Mollienesia (lat.Mollienesia) ita ce kifin akwatin kifaye wanda har ma waɗanda suke nesa da nishadi suka sani. Amma ban san kowa da kowa cewa a zahiri akwai nau'uka daban-daban daga cikinsu: baƙar fata, dusar ƙanƙara, velifera, sphenops, latipina
Koyaya, kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan da kuka ambata, duk suna sanannu kuma suna da yawa a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma suna cikin jinsin guda, kodayake wani lokacin suna da banbanci sosai.
Kuma duk saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da fa'idodi da yawa - suna da lumana, suna da wuyar fahimta kuma basu da ma'ana, marasa tsada, kuma masu sauƙin haihuwa.
Waɗannan kifin ne na Amurka, kamar yadda suke zaune a Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka. Za'a iya raba nau'ikan daji gida biyu - wadanda suke da gajerun fika-fikai, kamar su zoben baki, da wadanda suke da dogaye, kamar su velifera ko marbled.
Rayuwa a cikin yanayi
Kifi ne mai ɗanɗano daga asalin Poecilia, wani ɓangare na dangin Poeciliidae. Waɗannan kifayen asalin ƙasar Amurka ne, amma mazauninsu na iya bambanta sosai. Yawanci yana zaune a yankunan bakin teku na Arewa da Kudancin Amurka, amma ana samunsa a wuraren da koguna ke kwarara zuwa cikin teku, a cikin ruwa mai ƙyalli.
Ana iya kiran dukkanin nahiyar da ƙasarsu, suna da yaɗuwa sosai.
- Black mollies ko Sfenops (Poecilia sphenops) suna rayuwa daga Mexico zuwa jihohin arewacin Amurka.
- Mollienesia latipinna (Poecilia latipinna) tana zaune a gefen kudu maso gabashin Amurka da kuma cikin Meziko.
- Velifera (Poecilia velifera) ko kuma manyan tsafin ruwa (na jirgin ruwa) asalinsu yankuna ne na Yucatan da Mexico.
Dukkanin su ana rarrabe su da fannoni daban-daban, rashin wayewa da kuma nuna isa, wanda yasa suka zama gama gari a waɗannan yankuna.
Yawancin jinsunan sun bayyana a cikin akwatin kifaye tun a farkon 1899, da kuma wasu nau'ikan da suka haɗu daga 1920.
Yanzu zaku iya samun narkakkun baƙi, dusar ƙanƙara (gaba ɗaya fari ko rawaya), azurfa, a cikin tabo Kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ci gaba da girma da samun shahara.
Bayani
Baƙin ƙananan baƙaƙe ɗayan ɗayan nau'in nau'in nau'in kayan ne a cikin 1930, ya kai 6-10 cm a cikin akwatin kifaye, kuma har zuwa 12 cm a yanayi.
Tsammani na rayuwa ya kai kimanin shekaru 3, amma yana iya yin tsayi.
Baki yana da jikin jiki baki ɗaya, inuwa mai zurfin sheki. Sau da yawa akan sami nau'ikan siffofi waɗanda suke da wutsiyar wutsiya a cikin sifar lyre, baƙar fata.
Latipina yayi girma har zuwa 10 cm a cikin akwatin kifaye, kuma har zuwa 20 cm a yanayi. Launin jiki launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin shuɗi mai duhu da shuɗi. Babban fasali shine babban ƙarancin dorsal.
Velifera gabaɗaya yayi kama da sipina, amma yanzu ya sami sabon sanannen kamanni - an ɗauke fararen kwalliya daga gare ta - ƙwallon dusar ƙanƙara.
Wahala cikin abun ciki
Kifi mai sauƙi da mara kyau waɗanda suka dace da masu sha'awar nishaɗi. Wannan gaskiya ne ga sanannen sanannen baƙin wauta.
Kuna buƙatar yin hankali kawai tare da siffofin diski ko, kamar yadda ake kiransu, balan-balan, saboda fasalinsu mai lankwasa, ƙarancin rayuwarsu bai kai na kifi na al'ada ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, siffar balan-balan din scoliosis ce, tare da duk sakamakon da ke zuwa.
