Argali, ko ragon dutse (Ovis ammon) kyakkyawa ne kuma mai ɗaukakakken dabba mai shayarwa wacce ke cikin dangin bovine da kuma tsari na artiodactyl. Wannan dabba mai shayarwa wacce akafi sani da argali.
Bayanin ragon dutse
Argali shine mafi girman wakilci na rukunin tumakin daji.... Latin takamaiman sunan ammon yana bin sunan allahn Amun. A cewar tatsuniyar, tsananin tsoron Typhon ya tilasta mazaunan sama su juya zuwa dabbobi daban-daban, kuma Amon ya sami kamannin rago. Dangane da tsohuwar al'adar, ana nuna Amon a matsayin mutum mai manyan ƙahonin rago.
Sheepananan ragunan tumaki
Abubuwan argali ko nau'ikan tumaki na dutse sun hada da nau'ikan rabe-rabe da yawa wadanda ake karatun su sosai kuma suka banbanta da kama:
- Altai rago ko Ovis ammon ammon;
- Anatolian mouflon ko Ovis ammon anatolisa;
- Tumakin Bukhara ko Ovis ammon bosharensis;
- Kazakh argali ko Ovis ammon colium;
- Gansu argali ko Ovis ammon dalailamae;
- Tumakin dutsen Tibet ko Ovis ammon hоdgsоnii;
- Arewacin kasar Sin na tumaki ko Ovis ammon jubata;
- Tien Shan tumakin Tien Shan ko Ovis ammon karelini;
- argali Kozlova ko Ovis ammon kozlоvi;
- dutsen karatau rago ko Ovis ammon nigrimontana;
- Rioan Cypriot ko Ovis ammon orhion;
- dutsen rago Marco Polo ko Ovis ammon roli;
- Kyzylkum dutsen tumaki ko Ovis ammon sevеrtzоvi;
- Mouflon na Urmian ko Ovis ammon urmiana.
Babban abin sha'awa shine nau'ikan argali - Altai ko tumakin Tien Shan. Wannan dabba mai sanko-kofato, ta dangin ragunan rago, tana da ƙahoni masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Matsakaicin nauyin ƙahonin babban mutum yakan kai kilogiram 33-35. Tsayin namiji mai balaga a lokacin bushewa na iya bambanta tsakanin 70-125 cm, tare da tsawon jiki har zuwa mita biyu kuma nauyi a kewayon 70-180 kg.
Tsawon wutsiya yakai cm 13-14. Duk wakilan ƙananan kamfanonin O. ammon ammon yana da halin kasancewar jikin da ba shi da kyau, siriri, amma ƙafafuwa da ƙarfi. Karshen abin bakin dabbar ya fi launi da kai da baya. Sheepungiyoyin tumaki na Altai na tsauni suna iya wakiltar manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu: mata tare da yara da yara mata da maza da suka manyanta.
Dutsen tumaki na Kyzylkum ko Severtsov's argali ba shi da ƙarancin sha'awa. Wannan yanki na ƙasar Kazakhstan a halin yanzu yana cikin barazanar ɓacewa gabaɗaya, kuma adadin waɗannan ƙananan bai wuce mutane ɗari ba. Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi yana cikin Layi na Littafin Bayanai wanda yake aiki akan yankin Kazakhstan.
Bayyanar Argali
Tsawon jikin balagaggiyar mutum 120-200 cm, tare da tsayi a bushewar 90-120 cm kuma nauyi a kewayon 65-180 kg... Ya danganta da rararrun, ba wai kawai girman ba, amma kuma launin jiki ya banbanta, amma a yau mafi girma shine Pamir argali, ko ragon tsaunin Marco Polo, wanda ya sami sunansa don girmamawa ga shahararren matafiyin wanda ya ba da bayanin farko na wannan dabba mai shayarwa, artiodactyl.
