Wataƙila, da yawa sun san saba da irin shimfidadden kifin da ba a saba gani ba fama, wanda, ban da asalinsa, kuma sanannen sanannen ɗanɗano ne. Tabbas, daga yanayin bayyanarsa, mutum na iya tunanin yana rayuwa daidai a ƙasan, amma mutane ƙalilan ne suka sani game da rayuwarta a cikin zurfin ruwa. Bari mu fasalta fasalin waje na wannan keɓaɓɓiyar kifin, mu bayyana halaye da halaye, sannan mu gano wuraren dindindin na warwatse.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Filaye
Iyalai masu rabon gado sune nau'ikan kifin kifi mai rai wanda yake mallakar kayan kwandon shara. Wadannan kifaye ana kiran su masu madaidaiciyar dama, saboda idanunsu suna gefen dama na kai. Wasu nau'ikan nau'in kifin suna dauke da tsarin ido mai kyau (mai juyawa). Abubuwan da ke gefuna biyu na kayan kwalliyar suna da kyau kuma suna da matsattsun tushe. Iyalan da ke yin yawo suna da nau'ikan kifaye 60, sun haɗu a cikin zuriya 23.
Bidiyo: Tarkon ƙasa
Duk da cewa kowane nau'i yana da halaye irin nasa na mutum, har yanzu akwai sauran sifofi na yau da kullun da suka dace da duk masu fadan, suna da:
- Jiki ya daidaita sosai;
- kusa-kafa idanu tare da mahimmin siffar. Motsawar su na iya zama dayawa kuma yana da 'yanci da juna gaba daya;
- sabon abu asymmetrical shugaban;
- layin layi wanda yake tsakanin idanu;
- karkataccen baki da hakora masu kaifi sosai;
- elongated fins sanye take da haske mai yawa;
- gefen makafi mai haske, wanda aka rufe shi da laushi da fata mai kauri;
- gajeren caudal peduncle.
Eggswai masu ɓaɓɓuka ba su da digo mai, saboda haka suna motsawa cikin yardar kaina a cikin ruwa (iyo), wani lokacin ma suna haɓaka a cikin babba. Nau'ikan biyar ne kawai suka fito daga cikin zuriyar da ke ƙwai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Flatfish yana da baiwa ta musamman don sake kamanni, wanda ke bayyana kansa a canza launin fata don dacewa da saman ƙasan, a cikin wannan al'amari game da kwaikwayo, suna ma iya yin gasa da hawainiya.
Ya kamata a lura cewa kifayen jinsi daban-daban suna da yawan bambance-bambance a tsakanin su. Maza sun fi mata ƙanƙanta, suna da tazara mai tsayi tsakanin idanu, kuma haskensu na farko na ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwanƙwasa ya fi na mata tsayi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kifi yawo
Mun riga mun gano cewa wakilan dangi masu rarrabuwa ana rarrabe su ta jiki mai laushi, wanda zai iya samun sifar rhombus ko oval, duk wannan matsi da wuce gona da iri yana da alaƙa da rayuwar ƙasa. Al’ada ce a raba dukkan masu bazuwar ruwa zuwa na kogi, wadanda suka fi son ruwa mai kyau, da kuma na teku, wadanda suka fi son ruwan gishiri.
Varietiesungiyoyin ruwa guda uku suna wakiltar kogin:
- tauraruwa mai siffar tauraruwa mai idanu masu hagu. Launin wannan kifin na iya zama kore mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa, tare da ratsiyoyi masu launin baki da ke bayyane a ƙasan. Hannun ido yana da alamun wanzuwar faranti. A matsakaici, tsayin jikin kifin ya kai rabin mita ko ƙari kaɗan, kuma nauyin bai wuce kilo uku zuwa hudu ba;
- polar flounder, wanda ke tattare da juriya mai sanyi, jiki mai tsayi mai tsawo da launin ruwan kasa mai ɗauke da sinadarai, fika suna da inuwar tubalin ja;
- Black Sea Kalkan, wanda yake da kwasfa na ido a gefen hagu na zagaye, an rufe shi da ƙyallen ƙura masu yawa a gefen ido na jikin. Launi ya mamaye yanayin sautin mai ruwan kasa-zaitun. Girman kifin yana da girma ƙwarai, ya wuce tsawon mita ɗaya, kuma nauyin zai iya kaiwa kilo 20.
