Bayani da fasali
Narkakkun katantanwa Shin halittu ne wadanda suke da yawa a dabi'a kuma suna cikin nau'in molluscs na ruwa mai kyau. Kwayoyin halittarsu basu da rikitarwa. Mafi sanannen sanannen ɓangare daga cikinsu, wanda yakai kashi 90% na nauyin jiki, shine harsashi mai haske. A launi, yana iya zama launin ruwan kasa, ja, ruwan hoda ko sauran inuwa iri ɗaya.
Amma a cikin sifa dole ne ya karkace, kamar dai an daidaita shi daga ɓangarorin. Abun murfin sa, girma cikin girma, yana da kauri kusan 3 mm, an murɗa ɗaya sama da ɗayan. Adadin curls ya bambanta, farawa daga huɗu, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, lambar su ba ta wuce takwas ba. Wannan tsarin yana kama da abin nadi, wanda shine dalilin sunan duk wakilan dangin murfin.
Ana iya ɗaukar kwalliyar a matsayin kwarangwal na waje, harsashi ko ma gida, domin wannan sashin jiki mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da tsari iri-iri, an shirya shi ne don katantanwa don ɓoyewa ga masu shi daga haɗari da rashin dacewar duniyar waje.
Hakanan akwai ɓoyayyun gabobin ciki masu mahimmanci don rayuwa, wanda, idan ana so, ana iya kallon su ta cikin bangon translucent na harsashi. Daga cikinsu akwai manyan huhu, waɗanda ke ba da damar waɗannan katantanwa, mallakar umarnin halittun huhu, su shaƙar iska ta yau da kullun, kasancewa a waje da ruwa na wani lokaci, wanda har yanzu shine babban mazauninsu.
Ayyuka iri ɗaya, amma zuwa ƙarami, ana yin su a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta da fata. A cikin ruwa, ana aiwatar da numfashi ta wani nau'in gill, waɗanda kawai fata ce da jini ya huda ta hanyar jini.
Abubuwan da ke kunshe suna da ƙaramar zuciya da ke zagaya jini a cikin jiki, wanda, af, saboda tsarin katantanwa, sam ba ja. Hakanan akwai kumfar iska a cikin harsashi, wanda ke ba wa waɗannan, galibi, halittun ruwa, saboda canjin ƙararta, su sauka zuwa ƙasan yadda suke so, rage ƙarfin buoyancy, ko rush sama sama zuwa saman tafki saboda raguwar gaba ɗaya cikin yawa.
An haɗa tsokoki a cikin harsashi, kazalika da ninkawar fata - rigar rigar da ke haɗa harsashi da sauran jikin katantanwa, wanda galibi yana da kusan inuwa mai launi iri ɗaya kamar ta harsashin. Jikin kansa yana da tsayi da kuma taƙaitaccen fasali zuwa gaba.
Kan waɗannan irin halittu sanye take da madaidaiciyar labule da dogayen tantina waɗanda suke kama da ƙaho. A ƙarewar su idanuwan da basu da kyau, kawai zasu iya raba haske da duhu.
Kamar kowane katantanwa, waɗannan halittun suna tafiya a hankali a hankali a kan ƙafa ɗaya mai faɗi tare da taimakon murƙushewar muryoyi kamar tsokoki na tafin lebur, kuma lakar da aka ɓoye a cikin mutane da yawa na taimakawa ga zamiya cikin nasara. Bayyanar waɗannan halittu a bayyane yake a kan hoton katantanwa na hoto.
Irin
Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da ƙwazo sosai kuma suna da ƙarfi, sabili da haka suna wanzuwa kuma suna samun nasara cikin ɗimbin yanayi, wani lokaci a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa irin waɗannan katantanwa suka zama kusan a duk duniya, ƙari ma, galibi suna samun kansu a wuraren da ba a zata ba, misali, a cikin akwatin kifayen ruwa, inda za su iya samun cikakken haɗari.
Girman katantanwa a cikin kananan matattarar ruwa yawanci bai wuce santimita ba, kuma diamita daga bawonsu bai wuce 7 mm ba. Kodayake a cikin yanayin daji akwai samfurin, tsayinsa ya kai cm 4. Bugu da ƙari, ba wai kawai girmansu ba, amma kuma bayyanar su ta ɗan bambanta da mazaunan akwatin kifaye.
