Abu ne mai wuya a iya tunanin, amma da zarar an dauki weasel a matsayin dabba ta gida - Romawa suka fara shi da fatan kawar da kananan beraye. Gaskiya ne, da shigewar lokaci, kuliyoyi da kuliyoyi sun kori mai farautar daga zukata da gidajen tsofaffin masarautar Rome.
Bayanin weasel
Weasel na yau da kullun (Mustela nivalis) yana wakiltar jinsin Weasel da ƙoshin lafiya, memba na dangin marten, kuma shine mafi ƙarancin mai cin ƙasar. Maza suna girma zuwa 16-26 cm kuma suna da nauyin 50-250 g, mata suna daga 30 zuwa 110 g tare da tsayin 11.5-21 cm.
Bayyanar
Fiye da duka, weasel yayi kama da ermine da gishirin gishiri, amma ya bambanta da su a cikin ƙarami da takamaiman bayani.... Masana kimiyyar halitta sun lura da bayyanar maciji, wanda aka kirkireshi saboda wata siraran jiki mai gajeriyar kafafu da motsi masu rarrafe (lokacin da weasel ke hawa tsakanin duwatsu ko mataccen itace). Hakanan an jaddada kamanceceniya da maciji ta wata doguwar wuya mai ƙarfi (ta ɗan fi siririya fiye da jiki), an ɗora mata taƙaitaccen kai tare da ƙaramar muzzabi da zagaye, kunnuwa masu faɗi, da kyar suke fitowa sama.
Weasel yana da duhu, idanu masu sheƙi (kamar dai an ɗan gushe) da kuma hanci, da ƙyar a hanci. Wutsiya takaice (a tsakanin 1.2-8.7 cm), daidai da launi na baya (sabanin ermine, wanda yake da bakin baƙi). Makamin sinadarin asirin na weasel yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin jelar - gland wanda ke samar da ruwa tare da ƙanshin fushi.
Mahimmanci! Launi na sutura ya bambanta a cikin hunturu da bazara. Ta sanyin, weasel ya zama fari fat a arewa kuma wani ɓangare a kudu. Fur daidai yake da kauri a lokacin sanyi da bazara, amma gashin hunturu ya fi na rani tsayi da tsayi.
A lokacin bazara, dabbar tana nuna launin launi mai launi biyu tare da farin kasa (bangarorin ciki na gabar wata gabar da kuma wani sashinta) da kuma saman duhu (tare da bambancin launin ruwan kasa, ya danganta da yankin). Canjin launi daga sama zuwa kasa yana da kaifi.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Weasel yana rayuwa kuma yana ciyarwa a ƙananan ƙananan yanki na 0.5-1 ha. Bgame daBa ta buƙatar yanki mafi girma, tunda mai farauta yana rarrafe bayan farauta cikin kowane, ko da ƙarami, burrows. Weasel kanta ba ta haƙa ramuka - ƙananan ƙafafun hannu da ƙafafun kaifi ba su dace da irin wannan aikin ba. A matsayin masu ruɓi na ɗan lokaci, ɓoye daga haɗari, dabbar tana amfani da dutsen farko na ɓarna ko ƙwayar da ta ci karo da shi.
A kan makircinsa, weasel kuma yana ba da mafaka da yawa na dindindin, wanda (ban da ramuka linzamin kwamfuta) ya zama:
- fanko a cikin masu sanya duwatsu;
- rick;
- itace;
- kwanciya itace;
- da gine-gine;
- low-kwance rami.
Kogon yawanci ana yin layi dashi da busasshiyar ganye da ciyawa, da gansakuka. Ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a ƙasa, yana gujewa buɗe wuraren buɗe ido lokacin da yake zagaye ƙirar nasa kuma ya gwammace ya kasance kusa da daji da sauran mafaka na halitta.
Weasel ya bambanta ta hanyar saurin amsawa da saurin motsi, gami da bin wanda aka cuta. Mai farauta yana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau kuma yana iyo da kyau, amma don ɗan gajeren nisa. Yana tafiya har zuwa kilomita 2 a kowace rana, kuma a lokacin sanyi, idan dusar ƙanƙara da yawa ta faɗo, sai tayi ta yawo a cikin fanko.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Sawu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara abu ne mai sauƙin ganewa: weasel yayin tsalle yana sanya ƙafafuwansa biyu ("ninki biyu"), yayin da prancing ermine ya bar bugawar ƙafafu uku ("troites").
