayyade ta hanyoyi da yawa: gwargwadon nau'in kwan mace ko na faranti na whalebone, haka nan kuma da matatun kunne ko hakora.
Nau'in Whale
Wakilan umarnin Cetaceans suna da wakiltar wasu yankuna biyu:
- Baleen whales (Mysticeti) - ana rarrabe su da gaban gashin baki, da kuma tsari mai kama da matattara, wanda yake saman hagu na dabbar kuma ya kunshi galibi keratin. Ana amfani da wutsiya a cikin tirin na ruwa daban-daban kuma yana ba da damar a tace ruwa mai yawa ta hanyar tsarin bakin mai kama da tsefe. Baleen whales sune mafi girma daga cikin dukkan ƙananan ƙasashen whale;
- Haƙoran Whale (Odontoseti) - ana nuna su da kasancewar hakora, kuma tsarin tsarin irin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ba su damar farautar kifin kifi da manyan kifaye, wadanda sune asalin abincin su. Abilitieswarewa ta musamman na dukkanin wakilan wannan rukuni sun haɗa da ikon fahimtar fasalin yanayin, wanda ake kira echolocation. Har ila yau, ana rarraba nau'ikan ruwa da kifayen dolphin a matsayin haƙoran haƙora.
Theungiyar baleen whale ta kasu kashi huɗu: minke whales (Balayenorteridae), whales masu launin toka (Eschrichtiidae), whales mai santsi (Balayenidae), da dwarf whales (Neobalaenidae). Wadannan iyalai sun hada da jinsuna goma, wadanda suka hada da kan baka, na kudu, pygmy, launin toka, humpback, whale blue, fin whale da sei whale, da Bryde's minke da minke whales.
Hakori mai yatsu ya haɗu da iyalai:
- Gangetic dolphins (Platanistidae Gray);
- Dabbar dolfin (Delphinidae Grey);
- Narwhal (Monоdоntidаe Grаy);
- Maniyyi Whale (Physeteridae Gray);
- Inii (Iniidаe Grаy);
- Pygmy sperm whales (Kogiidae Gill);
- Beaked (Zirhiidаe Grаy);
- Dabbobin dolphins na Laplatan (Pontororiidae Gray);
- Shafuka (Рhocoenidae Grаy);
- Kogin dolphins (Lirotidae Gray).
Orderangare na uku na umarnin Cetaceans tsohuwar ƙirar Whale ne (Archaeoseti), waɗanda a yau ƙungiya ce da ta ƙare.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Whale whales, waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan duk Tekun Duniya, ban da yankin kudu da arewa mafi sanyi, an rarrabe su da mafi girman yankin rarrabawa, kuma whale whales na pygmy ma suna zaune cikin ruwan dumi ko matsakaici na Tekun Duniya.
Balelen Whales suna da yawa a cikin teku, banda kuma shine ƙifin kifin baka wanda ke rayuwa a cikin tekun Arctic, na Bryde's minke, wanda ke zaune a cikin ɗamarar dumi na Tekun Duniya, da kuma dwarf whale da ke faruwa a cikin ruwan sanyi mai sanyi na Kudancin Hemisphere.
Abincin Whale
Abincin abinci na nau'ikan jinsin ya bambanta dangane da rarraba yanayin su, yankin muhalli, da kuma yanayi. Dogaro da manyan abubuwan fifiko na abinci, nau'ikan kifayen whales daban-daban suna rayuwa a cikin wasu yankuna na teku. Planktophages ko dabbobin whales na dama suna ciyarwa galibi a cikin ruwan teku, suna kama tarin zooplankton a cikin shimfidar ƙasa, waɗanda ƙananan crustaceans da pteropods ke wakilta. Benthophages ko ruwan whales masu launin toka suna ciyarwa a zurfin zurfin ruwa, yayin da ichthyophages daga dangin dolphin sun fi son kifi don samun ilimin kifi.
Wani muhimmin ɓangare na whales ɗin minke sun saba da abinci mai gauraya, wanda ke wakiltar wasu ɓawon burodi da kifi, kuma theutophages, gami da kifin whales, ruwan dumi da dolphins masu launin toka, sun fi son cephalopods kawai.