Maza da mata na wannan rabe-raben suna da alamun ƙahoni masu tsayi sosai. Tumakin ɗan tudu suna da ƙaho, ƙaho masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda galibi suna nauyin kusan 13% na nauyin jikin dabbar. Sahonin, har zuwa 180-190 cm tsayi, suna karkatuwa karkace, tare da juyawa waje da sama.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Horaho ragon tsaunuka sun shahara sosai ga mafarauta shekaru da yawa, saboda haka farashin su galibi dala dubu ne.
Farin jikin jikin dabbar mai ƙyallen kofato na iya bambanta ƙwarai, wanda aka ƙayyade ta halaye na ƙananan keɓaɓɓu. Mafi sau da yawa, ana wakiltar launi ta hanyar kewayon mai faɗi sosai daga inuwa mai yashi mai haske zuwa rawaya mai launin toka mai duhu.
Partananan ɓangaren jiki yana da launi mai launi. Akwai ratsi masu launin ruwan kasa masu duhu a gefen jikin ragon dutsen, wanda a bayyane yake ya raba ɓangaren ɓangaren duhu mafi duhu daga ɓangaren ƙananan haske. Muzzle da gindi yanki koyaushe masu launin haske.
Wani fasali daban na kalar ragon dutsen na namiji shine kasancewar wani zobe mai halin gaske, wanda aka wakilta da ulu mai haske wanda yake kusa da wuyan dabbar, kazalika da kasancewar ulu mai tsawo a yankin nape. Irin wannan dabbar mai shaƙuwa mai dusar ƙafafu tana zubar da wasu sau biyu a shekara, kuma furcin hunturu yana da launi mai haske da kuma tsayi mafi girma idan aka kwatanta shi da murfin bazara. Theafafun ragon dutsen sun fi tsayi da siriri, wanda, tare da ƙahonin karkace, shine babban bambancin jinsin daga akuyar dutse (Sarra).
Mahimmanci! Lokacin da rayuwa ke cikin haɗari, dabba babba zata fara yin rawar kai da ƙarfi sosai, kuma samari suna yin kuwwa kamar 'yan raguna na tunkiyar gida.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Raguna na tsauni suna cikin nau'ikan dabbobi waɗanda ke da halin rayuwa mara kyau. A lokacin sanyi da rani, dabbobi masu shayarwa na dabbobi suna yin abin da ake kira ƙaura a tsaye. Da farkon lokacin bazara, ragon tsaunin argali sun haɗu zuwa ƙananan garken dabbobi, wanda ya ƙunshi aƙalla kai talatin, kuma a lokacin sanyi irin wannan garken yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma yana iya haɗawa da dabbobi ɗari da yawa na shekaru daban-daban.
Ofungiyar tumaki na dutse za a iya wakilta ta ƙungiyar mata da dabbobi ƙanana, har ma da ƙungiyoyin bachelor daban-daban. Manyan mazan da suka manyanta na iya yin kiwo daban da garken garken. Kamar yadda al'adar kallo take nunawa, ragon da aka hada tsakanin garken daya suna nuna juriya da nuna kauna ga juna.
Ya kamata a lura cewa, a ƙa'ida, raguna masu girma ba sa ba da taimako ga danginsu, duk da haka, ana sa ido sosai kan halayen ɗabi'un kowane memba na garken, kuma a gaban siginar ƙararrawa da rago ɗaya ya bayar, duk garken suna ɗaukar jira-da-gani ko matsayin kariya.
Ragunan tsaunukan daji suna da hankali sosai kuma suna da hankali sosai, suna iya sa ido kusan duk yanayin da ke kusa dasu. A alamun farko na hatsari, argali ja da baya ta hanyar da zata zama mafi sauki ga abokan gaba su bi ta. A cikin ikon hawa dutse, tumakin dutsen ba su cika kaɗan da bunsuru ba.
