Wani baƙon dabba yana zaune a cikin Ostiraliya - yana kama da na goro, yana ci kamar antar, ya yi ƙwai kamar tsuntsu, kuma yana ɗauke da yara a cikin jakar fata kamar kangaroo. Wannan shine echidna, wanda sunansa ya fito daga tsohuwar Girkanci ἔχιδνα "maciji".
Bayanin echidna
Akwai jinsi 3 a cikin dangin echidnova, ɗayan (Megalibgwilia) ana ɗaukarsa a bace... Har ila yau, akwai jinsi na Zaglossus, inda ake samun prochidnas, da kuma jinsi na Tachyglossus (Echidnas), wanda ya kunshi jinsi guda - Australian echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Wannan masanin ne daga Burtaniya, George Shaw, wanda ya bayyana wannan dabba mai shayarwa a cikin 1792.
Bayyanar
Echidna yana da madaidaitan sigogi - tare da nauyin kilogiram 2.5-5, ya kai kimanin 30-45 cm. Onlyungiyoyin Tasmaniya ne kawai suka fi girma, waɗanda wakilansu ke haɓaka rabin mita. Headananan kan yana haɗuwa cikin nutsuwa cikin jiki, an yi shi da allurai masu kauri 5-6 cm wanda ya ƙunshi keratin. Allura masu launin rawaya ne kuma launuka masu launin rawaya (galibi ana haɗa su da baki a dubar). Ana haɗu da spines tare da m launin ruwan kasa ko ulu baƙar fata.
Dabbobi ba su da gani sosai, amma kyakkyawan ƙanshin ji da ji: kunnuwa na ɗaukar tsawa-tsawan ƙasa a cikin ƙasa, waɗanda tururuwa da tarko ke fitarwa. Echidna ya fi wayon kusa da shi wayon platypus, saboda kwakwalwarta ta sami ci gaba kuma ta haɗu da ƙarin rikice-rikice. Echidna yana da abin bakin ciki mai ban dariya tare da bakin agwagwa (7.5 cm), idanu masu duhu da kunnuwa marasa ganuwa a karkashin gashin. Cikakken tsawon harshen shine 25 cm, kuma lokacin kama ganima, yakan tashi 18 cm.
Mahimmanci! Gajeren wutsiya yana da siffa kamar kara. A karkashin jelar akwai cloaca - buɗaɗɗɗe guda ɗaya wanda mafitar al'aura, fitsari da kuma najasar dabba ke fitowa.
Theuntatattun gabobin sun ƙare da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka daidaita don kutsawa cikin tuddai da tono ƙasa. Theafafun ƙafafun na baya suna ɗan ɗan tsayi: tare da taimakonsu, dabbar tana tsabtace ulu, tana 'yanta ta daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Limafannun gabobi na manyan samari masu ɗimbin yawa suna sanye da yanayi mai kauri - ba kamar yadda ake ji da su kamar yadda ake yi a cikin platypus ba, kuma kwata-kwata ba da guba.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Echidna ba ta son faranta ranta, tana ɓoye ta ga bare. An san cewa dabbobi ba su da sadarwa kuma sam ba su da yanki: suna rayuwa su kadai, kuma idan suka yi karo da juna ba zato ba tsammani, sai su kan watse a wurare daban-daban. Dabbobin ba su tsunduma cikin haƙa ramuka da shirya gidajan gida, amma don dare / hutawa sukan shirya inda za su:
- a wurin sanya duwatsu;
- a karkashin tushen;
- a cikin daskoki mai yawa;
- a cikin rami na sare itatuwa;
- duwatsu masu duwatsu;
- burrows da zomaye da mahaifa suka bari.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin zafi na bazara, echidna yana buya a mafaka, tunda jikinsa bai dace da zafin ba saboda rashin glandan da gumin jiki da ƙarancin yanayin jiki (kawai 32 ° C). Thearfin echidna ya kusa zuwa magariba, idan aka ji sanyi a kusa.
Amma dabbar ta zama mai rauni ba kawai a cikin zafi ba, har ma da zuwan kwanakin sanyi. Haske mai sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara suna sanya ku yin bacci na tsawon watanni 4. Tare da karancin abinci, echidna na iya fama da yunwa sama da wata guda, yana kashe ajiyar kitsen mai.
