Madagascar da ke da babbar kunkuru, ita ma Kunkurun garkuwar-garkuwar Madagascar (Erymnochelys madagascariensis) na cikin umarnin kunkuru ne, ajin masu rarrafe. Yana daya daga cikin tsoffin halittu masu rarrafe wadanda suka bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 250 da suka gabata. Kari kan haka, Madagascar mai tsananin kunkuru tana daya daga cikin kunkuru mafi kankanta a duniya.
Alamomin waje na Madagascar babban kunkuru.
Madagascar babban-kunkuru yana da harsashi mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a cikin ƙaramin dome wanda ke kiyaye sassan jiki masu laushi. Kan ya fi girma, launin ruwan kasa mai launuka masu launin rawaya. Girman kunkuru ya fi cm 50. Yana da fasali mai ban sha'awa: kai a kan wuyansa ba a janye shi gaba ɗaya kuma yana tafiya a kaikaice cikin ayarin, kuma ba madaidaiciya da baya ba, kamar sauran jinsunan kunkuru. A cikin tsohuwar kunkuru, keel wanda ba a san shi ba yana gudana tare da harsashi.
Babu ƙididdiga a gefen gefen. Plastron an zana shi cikin launuka masu haske. Asan hannu suna da ƙarfi, yatsun hannu sanye take da ƙusoshin wuya, kuma sun haɓaka membobin ruwa na iyo. Doguwar, wuyan ta ɗaga kai sama kuma ta ba da kunkuru ya yi numfashi sama da saman ruwan ba tare da fallasa dukkan jikin ga masu yuwuwar cin nasara ba. Tan kunkuru suna da kyakkyawan tsari na layin baƙaƙen fata a kan harsashi, amma samfurin ya shuɗe da shekaru.
Rarraba Madagascar babban kunkuru.
Madagascar babban-kunkuru ya cika da tsibirin Madagascar. Ya fadada daga yammacin kogin Madagascar: daga Mangoky a kudu zuwa yankin Sambirano a arewa. Wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe yakan tashi ne a tsaunuka har zuwa mita 500 sama da matakin teku.
Kasashen Madagascar masu kunkuru.
Madagascar mai kaifin kunkuru ta fi son buɗewayen dausayi na dindindin, kuma ana samun sa a bakin bankunan da ke kwarara a hankali, tabkuna da fadama. Wani lokacin takan dumi kanta akan duwatsu, tsibirai da ruwa da bishiyun suka kewaye. Kamar sauran nau'ikan kunkuru, tana mannewa da kusancin ruwa kuma da wuya ta shiga cikin yankunan tsakiyar. An zaɓa a ƙasa kawai don oviposition.
Abinci mai gina jiki na Madagascar mai kunkuru.
Madagascar babban-kunkuru ya fi dacewa da ciyawar dabbobi. Tana ciyar da fruitsa fruitsan itace, furanni da ganyen shuke-shuke rataye akan ruwa. A wani lokaci, yana cin ƙananan vertebrates (molluscs) da matattun dabbobi. Yaran kunkuru waɗanda ke cin ganyayyaki a cikin kifayen invertebrates.
Sake fitowar Madagascar babban kunkuru.
Madagascar manyan kankarar kunkuru sun haɗu tsakanin Satumba zuwa Janairu (watanni da aka fi so su ne Oktoba-Disamba). Mata suna da zagayen kwayayen shekara biyu. Zasu iya yin daga kama biyu zuwa uku, kowannensu yana da matsakaici na ƙwai 13 (6 zuwa 29) a lokacin haihuwa. Qwai suna da siffar zobe, dan tsawan tsayi, an rufe su da kwalliyar fata.
Mata na iya haifuwa lokacin da suka girma zuwa 25-30 cm Rabin maza da mata daban-daban a cikin alumomi daban-daban ya fara ne daga 1: 2 zuwa 1.7: 1.
Ba a san shekarun balaga da tsawon rai a cikin yanayi ba, amma wasu samfuran suna rayuwa cikin bautar tsawon shekaru 25.
Yawan kasar Madagascar mai kunkuru.
