Mikiya ta Steller (Haliaeetus pelagicus) ko mikiya na teku na Steller na cikin umarnin Falconiformes.
Alamomin waje na ungulu na Steller.
Mikiya ta Steller tana da girman kusan cm 105. Fukafukan fikafikan su 195 - 245 cm.Sannin rikodin ya kai cm 287. nauyin tsuntsun farauta daga 6000 zuwa 9000 gram. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan mikiya. Fuskarta tana da sauƙi a gane ta jirgin sama ta fukafukanta masu siffa irin na baka da kuma wutsiya mai tsaka-tsaka. Da ƙyar fikafikan fikafikan suka kai ƙarshen wutsiyar. Hakanan yana da babban baki, fitacce kuma mai haske mai haske.
Filayen tsuntsun ganima farare ne mai ruwan kasa, amma goshi, kafadu, kwatangwalo, wutsiya a sama da ƙasa fari ne mai haske. Yawancin ratsi masu launin toka suna bayyane a kan hular da kan wuya. Fuka-fukai akan shins suna yin farin "wando".
An rufe kai da wuya tare da zane-zane mai launin shuɗi da fari, wanda ya ba tsuntsayen taɓawar launin toka. Musamman sanannen ruwan toka a cikin tsohuwar mikiya. Fuka-fukai masu manyan aibobi fari. Fata ta fuska, baki da ƙafafuwa launin rawaya-lemu ne. A cikin iska, gaggafa ta Steller ta yi baƙi ƙirin a cikin sautin, kuma kawai fikafikan da wutsiya suna da fari sabanin babban layin.
Canza launi na manya ya bayyana yana da shekaru 4-5, amma an kafa launi na ƙarshe na plumage ne kawai ta hanyar shekaru 8-10.
Mace ta fi ta maza girma. Birdsananan tsuntsayen suna da baƙar fata mai laushi tare da yashi na gashin fuka-fuka a kai da kirji, kazalika da spotsanƙara fari a saman gashin da ke tsakiyar da kuma gefunan jiki. Wutsiya tayi fari tare da gefen duhu.
Iris, baki da kafafu rawaya ne. A cikin jirgin sama, ana iya ganin kodaddun launuka daga kasa a kirji da kuma a cikin hamata.
Tushen gashin gashin jela fari ne da ratsi mai duhu. Thearshen wutsiya ya fi zagaye; ana cinsa a cikin manyan tsuntsaye.
Mazaunin mikiya na Steller.
Dukkanin rayuwar gaggafa ta Steller tana da alaƙa da yanayin ruwa. Kusan dukkanin gurbi suna da nisan kilomita daya da rabi daga bakin teku. Gidajen suna da mita 1.6 a diamita kuma tsayin mita daya. A lokacin kiwo, tsuntsaye masu cin nama suna rayuwa a gabar teku, a wuraren da akwai tsaunuka masu tsayi da bishiyoyi, da gangaren gandun daji daban-daban da bays, lagoons, estuaries.
Mikiya ta bazu.
Mikiya ta Steller ta faɗaɗa gaɓar Tekun Okhotsk. An samo shi a Yankin Kamchatka kuma a arewacin Siberia. Farawa daga kaka, gaggafar teku ta Steller ta sauko kudu zuwa Ussuri, zuwa arewacin tsibirin Sakhalin, da Japan da Koriya, inda suke jiran lokacin mara kyau.
Fasali na halayyar gaggafa.
Mikiya ta Steller tana amfani da hanyoyin farauta da yawa: daga kwanton bauna, wanda suke shiryawa a kan bishiya daga tsayin mita 5 zuwa 30, wanda ke jingina a saman ruwa, daga inda ya faɗo kan abin da ta kama. Hakanan mai farauta mai fuka fukai yana neman kifi, yana yin da'ira mai faɗin mita 6 ko 7 sama da tafkin. Lokaci-lokaci yakan fuskanci matsaloli yayin farautar, lokacin da kifin ya taru a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani yayin zanawa, ko kuma lokacin da tafkin ke lulluɓe da kankara, to gaggafa ta Steller ta fisge kifin a cikin hanyoyin.
Kuma a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da kifin ya mutu, gaggafa ta tara ɗaruruwan mutane a bakin kogin, suna ciyar da wadataccen abinci. Bakinsu mai girma da ƙarfi yana da kyau don yayyage ƙananan ƙananan sannan kuma haɗiye da sauri.
Saurari muryar dirar mikiya
Kiwo da mikiya.
