Caran katun Azurfa babban kifi ne na ruwa wanda mallakar dangi ne. An kuma kira shi da kifin zinare. Yana ciyarwa akan "ƙananan abubuwa" waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ginshiƙan ruwa, godiya ga tace shi ta cikin matattara ta musamman.
Bayani na irin kifin kifi na azurfa
Kifin azurfa babban kifi ne, mai zurfin teku, wanda girman girmansa zai iya kaiwa santimita 150 a tsayi kuma yayi kimanin kilogram 27... Har ila yau, akwai bayanan da aka tattara kan kama nau'ikan nau'ikan kifi na azurfa wanda nauyinsa ya haura kilo 50. Wannan kamun kifin ya zama mafi soyuwa ga masunta da yawa saboda girmanta da ƙimar abincinsa.
Bayyanar
Gefen jikinta kala-kala azurfa kala-kala. Ciki na iya zama daga farin azurfa zuwa fari fari. Babban shugaban kifin zinaren yana da juye gani, bakin ba hakora. Idanun suna can nesa da kai kuma an tsara su ƙasa kaɗan.
Ya banbanta sosai da sauran kifayen a faffadan tsarin goshi da baki. Nauyin nauyin katifan Azurfa shine 20-15% na nauyin jiki duka. Lowananan idanu masu tazara sosai suna sa gaban goshi ya fi faɗi.
Katifun azurfa maimakon bakin da aka saba da hakora suna da kayan aikin tace abubuwa. Yayi kama da gills mai haɗi, kamar soso. Saboda wannan tsarin, ya yi amfani da su azaman matattara don kama babban tushen abinci - plankton. Ta hanyar kara irin kifi na azurfa zuwa tafkunan kiwo na roba, zaka iya kubutar dashi da kyau daga gurbatawa da kuma furannin ruwa. Jikin katifan azurfa dogo ne, duk da irin wannan girman, an rufe shi da ƙananan ma'auni.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Katakon azurfa yana zaune tsakiyar da babba na zurfin. Ana iya ganin su a cikin ruwan manyan koguna, tafkunan ruwa mai dumi, tabkuna, bayan ruwa, wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta haɗu da manyan koguna. Zasu iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai motsi da kuma a tsayayyen ruwa. Natsattse, ruwan dumi tare da halin sassauƙa - wuri mai kyau don rayuwarsa. Ya firgita, watakila, da saurin sauri, a irin waɗannan wuraren bai zauna na dogon lokaci ba. Wuraren da suka fi so sune mara zurfin ruwa mai haske, yashi, dutsen ko ƙasa mai laka, kazalika da matattarar ruwa na wucin gadi masu wadataccen tsari mai gina jiki.
Idan kanaso ka kama kyan zinare na azurfa, yakamata ka neme shi a cikin kwatar baya, nesa da hayaniyar gari da manyan hanyoyi. Katifun azurfa suna iya jurewa da kewayon zazzabi mai zafi (0 zuwa 40 ° C), ƙananan matakan oxygen, da ruwa mai ɗan kaɗan. Halin katakon azurfa yana canzawa a lokuta daban-daban na shekara.
Yana da ban sha'awa!A lokacin kaka, idan zafin ruwan ya sauko kasa da 8 ° C, kifin yana tara layin mai. A lokacin shigowar yanayin sanyi (a lokacin hunturu), sai ya shiga bacci mai nauyi. Don yin wannan, kifin azurfa yana zaɓar ramuka masu zurfi a ƙasan tafki.
A lokacin bazara, ruwa ya cika da detritus da plankton, a wannan lokacin irin kifin na azurfa yana neman abinci bayan dogon kwanciyar hankali. Da farko, yana bincika zurfin kuma kawai lokacin da ruwan ya dumama har zuwa 24 ° C sai ya tashi zuwa saman.
A wannan lokacin, kifin, yunwa ke motsa shi, ya kama duk wani ƙugiya, yana mai saurin riskar sa. A ƙarshen Mayu, zaku iya kama shi a kan ɗan roba ko kuma sigarin sigari.
Tsawon rayuwa
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, irin kifin zinare na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20. Dangane da kiwo na masana'antu, wannan ba shi da riba, saboda haka, an kama shi don siyarwa bayan ya kai shekaru 2-3, lokacin da ya kai girman da ake so.
Nau'in irin kifi na azurfa
A cikin duka, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan azurfa na azurfa 3 - irin kifin azurfa, iri-iri da kuma matasan.
- Wakili na farko - Wannan kifi ne mai launi mai haske fiye da na danginsa. Girman jikinsa matsakaici ne. Kan yana ɗaukar 15-20% na nauyin jiki duka. Wannan nau'in kifin mai cin ganyayyaki ne, saboda yana ciyarwa ne kawai akan phytoplankton.
- Wakili na biyu - mutum mafi girma, tare da babban kai. Nauyinsa kusan rabin duka nauyin jikin ne. Ba ta da zaɓi sosai a cikin zaɓin abincin da take ci, tana cin abinci biyu da kuma na jiki.