Canje-canje na yanayi a cikin yanayin ciyarwa na iya haifar da saurin juzu'i a cikin wannan ma'aunin kamar matakin yanayin jikin mahaifa. Whale da suka fi wadatar abinci a ƙarshen ciyarwar kaka ne, kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa ba sa samun wadatar abinci sosai a lokacin bazara da hunturu. A lokacin kiwo mai aiki, Whale da yawa basa ciyarwa kwata-kwata.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Duk nau'ikan Whales an daidaita su don samar da zuriyarsu kawai cikin wadataccen ruwan dumi. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke rayuwa a yankuna masu sanyi kuma suka saba da ƙaura mai nisa suna haihuwar jariransu a lokacin sanyi, suna barin yankuna tare da tsarin ruwa mai ɗumi mafi girma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sabbin kifayen da aka haifa ba manya ba ne kawai, amma kuma suna da tsari sosai, saboda asarar ƙasusuwan ƙugu da irin waɗannan dabbobin ruwa ke yi, wanda ke sanya wasu ƙuntatawa kan girman girman tayin.
Ciki a cikin nau'ikan kifayen whales na daga watanni tara zuwa goma sha shida, kuma sakamakon haihuwa shine haihuwar whale ɗaya, wanda aka fara haifa wutsiya. Jariri sabon haihuwa nan da nan bayan haihuwarsa ya tashi zuwa saman ruwa, inda yake ɗaukar numfashi na farko. Kittens da sauri suna amfani da sabon yanayin kuma suna fara iyo da kyau sosai. Da farko, yaran sun tsaya kusa da mahaifiyarsu, wanda hakan ba wai kawai ke sa musu motsi ba, amma kuma yana sanya shi amintacce sosai.
Kittens suna ciyarwa sau da yawa kuma suna mannewa kan nono mahaifiyar kusan kowane rubu'in sa'a.... Bayan tsotsan nono, godiya ga raguwar tsokoki na musamman, ana sanya madara mai dumi a cikin bakin jaririn da kansa. Dogaro da halayen halayen ƙananan ko nau'ikan, cetaceans daban-daban suna samar da madara daban-daban, wanda ya bambanta daga 200-1200 ml a cikin dabbobin dolphin har zuwa 180-200 lita a cikin babban shuɗin whale.
Milk daga wakilai na tsari na tsirrai na da matukar kauri, mai laushi a launi kuma kusan sau goma sun fi na gina jiki fiye da madarar shanu ta gargajiya. Saboda tsananin tashin hankali, madarar kifin nilala ba ya yaduwa a cikin ruwa, kuma lokacin lactation na iya wucewa daga watanni huɗu zuwa shekara kuma wani lokacin yakan zo daidai da juna biyun mace.
Whales suna da halayen halayen iyaye masu haɓaka, wanda shine dalilin da yasa irin waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa basa barin younga youngansu cikin haɗari. Ko da kuwa kifin whale a ƙaramar igiyar ruwa ya faɗi a cikin wani yanki mai zurfin ruwa kuma bai iya iyo da kansa ba, dole ne mahaifiyarsa ta jira taguwar kuma ta kai jaririyarta zuwa mafi aminci, mafi kyawun wuri. Whale na Manya suna iya ƙarfin gwiwa don taimakon harpoon whales, kuma suyi ƙoƙarin jan yaransu daga jirgin. Wannan bautar marar iyaka ce ta manyan kifayen ruwa da mahauka ke amfani da su yayin jan hankalin manyan mutane zuwa jirgi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Beluga whales na koyawa ne da ke yawan yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin dolphinariums da circus, don haka ana ba wa marubutan wannan nau'in mahimmanci.
Sanannen abu ne cewa ana rarrabewa da halaye masu ban mamaki ba kawai ga 'yan maruƙansu ba, har ma ga kowane dangi. Duk wakilan ƙungiyar Cetaceans kusan ba sa barin maƙaryata ko waɗanda suka sami rauni a cikin matsala, don haka suna ƙoƙarin kawo agaji a kowane hali.
