Turquoise acara - wannan lokacin a yau yana haɗa nau'ikan wakilan cichlids da yawa, wanda ya sami shahara a cikin shekaru 70 na karnin da ya gabata saboda kiyaye akwatin kifaye. Acars, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ba su da buƙatu na musamman don haɓakar ruwa mai ruwa - duk wannan yana ba su sha'awa daga mahangar masu aquarists. Kimanin iri 30 na sankarau aka sani.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Turquoise acara
Daga shafin zuwa shafin tabbaci yana yawo cewa daga Latin sunan akara a cikin Rashanci yana nufin "rafi". Rashin daidaituwa da irin wannan bayanin yana da sauƙin dubawa ta hanyar nufin ƙamus don tabbatarwa - a cikin layin Latin "amnis". A hakikanin gaskiya, Acars sun sami sunan su ne saboda yaren Guarani Indiyawa, waɗanda ke tsara waɗannan kifin da wannan kalmar. Ma'anar ma'anar kalmar tana da sauƙin isa. Akars suna yadu a cikin Amazon kuma ga mazauna yankin na akara iri daya ne da na mazaunan tsakiyar ɓangaren katun na Rasha.
Sunan gama gari "Akara" yana rufe wakilan da yawa na kifin cichlid:
- jinsin Andinoacara;
- jinsin Aequidens;
- jinsin Krobia;
- jinsin Cleithracara;
- jinsin Bujurquina;
- jinsin Laetacara.
Cutar sankara da take sananniya a yanzu ta samo asali ne daga Kudancin Amurka. Har zuwa yau, babu tabbataccen ra'ayi game da masanan burbushin halittu game da asalin kakannin kansa. Wannan saboda rashin isassun adadin burbushin da aka samo. Alamun yatsun farko na kifin kansa sunada shekaru 57 zuwa miliyan 45. Wannan bai wuce lokacin rugujewar Gondwana ba (shekaru miliyan 135 da suka gabata), ma'ana, yana ba da dalilin gaskata cewa waɗannan kifaye sun riga sun tashi a kan yankin Kudancin Amurka na zamani.
Burbushin da aka samo ya goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa aska asalin sun tashi ne a tafkunan Peru da kuma tafkunan Rio Esmeraldes basin. Daga waɗannan wuraren suka zauna a wasu wuraren tafki na tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka kuma a yau mazauninsu ya rufe tsakiyar wannan nahiyar.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Blue Acara
Akaras yana da ɗan madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar jiki wanda aka tsawanta tsawonsa. Kan kifin yana da girma, tare da halayyar goshi mai halayyar mutum. Wannan fasalin tsarin an fi bayyana shi a cikin maza tare da keɓaɓɓen kayan mai a goshi, wanda zuwa wani mataki ko wani yana nan a cikin dukkan cichlids kuma yana bayyana kansa lokacin da ya kai ga girma.
Idanuwan cututtukan turquoise suna da girma dangane da girman kan. Tsarin wannan gabar yana bawa kifi damar gani da kyau a cikin magariba na sashin karkashin ruwa na tafki, a ka'ida, cike yake da rassa kuma yayi girma sosai da shuke-shuke na ruwa. Labaran daji suna da girma. A wannan sashin jiki, yawancin adadin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin suna mai da hankali, wanda ke taka rawar masu karɓar sinadarai kuma suna ba kifi ikon samun cikakken abinci da abokan tarayya, don sanin wurin makarantar.
Halin sifa na tsarin jikin kansa na ciwon turquoise shine ƙarancin jela mai ƙyama, har ila yau yana da tsinkayen tsuliya da na baya. A cikin maza, ƙwanƙolin sun fi tsayi, yawanci tsuliya kuma ana nuna su a baya. Launukan jiki a cikin cutar kansa sun bambanta kuma sun dogara da nau'in. Har ila yau, Inuwar launuka daban-daban - daga ja-burgundy zuwa shuɗi-shuɗi. Launin maza koyaushe ya fi na mata haske.
