Saboda tsananin saukinsa da yanayin phlegmatic, wannan sandararren salamar zai iya zama kyakkyawar dabba. Yanayi biyu sun tsoma baki: capybara ya yi girma sosai don zama a cikin gida kuma ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da tafki ba (kandami ko tafki).
Bayanin Capybara
Alade na ruwa sunan hukuma ne na kimiyyar capybara.... Aborigines na Kudu da Amurka ta Tsakiya suna kiran caprinta daban - caprincho, poncho, corpincho, capigua da chiguire. An yi imanin cewa rodent ya sami suna mafi dacewa daga ƙabilun Tupi na Brazil, waɗanda suka kira shi "mai cin siririn ciyawa" (capybara).
Bayyanar
Marubucin Ingilishi Gerald Durrell ya kwatanta beraye (tare da bayyana nutsuwa a bakinsa) ga zaki mai farauta, ba tare da mantawa da ƙara cewa capybara, ba kamar sarkin dabbobi ba, kyakkyawa ce mai cin ganyayyaki.
Ya rage a yi mamakin yadda wannan mai cin tsire-tsire na ruwa yake sarrafawa don samun irin wannan rikodin (a kan bangon sauran rodents) nauyi: maza suna da nauyin kilogiram 54-63, mata suna da nauyin daga 62 zuwa 74 kg. Amma wannan ba shine iyaka ba - an san cewa mace ɗaya ta ci har zuwa 81, na biyu - har zuwa 91 kilogiram.
Tsayi a ƙushin ya yi daidai da na babban kare kuma ya kai cm 50-62. Capybara tana da faɗi kai tare da murabba'in kusurwa murabba'i, sanye take da kunnuwa masu kyau, ƙananan hancin hancin da ke kan iyaka da ƙananan idanu.
Dabbar tana da hakora 20, mafi munin "cikinsu" manyan goge lemu ne masu kama da kaifin farce. Hakoran kunci marasa tushe suna girma cikin rayuwa. Harshen, godiya ga tarin fuka da yawa, ya yi kauri.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gashi na capybara mara laushi da kaushi, yayi girma har zuwa 3-12 cm, amma bashi da sutura. Godiya ga yanayin na ƙarshe, fatar rodent da sauri tana konewa ƙarƙashin rana, wanda shine dalilin da yasa kullun ke kwance sau da yawa cikin laka.
Capybara tana kama da ganga da aka lulluɓe da ulu, wanda aka hada ta da wani katon katako ba tare da wutsiya ba. A ƙafafun gaba akwai yatsu huɗu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi waɗanda aka haɗa ta da membobin ruwa, a ƙafafun baya akwai uku.
Al'aura na waje na maza da mata suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin jakar dubura. Girman jiki ya fito ne daga jan kirji zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, amma ciki koyaushe yana da launi mai laushi, yawanci launin ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya. Wasu dabbobin suna da tabo baƙi a fuskokinsu. Yaran capybaras koyaushe suna da launi a launi fiye da danginsu na da.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Capybara yan asalin asalin Amurka ta tsakiya ne da Kudancin Amurka, gami da Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia (gabas), Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina (arewa maso gabas), Panama da Guyana.
Capybara ya fi son yankunan bakin ruwa na koguna, fadama, tabkuna da tafkunan ruwa na wucin gadi wadanda suka mamaye da pistia da hyacinth na ruwa. Hakanan yana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan Chaco, wuraren kiwo (tare da aladu masu yatsa / ciyawar guinea) da ƙasar noma, dazuzzuka masu yanke jiki da kuma savannas da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye.
Ana iya samun rodent a kan tsaunika (har zuwa 1300 m), haka kuma a kan ƙasa mai ƙyalƙyali da gulbi, gami da gandun daji na mangrove... Babban yanayin shine kasancewar wurin buɗe ruwa a kusa (wanda bai wuce rabin kilomita ba).
Salon rayuwa
Dukan rayuwar capybara tana mai da hankali ne a cikin ruwa - a nan tana shayar da ƙishirwa da yunwa, haifuwa, hutawa da daidaita yanayin zafin jiki, ba tare da mantawa da fitarwa cikin laka ba.
Berayen sun kasance ƙungiyoyin dangi (dabbobi 10-20), kama da harem: namiji mai rinjaye, mata da yawa da suka balaga tsakanin mata da yara da maza, ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba kasan matsayin inseminator ga shugaba. Na karshen, yana jin gasa, yakan kori abokan hamayya, wanda shine dalilin da yasa 5-10% na maza suke rayuwa kamar yarda.