Nau'in echidnova
Idan mukayi magana game da echidna na Australiya, yakamata mu ambaci sunayan biyar daga cikin ƙasashe, mabanbanta wurin zama:
- Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus - Tasmania da tsibirai da yawa na Bass Strait;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus - Tsibirin Kangaroo;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus - New South Wales, Queensland da Victoria;
- Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion - Yammacin Ostiraliya da Yankin Arewa
- Tachyglossus aculeatus lawesii - New Guinea kuma wani ɓangare na gandun daji na arewa maso gabashin Queensland.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Echidna na Ostiraliya ya kawata jerin jerin tambura na Australiya da yawa. Kari akan haka, ana nuna dabbar akan tsabar kudin Australiya 5 cent.
Tsawon rayuwa
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, wannan dabba mai shayarwa ba ta wuce shekaru 13-17 ba, wanda aka dauke shi a matsayin babban mai nuna alama. Koyaya, a cikin bauta, rayuwar echidna ya kusan ninki uku - akwai abubuwan da suka gabata lokacin da dabbobi a gidan zoo suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 45.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A yau, kewayon dangin Echidnova ya mamaye duk yankin Ostiraliya, tsibirai da ke Bass Strait da New Guinea. Duk wani yanki inda yake da wadataccen wurin kiwo ya dace da zama na echidna, ya zama gandun daji mai zafi ko daji (mafi sau da yawa hamada).
Echidna yana jin kariya a ƙarƙashin murfin tsire-tsire da ganye, don haka ya fi son wurare masu ciyayi mai yawa. Ana iya samun dabbar a ƙasar noma, a cikin birane har ma da wuraren da ke da tsaunuka inda wani lokacin kan dusar kankara.
Abincin Echidna
Don neman abinci, dabbar ba ta gajiya da tursasa tururuwa da tuddan dusar ƙanƙara, cire ɓawon ɓawon daga kututtukan da suka ruɓe, bincika cikin dajin da juya duwatsu. Babban menu echidna ya hada da:
- tururuwa;
- tururuwa;
- kwari;
- kananan molluscs;
- tsutsotsi
Wani ƙaramin rami a ƙarshen bakin yana buɗewa kawai mm 5, amma baken da kansa yana da aiki mai mahimmanci - yana karɓar sigina masu rauni daga filin lantarki da ke fitowa daga ƙwari.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dabbobi biyu masu shayarwa, platypus da echidna, suna da irin wannan na'urar ta lantarki wacce ke dauke da injunan inji da na lantarki.
Harshen echidna shima abin lura ne, yana da saurin har zuwa motsi 100 a minti daya kuma an rufe shi da wani abu mai ɗanko wanda tururuwa da tururuwa suke makalewa.... Don fitar da kaifi waje, ƙwayoyin madauwari suna da alhakin (ta hanyar yin kwangila, suna canza fasalin harshe kuma suna tura shi gaba) da kuma tsokoki guda biyu waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin tushen harshen da ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Gudun jini da sauri yana sanya harshe ƙarfi. An sanya ritayar zuwa tsokoki biyu na tsawo.
Matsayin haƙoran da suka ɓace ana buga su ne da keratin denticles, waɗanda ke shafa abin cin abincin akan ɓarkewar tsefe. Tsarin yana ci gaba a cikin ciki, inda ake shafa abinci da yashi da tsakuwa, waɗanda echidna ke haɗiye a gaba.
Makiya na halitta
Echidna yayi iyo sosai, amma baya gudu sosai, kuma ya sami tsira daga hadari ta hanyar tsaron kurma. Idan ƙasa ta yi laushi, dabbar za ta binne kanta a ciki, ta dunƙule cikin ƙwallo da nufin ɗagawa makiya ƙarfi da yaji.
Kusan ba zai yuwu a fitar da echidna daga rami - tsayayya ba, tana yaɗa allurai kuma tana kan ƙafafunta. Juriyar ta raunana sosai a cikin yankuna masu budewa da kuma a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarfi: ƙwararrun predan dabba suna ƙoƙarin buɗe ƙwallon, da nufin zuwa ciki mai ɗan buɗe kaɗan.