Halin halayyar weasel shine motsi na tsalle, na al'ada na duk ƙananan weasels... Tsawon tsalle tsaka tsayi yakai kusan 20-25 cm, lokacin motsawa daga makiya - zuwa 40-50 cm Weasel yana farauta ba dare ba rana dare, musamman ma inda babu wata barazanar ta waje daga gare shi. A cikin zafin rai na farauta, wani lokacin takan lalata kaji, hawa cikin gidajen kaji, wanda, amma, ana yawan gafarta mata saboda yawan kashe berayen.
Har yaushe weasels ke rayuwa
An tsara ƙarfin Weasel na shekaru 5. Da yawa zata iya rayuwa a cikin daji, idan ba don cututtuka ba, mafarauta, manyan mahauta da wasu dalilai masu ma'ana da ke haifar da dabbobi zuwa saurin mutuwa. A zahiri, matsakaiciyar rayuwar weasel tayi ƙasa da matsakaiciya kuma daidai take da watanni 10-12.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Weasel ta mamaye dukkan nahiyoyin dake Arewacin duniya. Ana iya samun dabbobi a yankuna na ƙasa kamar:
- Eurasia, ban da Indochina;
- Arewacin Amurka (ban da hamada ta kudu da Kudancin Arctic Arpepelago);
- arewa maso yammacin Afirka (tsaunukan Atlas).
Masana ilmin namun daji suna magana game da bayyananniyar canjin yanayin weasel. Misali, mafi kankanta da duhu dabbobi masu gajerun jela suna rayuwa a dazukan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Siberia, arewacin Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Ya fi girma (sau 3-4) da weasels masu launin haske tare da doguwar jela suna zaune a yankunan busassun ƙasashen Asiya (Tsakiya / Gabas), da kuma Bahar Rum (arewacin Afirka, kudancin Turai da kudu maso yammacin Asiya).
Mahimmanci! Dabbobin kudanci ba su da irin wannan gasa ta abinci kamar ermine, kuma suna farautar manyan ƙananan beraye (squirrels, jerboas and gerbils), waɗanda arewacin weasels ba za su iya jurewa ba.
A cikin Rasha, weasel, saboda yanayin rashin daidaituwarsa, ya bazu kuma ya dace da yawancin yankuna masu faɗin ƙasa. Mai farautar yana guje wa tsaunukan dusar ƙanƙara kawai da hamada mara iyaka, inda ba a samun shahidai bisa ƙa'ida.
A wasu wuraren da ƙananan beraye ke rayuwa (steppe / forest-steppe, gandun daji iri daban-daban, tundra, hamada da duwatsu zuwa tsaunuka masu tsayi), ana iya samun weasels. Dabbar ba ta tsoron mutum: an ga wea a cikin wuraren shakatawa na megalopolises, gami da murabba'i / wuraren shakatawa na babban birni.
Abincin weasel
Weasel ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mahimman ƙwararrun masu lalata sosai saboda biyayyar ta da ƙananan beraye.... Dabbar tana son farauta a cikin duhu (da yamma da daddare), amma ba zai rasa damar cin abinci da rana ba. Dabbobi ba su san gajiya ba, bincika ciyawa da buhunan ciyawa, bincika raƙuman iska da karkatattun rhizomes, shiga cikin dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi.
Bayan yayi tuntuɓe a kan wani yanki na ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, weasel ɗin ya ɓace na dogon lokaci a cikin ramin ƙasa na waɗanda ke fama da shi, yana saran kowane hanci. Tafiya cikin rami, mai farauta lokaci-lokaci yakan kama kuma ya cinye shrew, wanda sauran masu cin gandun daji ke ƙyama. A hanyar, na biyun kuma suna ba weasel abinci, ba tare da sun sani ba: yana yin liyafa da yardar rai akan tarkacensu.
Matsakaicin abincin weasel ya ƙunshi dabbobi irin su:
- mice, gami da filayen ɓera - ratsi na tsakiya;
- hamsters - yankin steppe;
- gerbils - yankin hamada;
- kajin da kwai (weasels suna tsotse kayan cikin su, suna yin ramuka da yawa);
- ƙananan kifi da amphibians (kawai a cikin lokutan yunwa).