Capybaras (duka maza da mata) sun haɗu da glandan preanal a kusa da dubura, wanda ke ɓoye kamshin mutum ga kowane mutum. Kuma sirrin da kamshin gyambon ciki na miji ya samar yana nuna matsayin sa a garken.
Yankin kadada 1-10 (wani lokaci kuma hekta 200) wanda rukuni ya mamaye yana da alama ta hanci da hanci, duk da haka, rikicin cikin gida yana faruwa. Af, gwagwarmayar shugabanci a cikin garken shanu ɗaya baya karewa da mutuwa, amma irin wannan mummunan lamarin mai yiyuwa ne idan maza daga kungiyoyi daban-daban suna faɗa.
A lokacin damina, capybaras suna watsewa a wani yanki mai faɗi, amma fari na tilasta garken taro su taru a bakin kogi da tafkuna. A wannan lokacin, ɗaruruwan capybaras suna taruwa kewaye da tafkin, wani lokacin sukan shawo kan fiye da kilomita 1,000 don neman danshi mai ba da rai.
Da safe, dabbobin sai su yi kwalliya a bakin ruwan. Rana mai zafi tana kora su cikin ruwa mara zurfi ko cikin laka. Aladu na burrow ba su haƙa, amma kai tsaye suka sa ƙasa... Wani lokaci zaka iya ganin yadda capybaras suke ɗaukar hoto irin na yau da kullun, suna zaune a kan kwatangwalo.
Sun bambanta da sauran berayen idan babu ikon riƙe abincinsu tare da ƙafafunsu na gaba. Ana lura da kololuwar aiki bayan 4 na yamma kuma tare da fitowar magariba, bayan 20:00. Capybaras sunyi bacci kaɗan, suna farkawa a tsakiyar dare don shakatawa kansu.
Mun ƙware da bambance-bambancen abubuwa biyu na motsi na ƙasa - shuffling gait and galloping. Game da haɗari, suna barin abokan gaba tare da tsalle-tsalle da sauri. Capybaras ƙwararrun masu ninkaya ne, waɗanda membran memdiguna suka taimaka musu da wadataccen kitse.
Capybaras na iya yin dako, ihu, haushi, busa, busa, murza ihu, dannawa da haƙoransu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ihu, kamar haushi, suna amfani da su don faɗakar da garken barazanar, da yin kuwwa idan suna cikin ciwo ko damuwa. Sadarwa tare da zuriya, suna fitar da sautunan dannawa, kuma haƙoran hakora galibi suna tare da rikici tsakanin maza.
Capybaras, waɗanda ake tsare da su a cikin bauta, sun koyi roƙon abinci tare da sautuna irin na mayuka.
Tsawon rayuwa
Aladu na cikin ruwa da ke shiga gidan namun daji ko kuma masu mallakar kansu suna nuna ran rayuwa sama da dabbobi da ke rayuwa a cikin daji. Capybaras suna rayuwa shekaru 10-12, kuma kyauta kyauta - daga 6 zuwa 10 shekaru.
Abinci, abincin capybara
Capybaras dabbobi masu shayarwa ne waɗanda suka haɗa da abinci iri-iri masu yawa (musamman tare da babban furotin). Abincin ƙasa don capybaras shine:
- tsire-tsire masu ruwa (Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Reimarochloa acuta, Panicum laxum da Rice Leersia);
- shekara-shekara ganye Paratheria prostrata;
- nau'in jurewar fari na axonopus da Sporobolus indicus;
- sedge (a ƙarshen lokacin damina);
- haushi da 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- alade, oxalis da kaguwa;
- ciyawa da tubers.
Aladu na ruwa galibi suna yawo cikin filaye tare da noman rake, hatsi da kankana, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka sanya beraye a cikin kwari na noma.
Kasance cikin masu fafatawa kan abinci don kiwo a lokacin fari... Caprophages sune kwafin cuta na yau da kullun wanda yake cinye musu hanji, wanda yake taimaka wa dabbobi su narkar da cellulose ɗin da ke cikin abincin.
Kiwo capybara
Capybaras suna cikin nishaɗin soyayya duk shekara, kodayake suna saduwa da juna a farkon lokacin damina, wanda ke faruwa a watan Afrilu / Mayu a Venezuela da Oktoba / Nuwamba a Brazil.