Mikiya na Steller sun yi shekaru a shekaru 6 ko 7. Lokacin nest yana farawa da wuri, a ƙarshen Fabrairu a Kamchatka, a farkon Maris a Tekun Okhotsk. Wasu tsuntsaye masu farauta galibi suna da gida biyu ko uku, waɗanda suke amfani da su a madadin shekaru.
A cikin Kamchatka, kashi 47.9% daga cikin nests suna kan birch, 37% akan poplar kuma kusan 5% akan sauran bishiyoyi.
A gabar Tekun Okhotsk, galibin gidajen ana samunsu ne a kan tsutsa, manyan bishiyoyi ko kankara. An daga su sama da mita 5 zuwa 20. Gidajen suna ƙarfafawa kuma ana gyara su kowace shekara, don haka bayan yanayi da yawa, zasu iya kaiwa mita 2.50 a diamita da mita 4 a zurfin. Wasu daga cikin gidajan suna da nauyi sosai har sukan birkice su fado ƙasa, lamarin da ya sa kajin suka mutu. A cikin dukkan ma'auratan da ke gina gida, kashi 40% ne kawai suke yin ƙwai kowace shekara. A cikin Kamchatka, kamawa yana faruwa daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen May kuma ya ƙunshi ƙwai masu launin fari-kore-1-3. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 38 - 45. Eananan mikiya suna barin gida a tsakiyar watan Agusta ko farkon Satumba.
Mikiya na ciyarwa.
Mikiya na Steller sun fi so su ciyar da abincin da ke rayuwa fiye da mushe. Yawan su na rarrabawa ya dogara da yawan abinci kuma, musamman, kifin kifi, kodayake suna cin naman dawakai, kurege, dawakai na arctic, squirrels na ƙasa, dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma wani lokacin molluscs. Rabon abinci ya bambanta dangane da yanayi, yanki da nau'in jinsin abin da ake samu. A cikin bazara, gaggafa ta farautar maguna, kwarkwata, agwagwa, da hatimin samari.
Lokacin kifin kifi yana farawa a watan Mayu a Kamchatka da tsakiyar Yuni a Tekun Okhotsk, kuma ana samun wannan kayan abinci har zuwa Disamba da Oktoba, bi da bi. Wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cin abinci a bakin teku a cikin yankuna na yau da kullun na mikiya goma, waɗanda galibi ke kai hari kan yankunan mashigin teku a cikin bazara kafin kifin ya iso. Mikiya, wacce ke gida a bakin tabkuna, suna ciyar da kusan kifi ne kawai: irin ciyawar ciyawa, ciyawa, da kifin kifi. A wasu wurare, ana cin kifin kifi, kifin kifi, kifin kifi, kifi, kifin kifi, pike. Mikiya na Steller suna farautar raƙuman kai masu duhu, tern, agwagwa, da hankaka. Suna kai hari kan kurege ko muskrat. A wani lokaci, suna cin ɓarnar kifi da gawar.
Dalilan raguwar adadin gaggafar Steller.
Raguwar adadin gaggafar Steller ta kasance saboda karuwar kamun kifi da kuma kasancewar wani abin damuwa daga bangaren masu yawon bude ido. Mafarauta suna harbi kuma suna kama tsuntsayen ganima, suna zaton cewa gaggafa tana ɓata fatun dabbobi masu ɗauke da fata. Wani lokaci ana harbi tsuntsayen ganima, suna gaskanta cewa suna cutar da barewar. A gefen koguna kusa da manyan hanyoyi da ƙauyuka, matsalar hargitsi tana ƙaruwa, kuma manyan tsuntsaye suna barin kamawa.
Ptedaukar matakan tsaro masu dacewa.
Mikiya ta Steller ba ta da yawa a cikin 2004 IUCN Red List. An tsara wannan nau'in tsuntsayen masu cin nama a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red bayanai na Asiya, Tarayyar Rasha da Gabas ta Tsakiya. An rubuta wannan nau'in a Rataye na 2 CITES, Shafi 1 na Yarjejeniyar Bonn. An kiyaye shi bisa Shafi na yarjejeniyoyin bangarorin biyu da Rasha da Japan, Amurka, DPRK da Korea suka kulla akan kariyar tsuntsayen masu kaura. An kiyaye gaggafa ta Steller a cikin yankuna na musamman. makirci. Adadin tsuntsayen da ba safai suke da yawa ba kuma sun kai kusan mutane 7,500. Ana ajiye gaggafar Steller a cikin gidan zoo 20, ciki har da Moscow, Sapporo, Alma-Ata.