Irin wannan dabbar mai kofato ba ta iya motsawa a saman duwatsu, sannan kuma ya san yadda za a tsallake ƙasa da himma da sauƙi a kan wurare masu duwatsu. Koyaya, matsakaicin tsalle tsalle ya kai 'yan mituna, kuma tsawon zai iya zama kusan mita biyar. An lura da iyakar aikin tumakin dutsen bovine da sanyin safiya, kuma da tsakar rana dabbobi sukan tafi hutawa gaba daya, inda suke tauna cingam yayin kwanciya. Argali ya fi son kiwo a sanyin safiya da maraice.
Shekaru nawa argali yake rayuwa
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar tunkiyar tunkiya ko argali na iya bambanta sosai dangane da abubuwan waje da yawa, gami da yankin rarrabawa. Amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, a cikin yanayi, na dabi'a, dabba mai laushi mai kofato ba zata wuce shekaru goma ko goma sha biyu ba.
Wurin zama da mazauni
Dutse argali yana rayuwa, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, a cikin tsaunuka da yankunan tsaunuka a Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya, yana hawa zuwa tsayin mita dubu 1.3-6.1 sama da matakin teku. Dabba mai shayarwa yana zaune a Himalayas, Pamirs da Tibet, da Altai da Mongolia. Dangane da kwanan nan, yawan irin wadannan dabbobin masu kofato sun fi fadi, kuma ana samun dutsen argali sosai a yankin kudu maso yamma da Gabashin Siberia, da kuma yankin kudu maso yamma na Yakutia.
A halin yanzu, mazaunin argali ya dogara da halayen ƙananan ƙananan:
- ana samun Ovis ammon ammon a tsarin tsaunukan Gobi da Mongolian Altai, haka kuma akan daidaikun mutane da manyan mutane a yankin Gabas ta Kazakhstan, Kudu maso Gabashin Altai, Kudu maso Yammacin Tuva da Mongolia;
- subspecies Ovis ammon colllium ana samunsa a cikin Kazakh Highlands, a arewacin yankin Balkhash, Kalbinskiy Altai, Tarbagatai, Monrak da Saur;
- peasussuwan Ovis ammon hоdgsonii ana samunsu a yankin Tibet da Himalayas, gami da Nepal da Indiya;
- ana samun kananan kamfanonin Ovis ammon karelini a Kazakhstan, haka kuma a Kyrgyzstan da China;
- peasashen Ovis ammon roli wanda ke zaune a yankin Tajikistan da Kyrgyzstan, China, da Afghanistan;
- Theananan ƙungiyoyin Ovis ammon jubata suna zaune a cikin Manyan tsaunukan Tibet;
- peasashen Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi suna zaune a yammacin ɓangaren tsaunuka a Kazakhstan, da kuma wasu yankuna a yankin Uzbekistan.
Tumakin tsaunuka sun fi son buɗe sarari, yana ba su damar yin yawo tare da gangaren tsaunuka da wuraren duwatsu masu ƙanƙan duwatsu, da kuma ciyawar tsaunuka masu ciyawa, waɗanda ke cike da ciyawar ganye. Dabbar dabba mai sanko-kofato ana samunta a cikin kwazazzabai masu kwazazzabo da kwari tare da tuddai... Argali yayi ƙoƙari ya guji wuraren da ke tattare da yalwar ciyawar itace. Babban fasali na kowane yanki shine ƙaurawar tsaye lokaci-lokaci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A lokacin bazara, argali yana hawa zuwa yankunan bel mai tsayi, mai wadataccen ciyayi mai ciyayi, kuma a lokacin sanyi, dabbobi, akasin haka, suna sauka a yankin makiyayar da ƙanƙanin ƙanƙara.
Abokan gaba na dutsen rago
Daga cikin manyan abokan gaba na argali, kerkeci sun mamaye wuri na farko cikin mahimmancin gaske. Farautar wannan mai farautar kan dabbobi masu shayarwa na haifar da babbar illa ga yawan jama'a, tunda ragunan tsaunuka sun fi so su kasance a cikin mafiya buɗe kuma a bayyane, da kuma wuraren da ake gani.