Masu yawo a teku suna da girma iri-iri, launi, fasali da wurin idanuwa.
Daga cikinsu akwai:
- zirga-zirgar ruwa, wanda ke da yanayin kewayon launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan lemo ko ja. Mafi girman tsawon kifin zai iya kaiwa mita, kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo 6 - 7. Mimicry tsakanin wannan nau'in an haɓaka sosai;
- launuka masu launuka masu launin rawaya, suna son yanayi mai sanyi, tare da jiki zagaye, wanda ke iyaka da fuka-fure masu launin rawaya. Tsawon jikin kifin baya wuce rabin mita, kuma nauyinsa kusan kilogram ne. An bambanta wannan nau'in ta wurin kasancewar ma'auni tare da ƙananan ƙaya;
- farin da yake da farin ciki na arewa da na kudanci wanda yake na kasa iri-iri kuma ya kai rabin mita a girma. Daga gefen idanun, an yi wa kifin fenti a launi mai ruwan madara, kuma a yankin idanun launuka masu launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana. Wannan rarrabuwa ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar layi mai lankwasa, ta akwatin layi;
- halibuts, wanda ke da iri biyar. Manyan su sun kai mita 4.5 a tsayi kuma sun auna kusan kilogram 350. Halibut mai laushin hakora an dauke shi mafi karami, nauyin sa bai wuce kilogiram 8 ba, kuma tsawon sa ya bambanta daga 70 zuwa 80 cm.
Da yawa sun ji labarin ɓarkewar Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma ba jinsi ba ne, amma suna ne wanda ya haɗa kusan jinsuna goma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Halibuts ana ɗaukarsu mafi girman nau'in yawo. Waɗannan ƙattai suna rayuwa a cikin Tekun Atlantika da na Fasifik kuma suna da tsawon rai waɗanda za su iya rayuwa tsawon rabin karni a cikin zurfin ruwa.
A ina fatake ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Tsugune a cikin Rasha
Daban-daban nau'ikan sharar suna zaune cikin kowane yanki na ruwa, bari muyi ƙoƙari mu gano ainihin inda wannan ko wancan nau'in yake rayuwa. Tsarin fasalin tauraruwa ya mamaye ruwan arewacin Tekun Fasifik, ya sauka a cikin tekun Bering, Okhotsk, Chukchi da tekun Japan. Kifin wannan nau'in, ya fi son ruwa mai daɗi, yana rayuwa a cikin kogin ƙanana, lagoons da bays. Tekun Bahar Maliya ya zaɓi Tekun Atlantika na Arewa da ruwan Baƙin Bahar Rum, da na Tekun Bahar Rum. Baya ga yankunan teku, ana iya samun kalkan a cikin Dnieper, Dniester, a cikin ƙasan Kudancin Kwarin, a bakin Don.
Ana yin rijista a cikin karkara, Bering, Okhotsk, Barents, White teas. Yana zaune cikin kifin mai kaunar sanyi Ob, Karu, Yenisei. Tuguru, inda ya fi son zama a cikin ƙasa mai taushi. Ruwan teku na yau da kullun na iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai gishiri mai ɗan kaɗan da ɗan gishiri a zurfin mita 20 zuwa 200. Ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in na kasuwanci kuma yana zaune a gabashin gabashin Atlantic, a cikin Barents, Baltic, Rum, White teas. Ana iya kiran mazaunin yankunan bakin teku na Primorye kudu mai farin ciki, wanda kuma ya zaɓi ruwan Jafananci, Kamchatka, Okhotsk da tekun Bering.