Gyarawa don haihuwa, namiji rabin yaudarar abokan tarayya, yana yiwa shuke-shuke kewaye da asirinsu. Tsarin rayuwar mace yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-9, yayin da matakin karɓa yana ɗaukar awanni 8 kawai.
Namiji ya bi mace, cikakke don ɗaukar ciki, da farko a ƙasa, sannan a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci. Da zaran mace ta tsaya, abokin tarayya ya shiga baya, yana yin karfin gwiwa 6-10 mai kuzari. Sau da yawa, mace na iya jurewa har zuwa 20 na haɗuwa da jima'i tare da raguwa kaɗan (tare da ɗaya ko daban-daban abokan tarayya).
Aringauka yana ɗaukar kwanaki 150... Yawancin haihuwar suna faruwa ne a cikin Satumba-Nuwamba. Mace, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, tana haihuwa sau ɗaya a shekara, amma maimaita haihuwar ma yana yiwuwa, idan abokan gaba ba su yi laushi ba kuma akwai abinci mai yawa a kusa.
An kyale capybara daga nauyi a cikin yanayin Spartan, daidai a ƙasa, yana haifar da haƙori 2 zuwa 8, an rufe shi da ulu da sasan gani gaba ɗaya, kowane ɗayan yana jan kilo 1.5. Duk matan garken suna kula da zuriyar, kuma mahaifiya tana shayar da jariran da madara har zuwa watanni 3-4, kodayake bayan haihuwarsu ba da daɗewa ba suna tauna ciyawar da kansu.
Haihuwa a cikin keɓaɓɓu na faruwa a watanni 15-18, lokacin da suke cin abinci har zuwa 30-40 kilogiram.
Makiya na halitta
Capybaras, duk da fa'idar girman su, ba masu rashin lafiya bane kaɗan. A cikin jerin abokan gaba na capybara:
- alligators;
- jaguars;
- caimans;
- magudanan ruwa;
- kadarori;
- karnukan daji;
- anacondas
Karnukan feral na da babbar barazana ga berayen da ke girma, waɗanda kuma tsuntsaye masu farauta daga dangin ungulu, musamman baƙar fata na Amurka baƙi suke farauta. Capybaras sun koyi gujewa makiya a cikin ruwa, suna barin hancinsu kawai a saman don yin numfashi.
Mutumin kuma yana da hannu wajen rage yawan aladun ruwa, yana kashe su saboda nama (mai kama da naman alade), da manyan fuka-fuka (da ake amfani da su na kayan adon mata) da kuma fata (na kayan masarufi).
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kimanin shekaru 300 da suka gabata, Cocin Katolika ta amince da capybara ... a matsayin kifi domin mabiya su ci naman ta ba tare da takurawa ba a lokacin Azumi. Daga baya aka soke wannan rashin shawarar.
A zamanin yau, ana cuwa-cuwa a cikin gonakin Latin Amurka don cire naman, fata da kitsen mai (don samar da magunguna). Berayen daji da ke yawo a cikin filaye galibi sukan faɗa ƙarƙashin zafin hannun manoma waɗanda ba sa gamsuwa da cin abincin masu kutse.
Adana capybara a gida
Wannan kyakkyawan dunƙulen an yaba da shi ƙwarai - ƙwararrun wuraren nursery suna ba da capybaras akan farashin 120 dubu rubles da ƙari... Duk da halin kirki da cikakken tsabta, kawai masu wadata waɗanda ke da gidan ƙasarsu za su iya kula da capybara.
Kuna buƙatar gina keɓaɓɓen kejin sararin samaniya tare da yalwar daji da tafki (kandami ko tafki), kuma a lokacin sanyi - gida mai inshora. Zai fi kyau a yiwa ɗa namiji (ba tare da mace ba), tun da ya balaga, zai ci gaba da tsangwame maigidansa. A cikin bauta, menu na capybara ya zama mafi banbanci saboda haɗa shi a ciki:
- 'ya'yan itatuwa / kayan lambu;
- ganye da hay;
- bushewar abincin kare da abincin gwangwani;
- ƙwayoyi don rodents
Mahimmanci!Domin niƙa incisors, zai zama dole a koyaushe a sanya willow ko rassan Birch.
Gabaɗaya, capybara tana da kyau don rawar dabbar dabba: ana tafiya akan ɗorafi har ma ana koyar da dabaru masu sauƙi. Capybara mai laushi sau da yawa tana roƙon ƙauna kuma tana son a cire mata ciki, galibi tana yin bacci a lokaci guda.