Hakanan, yawan mutanen argali ya ragu sosai saboda irin wadannan makiya na dabi'un tumaki kamar damisar dusar kankara, damisa, gyada, damisar, gaggafa da mikiya ta zinariya. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, tumakin da ke kan tsauni har yanzu mutanen da ke kashe dabbobi masu yatsun dabbobi masu kafafu ko kafafu don samun nama, fatu da kaho masu tsada.
Abincin Argali
Tunanin argali na tsaunin daji suna cikin nau'in ciyawar ciyawar dabbobi, sabili da haka babban abincin artiodactyls yana wakiltar nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanki da yankin da ke akwai ƙananan ƙananan. Dangane da yawan binciken kimiyya, bovine argali ya fi son hatsi fiye da kowane nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Duk ƙananan raƙuman ruwa ba su da ma'ana, sabili da haka, ban da hatsi, suna cin ɗanɗano da hodgepodge cikin farin ciki da yawa.
Dabbar mai sanko-kofato ba ta tsoron mummunan yanayi da hazo, saboda haka tana cin ciyayi mai daɗi koda a lokacin isasshen ruwan sama. Samun ruwa ga tunkiyar tudu ba larura ce ta yau da kullun ba, sabili da haka irin wannan dabba na iya nutsuwa ba zai iya shan ruwa na dogon lokaci ba. Idan ya cancanta, argali na iya shan ruwan gishiri.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Jim kaɗan kafin saduwa, tumaki na kan dutse suna haɗuwa a cikin ƙananan garken manya na kai goma sha biyar. Balaga tsakanin jima'i a cikin argali na mace ya riga ya faru a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, amma ƙwarewar dabbobi don haifuwa ana samunta ne kawai a shekaru biyu. Sheepan tumaki na dutsen da suka girma sun balaga yayin da suka cika shekara biyu, amma dabbar tana taka rawa sosai wajen haifuwa daga baya, daga shekara biyar.
Har zuwa wannan zamanin, samari maza da mata manyan brethrenan uwansu ke kore su koyaushe daga mata. Lokaci na farawa na rut mai aiki ba ɗaya bane a sassa daban-daban na tsaunin tumaki. Misali, a cikin daidaikun mutane da ke zaune a yankin Kyrgyzstan, ana yin bikin rutting galibi a watan Nuwamba ko Disamba. Halin halayyar raguna manya shine ikon kirkirar wa kansu abin da ake kira "harems", wanda ya kunshi mata takwas ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin adadin mata ta hanyar saduwa da ɗa namiji tunkiya mai hawan dutse kusan mutum ashirin da biyar ne.
Tare da mata, irin wannan garken na iya hadawa da dabbobin da basu balaga ba. Balagagge a jima'i, amma har yanzu basu da karfi, samari na irin wadannan kayan kwalliyar, suna nisantar da kansu daga mata ta hanyar kishiyoyi masu karfi da ci gaba, a lokacin rutting galibi galibi suna haduwa zuwa kananan kungiyoyi daban daban wadanda suke yawo kusa da "hamsam".
A lokacin saduwar aure, mazan argali suna da tsananin farin ciki kuma suna bin matattun mata da himma, sakamakon haka suna mai da hankali. A irin wannan lokacin ne mafarauta da masu farauta ba su da wata matsala ta kusanci nesa mai haɗari zuwa artiodactyls. Yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa suna faruwa tsakanin manya da waɗanda suke shirye-shiryen saduwa da juna a lokacin rutting, wanda dabbobin ke rarrabuwa kuma suka sake dawowa kusa, suna buga goshinsu da tushen ƙahonnin da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yayin gudu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana iya jin sautuka masu ƙarfi tare da irin wannan tasirin a cikin duwatsu har ma da nisan kilomita da yawa. Bayan lokacin rutting ya wuce, mazan argali kuma sai suka sake banbanta da duk matan kuma, suka hadu a kananan kungiyoyi, suka hau tsaunuka.