- Duba na ƙarshe - samfurin ci gaban makiyaya. Ya shagaltar da jimlar fa'idodin jinsunan da suka gabata. Haka kuma, wannan nau'in ya fi jure yanayin yanayin zafi ƙarancin ruwa. Yana da karamin kai kamar katifan azurfa, yayin da jiki ke girma zuwa babban girma.
Bambance-bambance a cikin jinsuna, kamar yadda muka lura, ba wai kawai a cikin gani da girmansu ba, har ma da abubuwan da ake so. Wakilan jinsuna daban-daban sun fi son abinci daban-daban, waɗanda za mu yi magana game da su dalla-dalla nan gaba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
An fara yin kifin zinare a Amurka a cikin shekarun 1970s. An yi rajistarsa a wurare da yawa a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Suna zaune kuma suna kiwo a cikin Kogin Mississippi. Cararfin zinaren ya samo asali ne daga manyan koguna a gabashin Asiya. Katifun Azurfa cikakken mazaunin Tekun Fasifik ne, daga China zuwa Gabas ta Gabas ta Rasha kuma, mai yiwuwa, Vietnam. An gabatar da su a duk faɗin duniya, gami da Mexico, Amurka ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, Manyan Antilles, Tsibiran Pasifik, Turai da duk na Asiya a waje da yanayin su.
Wani mai sayar da kifin Arkansas ne ya fara gabatar da shi ga Amurka a shekarar 1973. Anyi wannan don sarrafa matakin katako a cikin tafkunan, kuma a wannan lokacin anyi amfani da kifin azurfa azaman kifin abinci.
Zuwa 1981, an gano shi a cikin ruwan ruwa na Arkansas, mai yiwuwa sakamakon fitowar sa daga wuraren kiwon kifin. Katifun azurfa suna yaduwa cikin sauri tare da kogunan Kogin Mississippi, wanda aka ba da rahoto a cikin jihohi 12 goma sha biyu a Amurka.
An fara rubuta su a Iowa a cikin 2003 a cikin ruwan Kogin Des Moines, amma kuma sun rayu a cikin kogin Mississippi da Missouri. Ya kuma sami tushe a yankin Turai na Rasha. Bayan haka, sun fara ƙaddamar da shi a cikin kogunan Rasha da Ukraine.
Kayan cin abinci irin na Azurfa
Kifin kifi na azurfa yana cin abinci ne kawai na tsire-tsire, menu ya ƙunshi phytoplankton... Mafi dadin abincin shi a gare shi shine algae mai shuɗi-shuɗi, yana ɗaukar dukkan ruwan sabo tare da farkon zafi. Godiya ga wannan, irin kifin azurfa bako ne na maraba da wuraren ajiyar ruwa, tunda cin waɗannan algae yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar babban tushen cututtuka a cikin tafkin.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Cincin irin kifin na azurfa ya dogara da shekarunsa da nau'ikansa. Waɗannan sune galibi tsire-tsire da dabbobin plankton.
Karfin azurfa yayi kama da wanda yake son mai cin ganyayyaki. Amma, tare da phytoplankton, ƙaramin abinci na asalin dabbobi shima ya shiga cikin sa. Godiya ga irin wadataccen abincin nan, yana girma da sauri, ya kai girman girma fiye da irin kifi na azurfa.
Ayyukan masu kiwo na Rasha a kan kiwo irin kifin na azirfa, godiya ga ƙetare nau'ikan jinsunan nan biyu da muka ambata, sun ba da 'ya'ya. Wannan ya taimaka wajen haɗa cancantar su a cikin sifa ɗaya.
Shugaban kangararren katako na azurfa ba shi da girma kamar na bambance bambancen, yayin da yake da girmansa. Hakanan menu nata ya fi fadi. Baya ga tsire-tsire da dabbobin plankton, ya haɗa da ƙananan ɓawon burodi. A lokaci guda, tsarin narkar da abinci ya dace da cakuda abinci na musamman don kiwo na wucin gadi.
Mafi kyawun yanayi don kama irin kifin azurfa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin cikakkiyar nutsuwa da ruwan dumi. Mafi girma shi ne, ƙwarewar kifin yana rayarwa sosai, yana iyo kusa da ruwan dumi mai zafi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
An gabatar da katun na azurfa zuwa Amurka, musamman ga Arkansas, a cikin 1973, da nufin sarrafa phytoplankton a cikin jikin ruwa, da ruwan sha, da kuma lagoons. Jim kaɗan bayan haka, an tashe su a cibiyoyin bincike na jama'a da wuraren kiwon kifin na sirri. Zuwa 1980s, an sami katako na azurfa a cikin ruwan buɗewa a cikin Kogin Mississippi, mai yuwuwa saboda sakin jigon kifi yayin ambaliyar.