Girman cututtukan daji suna da canzawa kuma sun dace da kowane nau'in. Wadanda suka fi kankanta sune maroni akars, wadanda mata suke girma zuwa santimita bakwai (mazan sun dan fi girma), zebra akars, wanda ya kai santimita biyar. Wakilan cututtukan tabarau masu haske da turquoise suna girma har zuwa kwata na mita.
A ina ne alamar turquoise ke rayuwa?
Photo: akara kifi
Gidan mazaunin daji yana rufe tafkunan Tsakiya da Kudancin Latin Amurka. Yawancin jinsunan ana samun su ne a cikin babban yankin Amazon a Colombia, Peru da Brazil.
Ana wakilta su sosai a cikin waɗannan kogunan na Brazil, Venezuela da Gaina, kamar su:
- Putomayo;
- Trombetas (Trombetas);
- Shingu (Xingu);
- Esquibo;
- Kapim;
- Branko;
- Negro.
Acars na Turquoise ba bakon abu bane a cikin ruwan Trinidad. Akars galibi suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfin ruwa tare da ƙarancin kwararar ruwa mai wadataccen tannins. Sun fi son yankuna masu kauri na tsirrai na ruwa, tare da taimako na ƙasa, wanda ke ba da kifi da adadi mai yawa na mafaka. Wadannan kifin suna gama gari a yankin bakin ruwa.
Kusan dukkan nau'ikan cutar kansa sun fi son kasancewa a bakin teku. An ba da fifiko ga wurare da yawa da ciyawar ruwa, tare da ganye masu faɗi waɗanda ke fitowa zuwa farfajiya. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna ba kifin ikon ɓoyewa daga mahaukata. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a sami isasshen sarari don yin iyo kyauta, kodayake akasarin sun fi so su riƙe yankin yankin da aka zaɓa.
Menene alamar turquoise take ci?
Hoto: Akara
Akars ne masu cin karensu ba babbaka. Wato, kifin yana haɗiye abincinsa gaba ɗaya kuma yana ƙoƙari ya haɗiye shi ba tare da taunawa ba. Wasu lokuta ana iya lura da ajizancin wannan nau'in cin abincin a cikin soya nau'ikan nau'ikan cutar kansa, waɗanda ake miƙa musu abinci na kai tsaye, wanda bai dace ba daidai da na'urar bakinsu. Misali, bututun da ya yi tsayi da yawa baya cikin ciki, amma zai fara aiwatar da shi ne ta hanyar kwararar ruwa ta bakin da yake budewa da bakin ciki - karshen tubule din kawai ya rataya ne daga ramin gill. Kifin daga ƙarshe ya mutu.
Asalin abincin kansa shine abincin furotin. A dabi'a, suna ciyarwa galibi a kan ƙwayoyin kwari na cikin ruwa, ɓawon burodi. Wasu nau'ikan cututtukan kansa, kamar su turquoise cancer, ana dacewa dasu sosai don cin katantanwa. Acars ba za su bar kifi ba, girmansa yana sa ya yiwu mai farauta ya haɗiye abincin.
Don cikakken ci gaba da girma (kamar kowane kifi, kifin kifin yana girma cikin rayuwa), abincin ya kamata ya haɗa da wani ɓangare mara mahimmanci na abincin tsirrai. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, kifayen suna karbar irin wannan abincin ta hanyar hakowa da kuma hadiye kwayar shuke-shuke. Game da kula da akwatin kifaye, ban da abinci mai gina jiki, ana ƙara abinci mai wucin gadi don kifi mai kifi da ciyawar abinci.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Turquoise akara namiji da mace
Masu ra'ayoyin ruwa a wani lokaci suna magana da cutar kansa kamar masanan kifi. An bambanta kifi da kyawawan halaye, sun san ba maƙwabtansu na dindindin ba, amma mai su. Har ma ana iya tankwara su yadda za a yi musu laushi.