Lokacin haihuwar mace argali yakai kimanin watanni biyar ko shida, bayan haka ana haihuwar ragunan ne tare da farkon lokacin bazara. Kafin fara raguna, tumaki mata na kan tudu suna kaura daga babban garke kuma suna neman wuraren da kurman ya fi ko kurmi ko rago don rago. A sakamakon rago, a ka’ida, ana haihuwar tunkiya daya ko biyu, amma kuma ‘yan uku ma an san ana haihuwar su.
Matsakaicin nauyin ragunan da aka haifa kai tsaye ya dogara da lambar su, amma, galibi, bai wuce kilogiram 3.5-4.5 ba. Alamomin dimorphism na jima'i, dangane da nauyi, lokacin haihuwa suna da rauni sosai. Matan da aka haifa na iya zama ƙasa da na maza kaɗan. A farkon kwanakin rayuwa, ragunan da aka haifa ba su da ƙarfi kuma ba su da komai. Suna ɓoye tsakanin manyan duwatsu ko cikin daji. Kimanin kwana na uku ko huɗu, ragunan sun ƙara himma suna bin mahaifiyarsu.
Idan a kwanakin farko, duk matan rago na ragon dutse sun gwammace su kaɗaita, to bayan makonni biyu, bayan zuriya ta sami ƙarfi kaɗan, sai su fara yawo har ma sun haɗa kai a wasu fewan ƙungiyoyi. Irin waɗannan ƙananan garken mata suna haɗuwa daga baya tare da haɓakar matasa ta bara. Ana amfani da madarar uwa a matsayin babban abincin ragunan tunkiya har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Wannan ingantaccen kuma mai gina jiki sam bai banbanta da nonon tunkiyar gida ba dangane da yanayin sinadaran da dandano.
Green fodder yana fara cinyewa ta iyakance ta raguna aan makonni bayan haihuwa, kuma tare da farkon lokacin kaka, wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na samari yana ciyar da kansa. Mata, yayin da suke girma da haɓaka, sananne ya kasance a bayan maza a girma.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dutsen argali yana girma a hankali a hankali kuma na dogon lokaci, kuma sannu a hankali ana samun ci gaba a cikin maza, wanda a hankali zai iya ƙaruwa da girma kusan a tsawon rayuwarsu.
Matsayin yawan jama'a da kariyar jinsuna
Mafarautan cikin gida suna harbin tumakin tsauni gaba daya ga kahonsu, wadanda masu warkarwa na maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin ke amfani da su sosai wajen shirya magunguna daban daban. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan wannan dabban mai shafar kofato yana rayuwa ne a wuraren da ke da wahalar isa, don haka ba zai yuwu a iya sarrafa adadin su daidai ba.
Argali galibi ana yin ƙaura daga wuraren kiwo ta hanyar dabbobi, bayan haka filayen sun zama sam basu dace da ciyar da tumakin tsauni ba... Raguwar lambobi kuma mummunar tasirin tasirin sauyin yanayi, mai tsananin gaske ko lokacin sanyi.
Argali ko dutsen argali na tsauni yana cikin littafin Red Data na Tarayyar Rasha, kuma wannan ya ba da damar hukunta waɗanda ke farautar artiodactyl da ke cikin haɗari ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Kamar yadda aikace-aikace ya nuna, ana iya hora argali, kuma don samun kwanciyar hankali a tsare ga irin wannan tumakin dutsen mai namun daji, ya isa a ware wani fili mai fadi tare da katangar mai karfi da karfi, da kuma daki mai kwano da masu shayarwa. Don dawo da yawan jinsunan, dabbobin da ke cikin haɗari kuma suna cikin wuraren kariya na musamman kuma ana ajiye su a cikin gidan zoo.