Madagascar an rarraba kunkurui masu manyan kai a yankin sama da murabba'in kilomita dubu 20, amma yankin rabarwar bai wuce murabba'in kilomita dubu 500 ba. Dangane da bayanan da ake da su, kimanin dabbobi masu rarrafe 10,000 suna rayuwa, wadanda suka samar da yawan mutane 20. Tan kunkuru masu girman kai a Madagascar suna fuskantar mummunan raguwa na adadin da aka kiyasta zuwa 80% a cikin shekaru 75 da suka gabata (ƙarni uku) kuma ana hasashen ci gaban zai ci gaba a daidai wannan lokacin a nan gaba. Wannan nau'in yana cikin haɗari bisa la'akari da ƙa'idodi da aka yarda da su.
Ma'ana ga mutum.
Madagascar da ke da manyan kunkuru cikin sauƙi a kama su cikin raga, tarkon kifi da ƙugiyoyi, kuma ana kama su a matsayin kama-kama a cikin kamun kifi na yau da kullun. Ana amfani da nama da kwai azaman abinci a Madagascar. An kama wasu kunkuru masu kai-kawo a Madagascar tare da safarar su daga tsibirin don sayarwa a kasuwannin Asiya, inda aka daɗe ana amfani da su a matsayin magunguna don maganin gargajiya. Kari kan hakan, gwamnatin Madagascar ta fitar da wani karamin kaso na fitar da kaya zuwa shekara don sayar da dabbobi da yawa zuwa kasashen waje. Ana sayar da wasu tsirarun mutane daga tarin masu zaman kansu a kasuwancin duniya, ban da kunkuru daji da aka kama a Madagascar.
Barazana ga Madagascar babban kunkuru.
Kunkurun da ke da manyan kai yana fuskantar barazana ga yawansa sakamakon ci gaban kasa don amfanin gona.
Share dazuzzuka don noma da kuma samar da katako na lalata kyakkyawan yanayin ƙasar Madagascar kuma yana haifar da lahani ga ƙasa.
Sarkar ruwa da koguna da ke tafe na da mummunan tasiri, yana canza mazaunin Madagascar babban kunkuru wanda ba za a iya gane shi ba.
Yanayin da ke rarrabu sosai yana haifar da wasu matsaloli a cikin halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Bugu da kari, amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa na filayen shinkafa ya canza tsarin ruwa na tafkuna da kogunan Kogin Madagascar, gina madatsun ruwa, kududdufai, tafkuna yana haifar da canjin yanayi.
Yawancin jama'a suna wuraren kariya ne a waje, amma har waɗanda ke zaune a cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye suna ƙarƙashin matsi na anthropogenic.
Matakan kiyayewa don kunkuru mai girman kai Madagascar.
Manyan ayyukan kiyayewa ga kunkuru mai girman kai a Madagascar sun hada da: sanya ido, kamfen din neman ilimi ga masunta, ayyukan kiwo da aka kama, da kafa karin wuraren kariya.
Matsayin kiyayewa na Madagascar babban kunkuru.
Madagascar tana da kariya ta Kunkuru na II na Yarjejeniyar kan Cinikin Kasa da Kasa a Dabbobin Da ke Haɗari (CITES, 1978), wanda ke ƙayyade sayar da wannan nau'in ga wasu ƙasashe.
Wannan nau'in kuma yana da cikakkiyar kariya ta dokokin Madagascar.
Yawancin yawancin jama'a an rarraba su a waje da wuraren kariya. Smallananan ƙananan jama'a suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu kariya na musamman.
A watan Mayu 2003, Gidauniyar Tortoise ta buga jerin farko na kunkuru 25, wadanda suka hada da kunkurucin Madagascar. Hasungiyar tana da shirin aiwatar da aiki na duniya na shekaru biyar wanda ya haɗa da kiwo da sake dawo da nau'ikan halittu, ƙuntata kasuwanci, da kafa cibiyoyin ceton, ayyukan kiyayewa na gida da shirye-shiryen kai wa.
Asusun kula da namun daji na Darrell shima yana ba da gudummawa don kare turan kunkuru mai girma Madagascar. Ana fatan cewa waɗannan ayyukan haɗin gwiwar za su ba da damar wannan nau'in ya ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin mazauninsa.