Jerin abokan gaba na echidna sun hada da:
- karnukan dingo;
- dawakai;
- saka idanu kadangaru;
- Shaidanun Tasmaniya;
- kuliyoyi da karnuka.
Mutane basa farautar echidna, tunda tana da nama mai ɗanɗano da Jawo, wanda kwata-kwata bashi da amfani ga fushin.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin saduwa (ya dogara da yankin) yana faruwa ne a lokacin bazara, bazara ko farkon kaka. A wannan lokacin, wani ƙamshi mai ƙamshi yana fitowa daga dabbobi, wanda maza ke samun mata. 'Yancin zabi ya kasance tare da mace. A cikin makonni 4, ta zama cibiyar manyan mata, wanda ya kunshi masu neman aure 7-10, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba suna bin ta, suna hutawa da kuma cin abinci tare.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mace, wacce ke shirye don saduwa, ta kwanta a ƙasa, kuma masu neman su zagaye ta su haƙa ƙasa. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, ramin zobe (zurfin 18-25 cm) yana kewaye da amaryar.
Maza suna turawa kamar masu kokawa akan tatami, suna ƙoƙarin tilasta masu fafatawa daga cikin ramin ƙasa... Yaƙin ya ƙare lokacin da mai nasara kawai ya kasance a ciki. Dabino yana faruwa a gefe kuma yana ɗaukar awa ɗaya.
Aringaukewar yana tsawon kwanaki 21-28. Mahaifiyar mai ciki tana gina burrow, galibi tana tona shi a ƙarƙashin tsohuwar tudun tururuwa / turmi ko kuma a ƙarƙashin tarin ganyayen lambu kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Echidna yana yin kwai guda daya (13-17 mm a diamita da kuma nauyin 1.5 g). Bayan kwana 10, puggle (cub) mai tsayin 15 mm kuma nauyin 0.4-0.5 g ƙyanƙyashewa daga can. Idanun jariri an rufe shi da fata, gaɓoɓin baya ba su da ci gaba, amma waɗanda ke gaba suna da yatsu.
Yatsun hannu ne ke taimaka wa dan fashin ya yi kaura daga bayan jakar uwa zuwa gaba, inda yake neman filin madarar. Madarar Echidna tana da launin ruwan hoda saboda yawan ƙarfinta.
Sabbin jarirai suna girma cikin sauri, suna ƙaruwa nauyinsu zuwa kilogiram 0.4 a cikin wata biyu, ma'ana, sau 800-1000. Bayan kwanaki 50-55, waɗanda aka rufe da ƙaya, suka fara rarrafe daga cikin jakar, amma uwar ba ta barin ɗanta ba tare da kulawa ba har sai ya kai wata shida.
A wannan lokacin, thean tsuntsun yana zaune a cikin masauki kuma yana cin abincin da mahaifiya ta kawo. Ciyarwar madara na dauke da kimanin kwanaki 200, kuma tuni a watanni 6-8 wanda ya girma echidna ya bar burrow din don rayuwa mai zaman kansa. Haihuwa na faruwa a shekara 2-3. Echidna yana hayayyafa sau da yawa - sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru 2, kuma bisa ga wasu rahotanni - sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-7.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Yawan echidna kusan ba ya shafar ci gaban ƙasa da share su don amfanin gona. Manyan tituna da rarrabuwa daga mazaunin da lalacewa ta yau da kullun ya kasance suna da haɗari ga jinsunan. Dabbobin da aka gabatar har ma da tsutsa Spirometra erinaceieurouroi, kuma an shigo da su daga Turai kuma suna haifar da mummunar haɗari ga nau'in, suna rage yawan.
Suna ƙoƙari su hayayyafa dabbobi a cikin fursuna, amma har yanzu waɗannan yunƙurin sun yi nasara ne kawai a gidan zoo biyar, kuma har ma a lokacin babu ɗayan ɗayan da ya tsira zuwa balaga. A halin yanzu, ba a ɗaukar echidna na Australiya cikin haɗari - galibi ana iya samun sa a cikin dazukan Australia da Tasmania.