Ana iya samun yawon shakatawa na Yellowfin a cikin ruwan tekun Japan, na Bering da Okhotsk, inda ya bazu sosai. Yawancin wannan kifin yana zaune kusa da Sakhalin da yammacin Kamchatka, inda lebur yake bin zurfin da ya fara daga mita 15 zuwa 80 kuma yana son ƙasan da yashi. Halibuts sun zaɓi Tekun Atlantika, ana samun su a cikin zurfin zurfin Tekun Arewa, suna zaune a Tekun Pacific, gami da yankunan Japan, Okhotsk, Barents da Bering Teas.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Canjin yanayin halittu da yawan adadi masu yawa sun basu damar zama cikin nutsuwa gaba dayan bakin gabar Eurasia tare da mamaye manyan tekuna.
Yanzu kun san inda fatarar take. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene kwandon shara yake ci?
Photo: Black Sea flounder
Abubuwan da ake sarrafawa a cikin ruwa suna da yawa sosai; ana iya kiran wannan kifin mai farauta. Waɗannan kifaye masu laushi suna iya nuna aikin ciyarwa da daddare, da magariba, da rana, ya dogara da kasancewa da wani nau'in. Abincin dabba yana wakiltar abincin kifi.
Saurayi yana cin abinci:
- benthos;
- Amfani;
- tsutsotsi
- tsutsa;
- caviar;
- kayan kwalliya;
- katako.
Balagagge kifi ci:
- ophiur;
- kowane irin echinoderms;
- tsutsotsi;
- invertebrates;
- karamin kifi;
- crustaceans.
An lura cewa flounders kawai suna kaunar ƙananan ƙananan sifofi da jatan lande. Saboda gaskiyar cewa kifin kifin yana da wurin da yake gefe, masu baƙinciki sun saba da yadda za su yi taƙama da ƙananan mollusks daga ƙasa waɗanda ke rayuwa a kan kogin ko kuma a bakin teku. Bawo ƙatuwar kaguwa da ƙaƙƙarfan kwasfa masu ƙarfi don yawo ba abin cikas ba ne, saboda tana da ƙarfi da muƙamuƙi. Masu yawo ba su son barin mafaka mai aminci, don haka galibi akwai isassun ƙananan kifaye suna iyo kusa da shi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu kamun kifi sun lura cewa ba safai ba ta barin wurin ɓuyarsa, saboda haka, don ta faɗo kan ƙugiya ta juya idanunta a kan koto, ya zama dole a karkatar da ita daidai hancin kifin, don haka ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa nama mai kwalliya yana da matukar daraja, a wani bangare, saboda gaskiyar cewa abincin kifi ya daidaita kuma yana dauke da furotin mai yawa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Tsagwaro a cikin teku
Ainihin, duk masu ɓata gari suna rayuwa cikin keɓantacciyar rayuwa. Dangane da sake kamanni, ƙwararrun masanan ne. Cikakken daidaitawa zuwa shimfidar ƙasa (ikon mimicry). Suna ciyar da kaso mafi tsoka na lokacin kifinsu a cikin yanayi mai kyau a ƙasa ko a cikin zurfin ƙasa, suna binne kansu ga idanun sosai. Wannan yana taimaka wajan kasancewa mai ganuwa daga manyan mafarauta kuma cikin dabara suka kwace ganima daga kwanton bauna.
Da farko kallo, yawo zai iya zama kamar ba shi da hankali ko kuma a hankali, a hankali yake tafiya a hankali a saman kasa cikin motsin da ba ya tafiya. Don haka lebur yana nuna hali lokacin da baya jin wata barazana, amma idan akwai dalilai na hakan, to nan take kifin ya rikide ya zama mai saurin ninkaya, wanda farkon sa shine saurin walƙiya da sauri, kuma saurin ci gaba yana da mutunci sosai cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci.