Don masu ilimin ruwa, sabbin zafin nama na yau da kullun sune mafi kyawun zabi tunda basu da buƙata, suna da saukin haihuwa kuma suna buƙatar ƙaramin tankuna.
Don kiyaye kowane irin, kuna buƙatar ingantaccen akwatin akwatin kifaye, sarari isa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa abincin su ya ƙunshi yawancin tsire-tsire da algae.
Ciyarwa
Yadda ake ciyar da mollies? Kifayen da ke cin abinci iri-iri, masu sanyi ko na wucin gadi.
Amma, suna buƙatar abinci mai yawan gaske tare da zaren tsire-tsire, kamar su algae ko kayan lambu. Gaskiyar ita ce a dabi'a, kifi yana da algae da yawa da yawa iri iri a cikin abincin, leɓunansu da halayensu suna nuna wannan. Galibi ana ganin su suna goge ƙazantar daga gilashi da kayan ado a cikin akwatin kifaye. Suna amfani da leɓunansu don kankare su daga saman.
Daga abincin kayan lambu, hanya mafi sauki ita ce a bayar da flakes tare da spirulina, ko kuma ɗan dafaffun kokwamba, zucchini, latas.
Daga dabbobi - tsutsar jini, tubifex, brine shrimp. Gabaɗaya, babu matsaloli game da ciyarwa, babban abin tunawa shine cewa abincin tsire yana da mahimmanci a gare su.
Ciyarwar wucin gadi irin su flakes da pellets zaɓuɓɓuka ne masu kyau. Gwada gwada su da sauran abinci don samar da nau'ikan abubuwan gina jiki.
Rayuwa da daskararren abinci sune ingantattun hanyoyin gina jiki. Za a ci abinci da ƙwayoyin jini da ɗan kyan gani da farin ciki, amma yawancin sauran zaɓuɓɓukan suna aiki da kyau kuma.
Ciyar da su kananan abinci sau biyu a rana. Wannan yana ba tsarin narkewarsu ikon sarrafa abinci. Basu kamar yadda zasu iya ci a cikin minti biyu zuwa uku.
Kulawar Aquarium da kulawa
A cikin daji, wuraren mora na iya bambanta sosai. Sun saba da halaye daban-daban, gami da haƙuri don ruwa mai ƙaiƙayi da manyan matakan ruwan sha.
Don kifi da yawa, ana buƙatar kusan lita 60, zai fi dacewa daga 100, tunda ba kawai za ku ƙunshi su ba. Zasu iya girma zuwa 10 cm da kansu, kuma a cikin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa zasu kasance matse.
Kowane ƙarin kifi na buƙatar kimanin lita 5 don rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali. Babban dalilin da muke wa'azin cewa manyan akwatinan ruwa suna da kyau shine saboda sun fi saukin kulawa. Kifi na iya sauƙaƙa zuwa ƙananan wuraren zama, amma ingancin ruwa shine mahimmin abin da yake da ƙarancin ƙarfi a cikin ƙananan akwatinan ruwa.
Da zarar kuna da ruwa, mafi sauƙin shine tsaftace akwatin kifayen ku. Girman babban kwantena na ruwa, gwargwadon ruwan da za a dafa shi da kashin kifi da abincin da ba za a ci ba, wanda zai nitse zuwa kasan tankinku. Thearamin ruwan ruwa, mafi sauƙin gurɓatar shi.
Sigogin ruwa na iya zama daban sosai yayin da suke daidaitawa daidai da yanayin gida. Amma ana bada shawara: zafin jiki na ruwa 23-28C, ph: 7.0-8.0, taurin 20-30 dGH. Mollys waɗanda aka kama sun saba da yanayi daban-daban, don haka bai kamata ku damu da kowane nau'in da ke buƙatar ruwa daban-daban ba.
Lura cewa kifin na iya jure ruwan gishiri sosai, kuma albarkatu da yawa ma suna ba da shawarar musamman gishirin.
Ee, ba zai zama mafi muni a gare su ba, amma kar ku manta cewa da kansu ba safai suke rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye ba, amma maƙwabta za su iya jure wa yawan gishirin ƙwarai da gaske.
