Tsuntsu mai tashi sama, ko yawo mai tashi, ko kuda mai tashi (Pteromys volans) ƙaramin ɗan sanda ne wanda yake cikin dangin squirrels da kuma aji na dabbobi masu shayarwa. A halin yanzu, wannan shine wakili ɗaya tilo da aka samo daga cikin gidan Letyagi a cikin ƙasarmu.
Bayanin kwarton da ke tashi
A yau, masana sun rarrabe kusan manyan rabe-raben giraguzai masu tashi sama, waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin bambancin launin launin gashinsu, amma takwas daga cikinsu a halin yanzu ana samun su a Rasha.
Bayyanar
Tsuntsayen da ke tashi sama da kamanninsa suna kama da ƙaramar squirrel, amma tare da kasancewa tsakanin gaba da ƙafafun kafa na halayyar fata mai fadi, an rufe ta da ulu - wani nau'in "membrane mai yawo". Irin wannan membrane yana aiki a matsayin parachute kuma ana amfani dashi azaman ɗaukewa lokacin da rodent yayi tsalle. A gaba, irin wannan membrane yana da goyan baya ta dogon da jinjirin kashi wanda ya karu daga wuyan hannu kuma yayi daidai da tsayi zuwa girman yatsan hannu. Wutsiyar dabbar ta isa sosai, an rufe ta da fur mai kauri.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban banbanci da sauran mahaukatan da ke tashi sama shine cewa kudaren da ke yawo ba shi da membrane mai tashi sama tsakanin ƙasan jela da ƙafafun baya.
Girman babban kurege mai yawo kaɗan ne. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin ya bambanta tsakanin 12.0-22.8 cm tare da tsawon tsawon duka ɓangaren wutsiya na 11-13 cm. Tsayin ƙafa na ɗan iska mai tashi bai wuce 3.0-3.9 cm ba .. Matsakaicin nauyin jiki na baligi zai iya kaiwa 160- 170 g Tsuntsu mai tashi sama yana da kai da hancin hanci, haka nan kuma yana da girma da kumburi, idanun baki, wanda ya samu ne saboda rayuwar dare ko maraice.... Kunnuwa suna zagaye cikin sifa, ba tare da tassels ba. Duk gabobin da ke wakiltar dangin Flying squirrel ba su da gajarta, amma gabbai da gabobin hannu koyaushe sun fi na gaban gaba. Wsanƙun gajeru gajere ne, masu lanƙwasa mai ƙarfi, masu kaifi da ƙarfi.
Murfin fur na squirrel mai tashi yana da kauri da laushi, an faɗi siliki. Fushin irin wannan dabban daji ya fi laushi da kauri sosai fiye da na ɗan kurege. Sashin sama na jiki yana da launi a launuka masu launin azurfa-launin toka, galibi tare da kasancewar ocher ko ɗan ƙaramin launin ruwan kasa. Bottomasan jikin squirrel mai tashi fari ne, tare da halayyar ɗan fari. Akwai baki baki a kusa da idanun. Wutsiya tana da laushi sosai, an fi haske fiye da jiki, tare da gashin da ke da ɗan “tsefe” a wurare daban-daban. Gashi na hunturu musamman lush, a cikin tabarau daban-daban na launin toka-toka. Gudun ungulu masu tashi sau biyu a shekara.
Kuruciya salon
Rodwararren dabba daga dangin squirrel yana aiki a duk shekara kuma yana jagorantar rayuwar dare ko ta ɗagawa. Hakanan ɗayan 'ya'yan mata masu shayarwa da dabbobi na iya bayyana yayin rana. 'Yan ungulu masu tashi suna ciyar da wani ɓangare na lokacinsu don neman abinci. Tsuntsayen da ke tashi sama na yin gida a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, kuma yana amfani da wuraren da ake yin katako ko tsofaffin kujerun squirrel don wannan dalili. Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya samun tsuntsayen tsuntsu mai tashi a cikin wani wuri mai duwatsu ko kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, gami da gidajen tsuntsaye.