Akwai daban-daban nau'ikan murfin katantanwa... Yawan nau'ikan suna da yawa, kuma dukkan su ana haɗuwa daga dozin iri da yawa a cikin dangin haɗin gwiwa. Mafi shaharar kuma yaɗu daga cikinsu, zamu ba da kwatanci na musamman.
1. Murfin ƙaho na duka dangin ana ɗaukar su mafi girma. Bawo daga irin waɗannan halittun a farkon matakan ci gaban mutum yana da sifa iri ɗaya, kuma daga baya ne kawai zai ɗauki mai kamannin diski, yana da kusan curls biyar kuma ya kai santimita da yawa a diamita. Irin waɗannan kwayoyin sun yadu a yankuna daban-daban na Eurasia, galibi a yankunan da ke da ciyayi mai yawa. Nsahonin da ke gaban wakilan wannan nau'in sun sami ci gaba sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suka sami irin wannan suna.
2. Yarar jan jaraba a cikin hanyoyi da yawa yana kama da nau'o'in da suka gabata, amma a cikin girman idan aka kwatanta shi - jariri. Harsashinta ya kai kimanin cm 2 kawai a cikin diamita, amma yana da launi mai ban sha'awa, mai haske mai launi mai launi mai launi. Tare da wannan launi, katantanwa tana da kyau a gaban bangon koren algae a cikin akwatin kifaye, inda yake, kamar 'yar'uwarta a cikin dangin da aka bayyana a sama, baƙo ne mai yawa. Eriya-tanti-tanti na jan kewaya suma an bunkasa kuma ana ganin su da kyau.
3. Anisus Yana da cikakkiyar jinsi a cikin dangin dangi. Suna rayuwa ne akan ciyayi na ruwa mai tsabta kuma sun banbanta a cikin karami kadan, kusan cm 1. Bawon irin wadannan kwayoyin na iya zama da fasali iri-iri, amma dole ne su zama masu fadi kuma suna karkace. Launansu kuma ya bambanta sosai, yana da launin toka, mai haske ko inuwa mai duhu, da kuma cream. Haduwa da farin katantanwa na irin wannan.
4. Planorbis (ko murfin murɗa) shima tsaran ruwa ne na dangi. Bawo daga waɗannan halittun suna da kyau daidai da hango farko. Kuma a zahiri, suna karkatarwa ba kawai a cikin layi ba, amma, yin hukunci ta hanyar alamun madauwari, suna da matsawa a cikin dukkan matakan uku.
Suna da girma ƙwarai a girma: kawai kaurinsu yakai santimita, amma a cikin diamita irin wannan kwasfa ya kai tsawon fiye da cm 3. Inuwar sa a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban na iya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa kirim. Jikin irin waɗannan mollusks na conical ne.
Suna da kwayoyin halitta masu sauƙin haske a saman tantanin kai. An rarraba wakilan jinsi ko'ina cikin duniya. A cikin Rasha, ana samun su a yankuna na Tsakiyar Turai. Amma kawai nau'ikan wurare masu zafi na thermophilic suna da tushe a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda kuma akwai wadatattu.
5. Nada murfin... Harsashinsa ba kawai karkace ba ne, yana da faɗi sosai kamar dai yana daɗaɗa igiya wacce take kama da ƙahonin barewa. Tsawon wannan murfin, idan za a iya amfani da shi, zai zama kusan 75 mm tare da madaidaicin diamita har zuwa centimita ɗaya da rabi.
Launin harsashi na iya zama launin toka ko rawaya, kuma wani lokacin ya ƙunshi haɗuwa da waɗannan launuka a cikin bambancin daban-daban. Jikin irin waɗannan halittun siriri ne dogo, mai duhu a inuwa tare da ƙarin launuka masu launin ja. Gajeren kafa yana zagaye a baya kuma ya zama mara kyau a gaba. Akwai katantanwa irin wannan a Turai da Siberia.
6. Gabas mai nisa yana da kyakkyawar fassara mai haske, kusan 10 mm a diamita, harsashi na bangon ja-kasa-kasa, an kawata shi da sifofin madaukaka, na bakin ciki, masu juji da latse-latse.
Curls na karapace, wanda yawansu ya kai shida, sannu a hankali yana faɗaɗa yayin da radi na da'irarsu ke ƙaruwa, wanda ke ba da kwalliya ta zama mai daɗin gani ga idanu. Irin waɗannan halittu masu ban sha'awa suna rayuwa cikin yanayi a Gabashin Asiya, amma suna da tushe a cikin akwatin kifaye.