Katakai na azurfa sun balaga a shekaru 3-5. Lokacin saduwa yakan fara ne a watan Yuni, tunda a wannan lokacin ruwan ya kai zafin da ya fi dacewa - 18-20 ° C. Sanyi na iya lalata ci gaban ƙwai, don haka kifi nemi wuri inda yake da dumi.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Salmon ruwan hoda (Onchorhynсhus gоrbusсha)
- Rabare gama gari
- Kifin Rotan (Perssottus glienii)
- Kifin Kifi
Caranƙara na azurfa yana da ƙwazo sosai Dangane da girman mutum, zasu iya ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai 500,000 zuwa 1,000,000. Matar katako ta azurfa a hankali tana sanya su cikin algae don su iya haɗuwa. Tsawon sabon haifaffen soya bai fi mm 5.5 ba. An haife su tuni kwana ɗaya bayan kwan ƙwai. Bayan kwanaki 4, soyayyen sun riga sun ji yunwa kuma suna shirye su ci. A wannan lokacin, gill din da ke da alhakin sikan katako daga ruwa sun fara zama a cikin sa. Yaren da aka kera shi kuma ya zama irin kifin na azurfa ya sauya zuwa wasu nau'ikan abinci ne kawai bayan wata daya da rabi, kuma fari yana cin abincin phytoplankton.
Makiya na halitta
Ba shi da abokan gaba kadan, amma karfan azurfa kansa na iya haifar da matsala, ga wasu mazaunan ruwa, da kuma masunta kansu da ke farautar sa. A cikin daji, irin kifi na azurfa na iya yin barna ga nau'ikan 'yan ƙasa yayin da suke cin abinci a kan plankton da ake buƙata don kifin larval da mussels su rayu. Hakanan karen katun Azurfa yana zama barazana ga masu kwale-kwalen saboda "son tsalle".
Yana da ban sha'awa!Kayan katun Azurfa abin maraba ne ga kowane masunci. Saboda haka, yawansu a cikin daji kadan ne. A cikin yanayin masana'antu ko kiwo, akwai wadatattun su.
Katifan azurfa yana yin tasiri baƙon abu ga surutai masu kaifi. Misali, jin ƙarar jirgin ruwa ko oar da ke bugar ruwa, kifin ya yi tsalle sama da saman ruwan. Tunda waɗannan kifaye na iya yin girma zuwa girma, yana iya zama haɗari ga mutumin da ke cikin jirgin ruwan. Katifun Azurfa na iya ɗauke da cututtuka da yawa, kamar su tekun Asiya, wanda za a iya watsa shi ga wasu nau'in kifayen.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Ba a cika sauran katifu azurfa ba. A lokaci guda, suna haɓaka danginsu masu ɗorewa da ƙwarewa sosai a kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha da haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da yanayin waɗannan yankuna.
A wasu jihohin Amurka, akasin haka, akwai gwagwarmaya mai aiki tare da waɗannan nau'ikan kifin. Babu ɗayan nau'ikan kifayen azurfa da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja, kuma babu takamaiman bayanai kan yawan wannan nau'in.
Darajar kasuwanci
Yawancin gonakin kifi suna yin kiwo irin na azurfa. Suna samun jituwa da sauran kifaye, suna girma zuwa manyan girma, sannan kuma suna taimakawa tsaftace tafki, suna taka rawar tsarukan tsari. Wannan nau'in kiwo ana daukar sa da riba sosai, musamman a kan ma'aunin masana'antu. Kasancewar irin kifin zinare a cikin tabki ya ninka ninki biyu na yawan kifin.
Nama irin kifin kifi na cike da abubuwan gina jiki... Gaskiya ne, yana ɗanɗana ƙasa da ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa. Za a iya cinye kifin azurfa koda tare da rage cin abinci yayin cututtuka na ɓangaren hanji. Babban fa'idodi ya ta'allaka ne da wadataccen abun ciki na omega-3 da omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Wadannan abubuwa suna taimakawa cikin aikin tsarin zuciya, ci gaban rigakafi, da kiyaye kyawawan halaye da kuruciya ta jiki. Nama mai wadataccen ma'adanai da bitamin yana inganta samar da haemoglobin, yana inganta tasirin antioxidant a jiki.
Kayan kifi na azurfa shine kifi na musamman don abinci mai gina jiki na waɗanda ke son rasa nauyi. A lokacin dafa abinci na zafin jiki, ya rasa wani ɓangare na abun cikin kalori. 100g na samfurin da aka gama ya ƙunshi kusan adadin kuzari 78. Kayan katun Azurfa yana da wadataccen furotin, kuma yawan mai shi yayi kama da na kifin teku. Mutane da ke fama da ciwon sukari suna jin daɗin jita-jita daga irin wannan kifin. Yawan shan su na taimakawa wajen rage yawan sukarin jini.
Mahimmanci!Irin wannan kifin na iya zama mai dauke da cututtukan da ke haifar da metagonimiasis lokacin da aka sha su. Suna kama da tsutsotsi masu ƙananan ƙanƙan baya, girman 1 mm, wanda ya samu nasarar samun tushen cikin hanjin.
Yayin kamuwa da cuta kuma yayin da suke bunkasa a cikin hanji, lalacewar membrane ta mucous yana faruwa. A sakamakon haka, ciwon ciki, gudawa, tashin zuciya da amai sun bayyana. Ba tare da taimakon likita ba, kamuwa da cutar na iya ci gaba a cikin hanjin har zuwa shekara 1.