Ina ba da shawarar komawa ga gishiri kawai idan suna zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye shi kaɗai ko don keɓe masu keɓaɓɓu.
Dangane da ƙirar akwatin kifaye, wannan gabaɗaya zaɓin ku ne. An ba da shawarar cewa akwai shuke-shuke da yawa a ciki, tun da ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna son cire allon algae daga gare su.
Layer na yashi mai yashi kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne. Duk da cewa ba zasu dauki lokaci mai yawa a gindi ba, kyawawan yashi na yashi yana da kyau ga shuke shuke.
Kuna iya zaɓar tsire-tsire da kuka fi so, amma dogayen daji kamar Vallisneria suna ba da kyakkyawan ɓoye ga waɗannan kifin.
Hakanan yana da kyawawa cewa akwai mai tacewa, wanda yake na ciki. Tabbatar canzawa zuwa kashi 20% na ruwa kowane mako, saboda suna saurin gurɓata shi.
Kula da su, kamar sauran kifayen: ciyarwa da canjin ruwa na yau da kullun, in ba haka ba basu da kyau.
Karfinsu
Da farko dai, waɗannan kifaye ne marasa lahani da kwanciyar hankali. Cikakke don aquariums na gaba ɗaya, masu dacewa da kowane salama da ƙaramin kifi.
Suna cikin lumana a mafi yawan lokuta, amma suna iya nuna alamun tashin hankali lokacin da tankar tayi cunkoso ko kuma kewaye da maƙwabta masu zafin rai. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci akwatin kifin ya isa sosai kuma suna da maƙwabta masu dacewa (ƙari akan wannan a ƙasa).
Ba za ku iya kiyaye su da nau'ikan halittu masu tayar da hankali ba. Maƙwabta masu kyau za su zama wasu kifaye masu rai: guppies, platies, takobi. Hakanan sun dace da yawancin nau'o'in da ba su dace ba: gourami, sikeli, neons, barbs
Mollys suna aiki kuma suna fita, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke jin daɗin yin iyo tare. Ya kamata garken mata su kasance mata yawanci, kamar yadda aka san maza da damun mata.
Bambancin jima'i
Bambanta mace da namiji abu ne mai sauqi. Mata galibi sun fi girma, tare da ciki mai girma da zagaye. Bambanci mafi dacewa shine siffar fin ƙarfin, a cikin maza ana birgima shi a cikin bututu (gonopodia), kuma a mata yana da kusurwa uku.
Sake haifuwa
Suna hayayyafa, kamar guppies, viviparous. Wato, an haifi soyayyen da ya riga ya zama cikakke kuma mai iya rayuwa, ta hanyar wucewar matakin ƙwai.
Mace mai ciki ta soya tsawon kwanaki 30-40, hanya mafi sauki ita ce lura da lokaci daga haihuwa ta ƙarshe, kuma a faɗi sabon lokacin.
Tunda yana yiwuwa a fahimci ko mace tana da juna biyu ne kawai ta hanyar zagayen cikinta. Tare da babban yiwuwar, za ta sake haihuwa ta soya.
Kiwo baya buƙatar kowane yanayi na musamman, ya isa a kiyaye mata da maza tare a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa.
Yana da matukar wahala fahimtar lokacin da mace tayi ciki, musamman a cikin baƙaƙe. Abu mafi sauki shine kallon ciki, a bayyane take samun nauyi lokacin da ta soya.
Mace tana haihuwa kusan kowace kwanaki 40-45, don haka kawai zaka iya yin alama ranar haihuwar ta ƙarshe ka jira. Don hana soya daga cin abinci, yana da kyau a dasa mace a cikin akwatin kifaye daban, koyaushe tare da tsire-tsire.
Soyayyen da ake haihuwa yawanci manya ne, kuma nan da nan zai fara ciyarwa. Abu ne mai sauqi a ciyar da shi, galibi isasshen abincin mashed don kifin manya.
Idan kanaso ya girma da sauri, zaka iya ciyar dashi da brine shrimp nauplii kuma yanke tubifex.