Gidajen kunkuru masu yawo iri-iri ne, lanƙwasa ta amfani da laushi mai laushi da gansakuka, da busassun ganye. A cikin gida gida, tsuntsayen da ke tashi sama sukan sauka ne cikin manya-manyan nau'i-nau'i, wanda cikakkiyar rashin tashin hankali da cikakkiyar zamantakewar irin waɗannan dabbobin daji suka bayyana. Dabba mai shayarwa ba ta da wasu yankuna na daban daban, amma ana nuna ta da hanyoyin ciyarwa na yau da kullun da daidaito. Yarinya mai shayarwa, a gefe guda, ta fi faɗa kuma tana da ikon kare gidanta daga masu farauta.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kasancewar kurege mai tashi sama na iya zama tabbatacce ta "latrines" na musamman a tsarin tsubbu, wanda yayi kama da kwayayen tururuwa mai launin rawaya mai haske.
Tare da kurege na yau da kullun, yan iska masu tashi suna ciyar da wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwarsu kai tsaye akan bishiyoyi, kuma da ƙyar su sauka zuwa saman duniya.... Meman fatar da ke tsakanin ƙashin baya da na ƙafafu na gaba yana ba dabba damar yin saurin sauka daga wannan bishiyar zuwa wancan, da sauri ya rufe nisan mita 50-60. Don tsallewa, mahaukatan sama suna hawa zuwa saman bishiyar. A yayin tashin jirgi, dabba mai shayarwa ta fadada gabanta sosai, kuma tana danne gabobin bayanta zuwa wutsiya, saboda hakan ne ya samar da "siliki mai kusurwa uku-uku" na kurar iska mai tashi. Ta hanyar canza tashin hankali na membrane, yawo masu kwokuru cikin sauki kuma mai motsawa sosai, yana canza alkiblar jirgin nasu da 90 °. Yawanci ana amfani da sashen wutsiya ne kawai don taka birki.
Squan tsuntsu mai tashi sama yakan sauka a kan bishiyar bishiyar tare da wani irin abu mai banƙyama, da farko dai yana ɗaukar tsaye kuma yana manne da dukkan ƙafafuwansa. Bayan ya sauko, dabba nan take sai ya koma wancan gefen bishiyar, wanda hakan ya sauwake wajan tsere tsuntsayen da ke neman abin farauta. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, tsuntsayen da ke yawo a hankali kuma cikin sauri suna hawa kututturan suna tsalle daga wani reshe zuwa wani, yana mai da wuya a ga irin wannan dan sanda a cikin daji.
Launi mai kariya na Jawo shima yana ba da gudummawa ga kariya, wanda ke taimakawa kunkuru mai tashi don haɗuwa da itaciyar. A cikin magariba, ana iya jin muryar kwarjin da ke tashi, wanda yake kama da ƙara da ƙara mara ƙarfi. Tare da farkon lokacin sanyi, ayyukan kwari masu tashi sama suna raguwa sosai.
Tsawon rayuwa
Kasusuwan burbushin halittar kudaje mai yawo ko ƙwarƙwara da aka sani tun zamanin Miocene. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar "karamin karamin malami" a cikin daji kusan shekaru hudu zuwa shida ne. Tare da kulawa mai kyau a cikin fursuna, dabba mai shayarwa zai iya rayuwa mafi tsayi sosai, kimanin shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyu.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Kura-kuren da ke yawo suna zaune a cikin tsofaffin yankuna dazuzzuka da ke hade da kayan marmari na aspens, kuma suna jin daɗi a cikin gandun daji na birch ko alder... A yankin ƙasar Turai na ƙasarmu, sun gwammace su ci gaba da gulbi ko rafuka tare da kasancewar tsire-tsire masu ban tsoro a bankunan. A cikin conifers, guguwar tashi ba safai ba.