7. Keel nada yana da kabu a kan kwasfa, wanda yake tuna da keel, wanda daga ciki aka sanya sunansa ta wannan hanyar. Faɗin diamita na bawonsa ya kai kimanin cm 2. Yana da launin ruwan kasa-mai-toka-toka. Sabili da haka, irin waɗannan katantanwa a cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin ƙasa yawanci ba a lura da su. A dabi'a, suna rayuwa a yankuna da yawa na Turai, a Asiya ta Tsakiya da Siberia.
Rayuwa da mazauni
A dabi'a, abubuwan motsa jiki galibi suna zaɓar jikkunan ruwa masu ƙarancin ruwa don wurin zama, galibi galibi tare da tsayayyen yanayi ko jinkiri sosai. Suna zaune a tabkuna, kududdufai, magudanan ruwa, koguna, wani lokacin ma cikin rafi.
A irin waɗannan wurare yawanci yawancin ciyayi masu ɓarna a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Waɗannan halittun suna sauka a kanta, alal misali, suna hawa a kan ganyen lili na ruwa da ƙwai-kwasfa, galibi daga ƙananan gefensu. Duk wannan yana hidimta musu lokaci guda a matsayin gida da abinci.
Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa-mazaunin murhu na iya zama ba kawai na dindindin ba, amma har ma an ƙirƙira shi na ɗan lokaci. Kuma wannan ba abin tsoro bane ga halittun da suke iya numfashi tare da huhunsu kuma suna iya zama ba tare da ruwa na ɗan lokaci ba. Idan madatsar ruwa ta bushe, to irin waɗannan katantanwa suna laka cikin laka ko sira, gaba ɗaya ɓuya a cikin kwasfa kuma da tabbaci a rufe shi da taimakon fim ɗin da suka saki.
Kuma a cikin irin wannan halin, suna iya rayuwa na kimanin watanni uku a cikin bege na mafi kyawun lokuta, a cikin tsammanin ruwan sama mai yawa da cikewar ruwa mai zurfi. A wannan yanayin, jikin mollusks ya bushe kuma ya rasa kusan rabin adadinsa, amma sannan, tare da kyakkyawan sakamako, an sake dawowa.
A cikin akwatin kifaye na akwatin kifaye - mazaunin da ba shi da kyau. Babu buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman don kiyaye irin waɗannan halittun. Sigogin ruwa, tasirin gurɓatarsa, ƙarar jirgin ruwa da bambancin yanayin zafin ba su da tasiri ƙwarai.
Sun saba da sababbin yanayi da sauri, sabili da haka kasuwancin ɓoye su yana cikin ikon ma masu farawa. Amma har yanzu, idan buƙatar ta tashi don murfin ya girma kuma ya ninka cikin sauri da sauri, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi a gare su, kwatankwacin waɗanda ke wanzu a mazauninsu na asali, ko ma mafi kyawu.
Don yin wannan, la'akari da waɗannan bayanan.
- Zafin ruwa na rayuwar irin waɗannan katantanwa ba shi da mahimmanci, idan dai ya fi sifili kuma ba ya daskarewa. Amma har yanzu, yanayin kusan + 25 ° C ana ɗaukarsa mafi dacewa a gare su, tunda galibin nau'ikan muryoyin wurare masu zafi suna zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye.
- Kwanten da waɗannan halittun suka sami tushe yakamata a tsabtace su koyaushe daga katantanwa matattu saboda yadda bazuwar su ta shafi ingancin ruwa. Za'a iya rarrabe murfin matattun daga rayayyun masu rai ta hanyar ɓoyewar jini a cikin kwasfa da kuma warin wari mara daɗi.
- Ya kamata a ciyar da ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye akai-akai tare da shirye-shirye na musamman wanda ke haɓaka yawan alli a cikin ruwa. Abubuwan buƙata suna da matukar buƙatar wannan abu, wanda ke taka rawa sosai a cikin samar da bawo, kuma idan ya rasa, yana iya mutuwa ma.
- Zai fi kyau a rufe akwatin inda irin waɗannan katantanwan ke zaune a sama tare da lebur, zai fi dacewa murfin gaskiya tare da ƙananan ramuka da aka yi a wurin, barin iska ta shiga cikin akwatin. Ana yin haka ne don reels, waɗanda suka yanke shawarar tafiya ba zato ba tsammani, kada su ɗauke shi a cikin kawunansu don ci gaba da gudu, saboda waɗannan halittun suna hawa kowane nau'i na sama daidai.