Halin zamantakewar cutar kansa ya bambanta da nau'ikan halitta. Misali, wakilan jinsin paraguay na alama (sunan Latin na Bujurquina vittata), wanda kuma tsakanin masanan ruwa suka sani da akara vitata, suna da matukar tashin hankali. Tuni a cikin shekarun soya, ta fara nuna rashin haƙuri ga wakilan jinsi ɗaya na jinsinta. Yayin da suka girma, tashin hankali yana yaduwa ga wakilan kowane nau'in kifi, wanda ke yin ƙoƙarin yin iyo zuwa yankin da akara vitata ya ɗauki nasa.
Bayan sun balaga, wanda ke faruwa a cikin watanni takwas na haihuwa, ciwon daji ya fara samar da daidaitattun nau'i-nau'i. Akars suna da aure kuma suna rayuwa har abada. Sigogin da ake hada ma'aurata ba a yi nazarin su ba tukuna, amma an lura cewa idan aka dasa mace baliga da mace baliga, gwajin zai kare cikin bala'i - namiji zai ci bakon da ba a so. Kodayake, a gefe guda, idan gilashi ya rabu biyu, a tsawon lokaci sai namiji ya daina ƙoƙarin korar mace kuma ya ba ta damar shiga yankinsa.
Bayan sun zabi yankin da suke zaune, wasu cututtukan daji sun fara kare shi daga mamaye makwabta. Wannan yanki na iya zama ƙarami kaɗan, misali, kawai 100 cm² kamar laetacara curviceps, amma biyun a bayyane suke gyara iyakokin da ba a yarda kowa ya ƙetara ba. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa game da halayyar cutar kansa shine cewa an fi bayyana tashin hankali a cikin mata, waɗanda yawanci ke haifar da faɗa da jawo maza cikin su.
Tsarin haifuwa a cikin dukkan nau'ikan cutar kansa iri daya ne. Ana farawa spawning ta hanyar ƙaruwa a cikin zafin jiki, wanda ke tare da haɓaka cikin iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa da raguwar matakin nitrates da nitrites, phosphates, ƙaruwar taushi na ruwa, da canji cikin ƙoshin ruwa. A dabi'a, wannan aikin yana farawa ne yayin da yawan ruwa yake ƙaruwa sakamakon farkon lokacin damina mai yawa. A cikin akwatinan ruwa, ana samun irin wannan canjin ta hanyar ƙaruwa ƙarfin iska, sauye-sauyen ruwa tare da ƙari na distillate.
An bayyana yarda a lokacin haihuwa ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin launi da canjin hali. Akars suka zaɓi kuma suka fara shirya wurin da za a saka ƙwai. Matsayin mai mulkin, waɗannan su ne lebur duwatsu. Tsananin ciwon daji yana ƙaruwa - suna himmatu don kare dutse. An goge saman dutsen da kifin. A cikin akwatin kifaye, ana iya maye gurbin dutse da yumbu, filastik. Idan kadada ba ta sami abin da ya dace ba, za su fara share wani yanki na ƙasa wanda, a ganinsu, ya dace da ƙwai.
Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa a lokacin da ake yaduwa, glandon da ke bakin lebba na kansar sun fara fitar da kwayoyin cuta. Don haka, kifin ba wai kawai tsabtace farfajiyar bane, har ma yana kashe shi. A lokaci guda, akasai suna tono wani abu a cikin ƙasa tsakanin rami da mink - wannan shine wurin da za a sauya tsutsar tsutsar bayan ƙyanƙyashe. Hawan ragowa na faruwa kamar haka - mace ta yi iyo a kan dutsen, ta jera ƙwai jere, sai namijin ya bi ta kuma ya sa ƙwan.