Mazaunan Yankin Primorsky suna lura da yadda wasu lokuta wasu abubuwa ke ganowa a gabar teku don neman tarkacen abinci da igiyar ruwa ta kawo.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An tabbatar da cewa weasel yana kashe wanda aka azabtar ta hanyar cizon kansa a bayan kansa, sannan ya fara cin sassan mafi yawan kalori na gawar. A cikin linzamin linzamin kwamfuta, wannan shine zafin nama tare da mahimmin tarin mai.
Wannan dalilin ne yasa weasel ke yin biki a farko akan gabobin ciki kamar na bera sannan kawai sai ya gwada sauran guntun gawar.
Mai farauta ba koyaushe yake cin abinci a cikin ramin da yake samun abin farauta ba. Wani lokacin takan ja mata fewan hundredan mita zuwa gidanta don cin abinci cikin kwanciyar hankali. Koda nauyin nauyin, wanda sau da yawa daidai yake da rabin nauyinsa, baya hana ƙauna.
Tare da wadataccen abinci, weasel yana adana shi, yana mai da ɗayan mafakan matsayinta zuwa rumfar ajiya. A cikin irin wannan kantin sayar da kayan masarufin, tana adana daga 1 zuwa 30 wadanda aka kashe.
Makiya na halitta
Weasel kusan ba shi da kariya daga manyan dabbobin daji, na duniya da na tsuntsaye. Sau da yawa, karnuka waɗanda suka ɓace, musamman ma ƙananan dabbobi.
Weasels kuma sun shiga cikin rajistar abokan gaba:
- kerk andci da fox;
- mujiya da mujiya;
- mikiya mai hango;
- gaggafa ta zinariya da farin mikiya;
- pine marten,
- lamba;
- kare raccoon.
Mafarautan sun ce musamman weasels mai ban tsoro a wasu lokuta yakan iya yin yaki har ma da kifi: a cewar shaidun gani da ido, dabbobin suna gudanar da cizon makwarwar tsuntsaye daidai a sama.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ba a san kaɗan game da yadda weasels ke saduwa. Tabbatacce ne kawai cewa namiji yana rufe abokan tarayya da yawa, kuma lokacin saduwa yana da matukar damuwa kuma ya dogara da wadatar abinci. Matasa mata suna yin ciki duk shekara, kuma tsofaffin mata daga bazara zuwa kaka (tare da girmamawa ga Afrilu). Mace ce ke shirya gida don haihuwa, tana rufe shi da gansakuka, ganye da ciyawa: bayan wata daya, daga cuba cuban 4 zuwa 10 sun bayyana a nan, an rufe su da farin ƙasa.
Bayan ɗan lokaci, gashi tare da rani mai launi biyu mai raɗaɗi a wurinsa. Jarirai suna girma da sauri: a sati 3, hakoran madara suna zubewa kuma idanunsu a bude, kuma tuni a makwanni 4, dawainiyar ta amsa barazanar ta hanyar sakin sirrin kaifi da sautin hayaniya.
Mahimmanci! Uwa ba da son kai tana kare gida gida idan akwai haɗari. Idan za ta yiwu, weasel ya ja shi zuwa wani wuri, mafi aminci.
Yayinda yake da makonni 2-4, theasan suna cin abincin da mahaifiyarsa ta yayyaga - ilhami mai farautar ya farka bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan. A makonni 5, samartaka suna iya yanka berayen da aka kashe saboda su, kuma a ƙarshen mako na 7th suna iya farautar ƙananan beraye da kansu.
Kafin barin gida, yara suna bincika abubuwan da ke kewaye, suna yawo da mahaifiyarsu... Yayinda abin da yake biyo baya ya ɓace, samarin samari suna amfani da motsawa kai tsaye.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A halin yanzu, weasel ba ya wakiltar kowane darajar kasuwanci, amma lokaci-lokaci yakan shiga cikin kayan kamun kifi da aka shirya don dabbobi masu ɗauke da fur. Amma ba zai yuwu a wuce gona da iri kan muhimmancin halittu a cikin rawar da ake ciki na wargaza beraye masu kama da bera wanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga harkar noma. Masana ilmin namun daji suna ba da shawara ga cikakken kariya ga yawan weasel a duniya.