Gina Jiki
Wadannan kwayoyin sun fi son abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin yanayin su na asali, waɗancan wakilan flora ɗin da suka zaunar da su ne suke ciyar dasu. Kuma wannan hakika ya dace sosai. Samun adadi mai yawa na haƙoran microscopic, dunƙulen, kamar grater, yaye shuke-shuke a sassan kuma ya sha su.
Yayin da suke cikin akwatin kifaye, musamman suna son yin liyafa a ƙaramin algae, a hankali cire koren rubutunsu, suna rake shi da "grater" ɗinsu, kamar shebur. Wannan tsari yana da matukar sha'awar kiyaye ta gilashin akwatin kifaye.
Wadannan halittun kuma suna nuna sha'awar abincin dabbobi. Misali, a cikin bauta, ana iya ciyar da danyen nama, kuma suna cin shi da yardar rai. Kodayake akwai wadataccen wurin kiwo ga irin wannan katantanwa a cikin yanayin kera mutum.
Suna cinye mataccen soya, ƙananan invertebrates, ragowar abincin kifi, da algae mai lalacewa. Amma idan kuna so, zaku iya lalata su da ganye, salatin, kayan lambu, misali, kokwamba ko zucchini.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Irin waɗannan mollusks ba su da jima'i, ko kuma dai suna ɗauka lokaci guda na halaye na mace da na miji na ɗayan mutum, ma'ana, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin hermaphrodites. saboda haka narkakken tsiron katantanwa faruwa a kusan kowane yanayi kuma baƙon abu da sauri, idan aka bayar, tabbas, cewa waɗannan halittun sun isa sosai, ma'ana sun kai shekara ɗaya.
Kodayake, don daidaita dai-dai har zuwa ƙarshe, dunƙulen suna iya yin takin-kai, amma idan sun haɗu da juna, zasu iya musayar kayan halittar juna. Kuma wakilan wasu jinsunan basa haifuwa a kadaice kwata-kwata.
A dabi'a, waɗannan ƙwaƙƙwaran yayan ƙwai suna barin ƙwai a manne a saman algae ko wasu abubuwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Katantanwa kuma suna shigowa yayin wanzuwar akwatin kifaye, ta amfani da bangon tanki da ciyawar da ke kewaye. A cikin yanayin wucin gadi, wannan aikin yana iya faruwa ba tare da sa hannu a waje ba kuma yana faruwa cikin sauƙi da sauri, idan har akwai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da kuma zazzabin da ake karɓa.
Nada katantanwa caviar zagaye a sifa, mai launi pink, a bayyane, wanda ya sa ba za a gan shi ba. An ajiye shi a cikin wani abu mai ƙaiƙayi, a ƙarshe ya ɗauki sifar madaidaiciya-kamar kayan girke akan takardar. Wannan "kek ɗin" yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko kalar rawaya, wani lokacin ya ɗan bambanta launuka daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, manyan mutane na iya samun kwai har zuwa 70 a cikin kama, amma ƙananan suna da ƙasa da yawa.
Adadin ci gaban ƙwai ya dogara da yanayin mahalli, don mafi yawan ɓangarorin masu alaƙar zafinsa. Gaba ɗaya, canje-canje suna faruwa da sauri. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, makonni biyu sun isa ga kankanin, amma hanzarin girma katantanwa da ke fitowa daga kwai. Generationananan matasa suna da amfani sosai, dabbobin samari suna iya zagayawa kuma su ci abin da manya suka ci.
Shellananan ƙananan katantanwa suna bayyane kuma sirara, kuma ƙarfafawarsu na faruwa yayin da mollusk ɗin kanta ke tsiro. Irin wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna da gland na musamman wadanda suke fitar da kwayar farar kasa daga ruwa kuma ta ajiye su a gefen bakin alkyabbar. Don haka, zoben shekara-shekara suna bayyana akan bawo, yana nuna shekarun ƙwayoyin halitta.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, abubuwan motsa jiki ba zasu iya wuce shekaru uku ba. Amma a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, koda wannan ɗan gajeren lokacin ya ragu sosai. Kuma wannan yanayin yanayi ne wanda makiya masu farautar katantanwa ke taimakawa sosai: tsuntsayen cikin ruwa, kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, wadanda ke cin su cikin nishadi.