Idan kifin ya yi rauni sosai kuma ba zai iya hawa kansa sama don shaƙar iska a cikin huhu ba, to da yawa daga cikin lafiyayyun mutane suna kewaye da wannan dabba don taimaka mata ta fito, bayan haka kuma suna kula da dangin a hankali.
Makiya na halitta
Babban dalilan mutuwar whale sun hada da kamun kifi mai aiki... Koyaya, wasu cututtukan cututtukan parasitic suna da yawa a cikin cetaceans. Cetaceans galibi suna haɓaka yanayin fata mai laushi, gami da ulce, cututtukan fungal, da ƙuraje masu lahani. Hakanan, whales suna fama da cututtukan ƙasusuwa da ƙananan ciwan ƙashi ko exostoses, haɓakar ƙashi mai rikitarwa ko synostoses.
Babban dabba mai shayarwa na iya shan wahala daga cutar kwayar halitta, lankwasawar muƙamuƙi da wasu cututtukan haƙori, cututtukan tsoka, ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi da huhu, ciwon huhu na huhu, ciwon hanta na hanta, ulcers da duwatsun fitsari, tuntuɓar cututtuka, ciki har da erysipelas ko erysipeloid.
Yawancin dolphins da ba manyan kifayen ruwa sun mutu a yaƙe-yaƙe masu zafi tare da kifayen kifayen. Babban lalacewa ga yawan jama'a kuma ana haifar da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda trematodes, cestodes da nematodes suka wakilta. Barikin da abin da ake kira ƙirar whale suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da yawa a cikin mahaifa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Adadin wasu nau'in kifin Whale yana ta raguwa a hankali sanadiyyar lalacewar mazaunin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Misali, Ganges dolphins wasu kananan dabbobi ne wadanda aka jera a littafin Red Book na kasa da kasa kuma suna da matsayin "nau'in da ke cikin hatsari", kuma yawan mutanen da ke gabar ruwan whale masu launin toka suna da dabbobi da dama, wanda kawai mutum ashirin ne daga cikin manyan mata. Ranar Whale ta Duniya - Fabrairu 19. A wannan ranar ta Fabrairu a 1986 ne aka dakatar da duk wani kifi na fatauci.
A yau, an hana kowane farauta don nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen da ke cikin haɗari.... Bulu whale, kifin whale mai ruwan toka, ruwan toka mai ƙyalƙyali da humpback sune waɗanda aka azabtar da rashin tunani da ƙetawar dabbobi masu shayarwa don neman kiba.
A cikin Rasha, littafin Red Book ya hada da kifin whale, mai launin fari a Atlantika, fari mai fuska da dolphins masu launin toka, da kuma dokin ruwan Black Sea, alade, narwhals, highbrow na kwalba, whales mai ruwan toka, launin toka, kan baka, Jafananci, willow, whale mai ruwan shuda da whale whale. Abun takaici, hatta shigar da irin wadannan dabbobin a shafukan Jar Littafin ba cikakkiyar tabbaci bane na kariyarsu ko cetonsu daga halaka.
Whales da mutum
Mutane sun daɗe suna farautar kifayen teku da nufin samun kitse da ƙashi, da kuma whalebone mai tamani. Ana amfani da kitsen Whale da man alade don yin margarine, glycerin da sabulu, kuma ƙasusuwa da raɗaɗin whales sun sami aikace-aikacensu wajen samar da kowane irin kayan ado da kayan kwalliyar asali, da corsets da jita-jita.
Ana amfani da naman kifin Whale wajen shirya wasu jita-jita, gami da tsiran alade da ƙananan tsiran alade, cutlet da pates, da naman jeli. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da nama mai daɗi da lafiya cikin abincin gwangwani.
Mahimmanci! A yau, ƙasashe da yawa sun taƙaita takaddama game da kifin kifi, gami da amfani da su kawai don dalilai na bincike da kuma bukatun wasu 'yan asalin.