Bayan kwanciya, mahaifi ɗaya yana sama da shi kuma yana sanya ƙwanƙolin kama ta motsi da fikafikan pectoral. Iyaye na biyu suna kare gidan sauro daga shigar wasu kifaye. Wasu nau'ikan cutar daji, bayan sun fara haihuwa, suna tattara ƙwai a cikin ramin baka kuma su ƙwai kwan a ciki. Sakamakon bita da kwalliyar kwastomomi da C Kullander ya yi a 1986, an ba da waɗannan cututtukan sankara ga wani nau'in Bujurquina na musamman. Bayan resor na jakar kwai a cikin soya, iyaye za su fara ciyar da su - suna tauna abincin kuma su sake shi a cikin tarin soya. Bayan soya ta sami ikon yin iyo kyauta, iyaye ba su daina kula da su ba. Yayin da soyawar ke girma, suna barin iyayensu kuma suna haɓaka sabbin wuraren zama.
Abokan gaba na cutar kanjamau
Photo: Turquoise kifi akara
Akars ba su da sha'awar kasuwanci don ayyukan tattalin arziki. Saukaka kiwo da aka yi ya haifar da asarar sha'awar wadannan kifin daga masu samar da kifin na akwatin kifaye zuwa hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci a Amurka, Turai da Asiya, kuma ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki ba ya haifar da sha'awa daga kamfanonin da ke da hannu a kama nau'in kifin tebur.
Don haka, mahaɗan masu cutar kansa sun bayyana abubuwanda waɗannan kifayen abincin ƙasa ne. Irin waɗannan abokan gaba, da farko, sun haɗa da caimans na yara, waɗanda abincinsu a farkon rayuwar rayuwa ya dogara da ƙananan kifi da manyan kwari. Irin wannan dabba kamar turmutsitsin matamata shima ya sami nasarar farautar kansa. Hakanan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da ke farautar kifi a cikin ruwa mai zurfi kuma suna haifar da babbar illa ga yawan masu cutar kansa. Yaran da ke cikin irin waɗannan kifaye kamar arapaim ba sa ƙyamar akara.
Kusan babban maƙiyin kansar sune irin waɗannan mafarautan masu ƙwarewa kamar 'yan otal ɗin Brazil. Koyaya, raguwa mai yawa a cikin mutanen na ƙarshen saboda sa hannun ɗan adam a cikin yanayin Amazon, ya cire waɗannan mahautan daga cikin jerin manyan abokan gaba na cutar kansa. A halin yanzu, ba a gano dabbar da za ta farautar mafi yawanci don cutar kansa ba. Saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa a yi maganar takamaiman makiya waɗannan kifayen.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Akara
Akaras a sauƙaƙe suna dacewa da rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Ana iya samunsu a cikin rafukan da suke gudana a hankali, a cikin ɗakunan ruwa mai danshi da rafuka waɗanda suke saurin sauka daga duwatsu. Hakanan raƙuman ruwa ba su da alaƙa da haɓakar ruwa da ke cikin ruwa. Matsayin taurin ruwa, mai dadi ga rayuwa, yana da fadi sosai - 3 - 20 dGH. Bukatun Acidity - pH daga 6.0 zuwa 7.5. Yanayin zafin jiki yana da fadi sosai don rayuwa mai kyau - daga 22 ° С zuwa 30 ° С.
Babban matakin sabawa da sauya yanayin muhalli ya baiwa Akars damar ba su rage yawan alumma ba saboda sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa a cikin Amazon sakamakon sare dazuzzuka da ake yi. Akasin haka, raguwar adadin makiya na halitta sakamakon aikin tattalin arzikin dan Adam har ma ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan wadannan kifaye a muhallin halittu.
Akara ba a haɗa su a cikin Lissafin IUCN na dabbobi da kifi ba, saboda haka ba a ɗaukar matakan kiyayewa dangane da su. Yawan waɗannan kifaye a Kudancin Amurka suna da karko kuma ba su da wata alamar ƙi.
Ranar bugawa: 26.01.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/18/2019 a 22:14