Amfana da cutarwa
An yi imanin cewa yaduwa sune mafi munin kwari na akwatin kifaye. Amma ba haka bane. Tabbas, zasu iya zama babbar masifa ga microclimate na ƙaramin tafki na wucin gadi da mazaunanta.
Ari ga haka, irin waɗannan halittu suna haihuwar da sauri ba zato ba tsammani. Ba wai kawai sun zama masu dauke da cututtukan kwari da wasu cutuka masu hadari ba, wadannan katantanwa suna ɗoki da lalatar da shuke-shuke masu lafiya, masu amfani da amfani kuma suna gurɓata ruwa a cikin tanki da najasar su.
Amma cutarwa ba koyaushe yana haifar da bala'i ba. A cikin adadi kaɗan, zasu iya zama masu amfani sosai kuma suna da tasiri mai kyau akan yanayin da suka sami tushe. Katantanwa suna cire tabo daga bangon akwatin, suna cin algae masu ruɓewa, waɗanda, ta hanyar, sun fi son zama lafiya.
Kuma suna cin tsirrai mai amfani da akwatin kifaye kawai idan akwai karancin abinci. Irin waɗannan molluscs suna ɗaukar ragowar abincin kifi, don haka hana ruɓewa da rikice-rikice, ma'ana, gurɓatar da kewayen ruwa.
A ƙarshe, amfani da katantanwa ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa shi kansa yana da daɗin bayyana, fiye da yin ado da akwatin kifaye kuma yana haifar da daɗi a cikin gidan. Abin da ya sa galibi ba a halakar da su ba, amma, akasin haka, ana kiwo a cikin kwantena na gilashi kuma ta kowace hanyar da za a iya ƙarfafa su. Bugu da kari, wadannan kananan kwayoyin halitta kansu sun dace da ciyar da nau'ikan kifayen da yawa. Kuma wannan ainihin ceton lokaci ne, ƙoƙari da kuɗi.
Yadda za a rabu da akwatin kifaye
Kafin ayyana yaƙi a kan ƙananan ƙananan ƙira, ya kamata ku yi tunani a hankali: shin ya dace a yi hakan kwata-kwata? Bugu da ƙari, ƙoƙari da yawa a cikin wannan shugabanci na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na microflora da mahimmancin lalata rayuwar akwatin kifaye. Kuma idan an riga an yanke shawarar yin kishi, to ya fi kyau ba tare da tsattsauran ra'ayi ba.
To, a l whenkacin da irin wannan halakarwa ya zama daidai, ya kamata mutum ya yi tunani a kai yadda za a rabu da murfin katantanwa shiru, salama, a gida? Gabaɗaya ya fi kyau kada a yi amfani da sinadarai a nan, wannan ƙimar mizani ce, mai wuyar fahimta. Akwai hanyoyin sassauƙa da na halitta.
Da farko dai, zaka basu damar cin katantanwa daga kifin gida ta hanyar rage adadin abincin da ake basu. Don haka tare da bugu ɗaya yana yiwuwa a warware ba ɗaya ba, amma matsaloli biyu a lokaci ɗaya. Kuma, alal misali, irin waɗannan halittun kamar kifin kifin kifayen yana cinye ƙwai na dunƙulen ba dole ba kuma tare da jin daɗi, ba sa buƙatar tilasta su.
Har ila yau, yana da ma'ana a gwada sasanta wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan katantanwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, alal misali, Helena, wanda babban abincinta shine sauran mollusks. Wasu irin wadannan halittun sun isa ga adadin murhu don saurin raguwa zuwa mafi karancin abin da ake bukata.
Daga qarshe za a iya cire haushi masu amfani daga hannu da hannuwanku, kuna yin wannan tsabtace a kai a kai. Kuma ga tarin nasara mai aiki, akwai asali guda ɗaya, kwata-kwata mara lahani kuma har ma da amfani - bawon ayaba wanda yake da baƙi ƙwarai bayan bushewa a cikin batir ko rana.
Lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ya zama abin birgewa don katantanwa wanda bayan fewan awanni waɗannan yaran kusan dukansu zasu hallara akan sa. Kuma zai kasance kawai tare da motsi ɗaya na hannu don haɗa su tare da kwasfa tarkon.