A cikin yankin Siberia, yawan kuda mai tashi sama ko kangararre mai tashi sau da yawa yakan sauka a cikin manyan tsirrai masu tsire-tsire, kuma a cikin gandun daji-steppe na Yammacin Siberia, ya fi son gandun daji tef ko masu fitar birch. A bangaren arewa, dabba mai shayarwa tana manne wa yankin ciyawar ciyawar ruwa. Hakanan za'a iya samo shi a cikin tsaunuka, amma kawai a cikin gandun daji masu tsayi.
Yawo abinci mai gina jiki
Tushen abincin furotin mai tashi yana wakiltar ƙwayoyi masu yawa na katako, da kuma saman harbe-harbe, allurai matasa da ƙwayoyin conifers, gami da larch da pine. A lokacin rani, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cin 'ya'yan itace da namomin kaza. Wasu lokuta 'yan iska masu tashi suna gnaw a bakin siraran samari na willow ko aspen, birch da maple.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dabba mai shayarwa ba ya bacci, amma a kwanakin mafi tsananin sanyi sai ya zauna musamman a cikin gida, yana ciyar da abincin da aka tanada don lokacin sanyi.
Babban abincin shine "'yan kunne" na alder ko birch, waɗanda aka adana a cikin ramin azaman ajiyar hunturu. A cewar wasu rahotanni, ungulu mai tashi sama ma tana iya cin kajin da aka haifa, da kwai tsuntsaye, amma abincin ya banbanta sosai dangane da mafi kyawun halayen mazaunin.
Makiya na halitta
Dabbobi masu kyau da kanana a cikin mazauninsu suna fuskantar haɗari mai yawan gaske na kowane nau'in haɗari. Duk da cewa ungulu mai tashi, tabbas, mai sauƙin fahimta ne, ba koyaushe ke iya gujewa bin abokan gaba ba. Lynxes da weasels, da martens, ferrets, saltwort da tsuntsayen ganima, gami da falwa da mujiya, suna da haɗari musamman ga ƙawancen da ke tashi sama, ko ɓarnar tashi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ba a yi nazari sosai game da haifuwar kurege mai tashi sama ba, wanda hakan ya samo asali ne daga sirrin dabba da kuma salon rayuwar dare. Mace ta yawan kurege tana haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu zuwa hudu sau biyu a shekara. Lokacin haihuwa shine kimanin wata daya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dangane da lura, daga shekara hamsin, tsawan da ke tashi sama na iya tsara yadda yakamata, sabili da haka, yana canzawa gaba ɗaya zuwa tsarin abincin manya kuma ya zama mai cin gashin kansa.
Broungiyoyin farko na squan iska masu tasowa sun bayyana a cikin Afrilu ko Mayu, na biyu - a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Yuni ko farkon farkon Yuli. Yankunan dawa masu tashi sama suna makafi kuma tsirara ne, ba'a rufe su da gashi ba. Squan iska masu yawo suna gani kawai lokacin da suke makonni biyu, kuma bayan kimanin wata ɗaya da rabi, sun bar gidan iyayen.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Adadin jimillar kuɗaɗen da ke yawo ya yi kaɗan, saboda haka, farautar irin wannan wakilin da ba a saba gani ba na Flying Squirrel subfamily da jinsi na Eurasian masu tashi sama a halin yanzu an iyakance. Farin irin wannan dabba mai shayarwa kamar kuda mai tashi sama tana daga nau'ikan ƙarancin ƙima. Kodayake duk da kyawu na waje da laushi na murfin Jawo, yana da sirara da sikakken nama, wanda zai iya rikitar da aikinsa da gaske.
A cikin kamuwa, squirrels masu tashi sama suna da rauni sosai, tunda irin wannan ɗan sandar zai buƙaci samar da isasshen sarari don tashi da tsalle... Koyaya, aikin kama su don manufar siyar dasu azaman gida sanannen sananne ne a yankuna da yawa. Jimlar yawan jinsunan kwari da ke yawo a halin yanzu yana raguwa sosai a wasu yankuna na Rasha. A saboda haka ne aka sanya furotin mai canzawa a cikin littafin Red Book na wasu yankuna, gami da shafukan Littafin Ja na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan.