Lokacin da halin da ake ciki ke buƙatarsa, kwalliyar, kamar harsashi, tana yin laushi mai ƙarfi na jikin ta, wanda a take ke motsa kifin nesa da mita da yawa a inda ake so, yayin da taimakon murfin gill, mahaukatan suna fitar da kwararar ruwa mai ƙarfi zuwa ƙasan, ta haka yana tayar da matsala daga gare ta ... Duk da yake yana watsewa, yaudara da dabara za ta iya kama abin da ta fi so ko ɓoye daga idanun masu farauta, kodayake yana da matukar wahalar hango kifin, saboda ya haɗu da yanayin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayin gwajin, masana kimiyya sun rufe kasan akwatin kifaye, inda masu yawo suke rayuwa, tare da wani kuli na musamman da aka zana a cikin kejin baƙar fata da fari. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, bayyanannun wurare masu launuka biyu masu duhu da haske sun bayyana a jikin kifin.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Teku flounder
Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, masu ɓata gari sun fi son kasancewar kadaitaccen ƙasa. Lokacin ɓata lokaci ga kowane jinsi na mutum ne, ya dogara da matakin ɗumama ɗumbin ruwa da farkon bazara. Gabaɗaya lokacin kiwo yawo daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Har ila yau, akwai banda ga wannan tazara. Misali, wani nau'i kamar su turbot ya shiga lokacin saduwa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Agusta a cikin ruwan Arewa da Tekun Baltic. Arctic flound spawns a cikin dusar ƙanƙara Kara da Barents teku daga Disamba zuwa Janairu.
Nau'ikan yawo iri daban-daban sun balaga cikin jima'in daga shekara uku zuwa bakwai. Mata na yawan nau'ikan halittu suna da 'ya'ya sosai, don haka kama ɗaya zai iya ƙunsar ƙwai miliyan 0.5 zuwa 2. Ainihin, lokacin shiryawa bai wuce makonni biyu ba. Don haɓakar kifi, suna zaɓar yankunan bakin teku masu zurfin teku tare da ƙasan rairayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Soyayyen fulawa suna da kamanni na kifi, ba a haife su nan da nan ba kuma suna da alaƙa a garesu.
Girma, kifin yana canzawa a hankali, yana zama kama da iyayensu. Idonsu, wanda yake gefen hagu ko dama, yana motsawa zuwa gefen ido na biyu, wannan ɓangaren kifin ya zama na sama, kuma gefen mara ido yana nufin ciki, wanda fatarta ke yin kaushi, saboda amfani dashi don zamewa tare da kasa. Da farko, benthos da zooplankton sun fi yawa a cikin abincin yara dabbobi.
Ya kamata a kara da cewa wasu nau'ikan suna yin kwai a zurfin zurfin mita hamsin, saboda ƙwai suna da ƙarfin ƙaruwa, kuma ba sa buƙatar a gyara su a kowane yanayi mai wuya. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar masu yawo doguwa ne, yana da kimanin shekaru 30, amma kifin da ke rayuwa zuwa wannan mahimmin abu ana ɗaukarsa da ƙarancin gaske, saboda akwai makiya da yawa da abubuwa marasa kyau akan hanyarsu.
Halittan makiya na flounder
Hotuna: Farar fata
Kodayake masu yawo suna da kyakkyawar baiwa da ke taimaka musu su kasance ba a sani ba, har yanzu kifin yana da abokan gaba. Ofaya daga cikin masu ƙyamar fata shine eels, waɗanda basa ƙyamar cin kifi mai laushi. Bugu da kari, manyan halibut ba tare da lamirin lamiri sun afkawa danginsu da suka yi kaura ba. Tabbas, mafi raunin shine ƙananan dabbobin da basu da ƙwarewa, waɗanda zasu iya zama abun ciye-ciye ga duk masu cin abincin ruwa.
Abun bakin ciki, amma makiyin masu safarar mutane shima mutum ne wanda yake halakar da wannan kifin saboda dadi, dadi, farin nama, wanda yanada matukar amfani. Kusan ko'ina, ana kamuwa da ɓata gari koyaushe, daga masunta ɗaiɗaikun masunta da kuma manyan matakan jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa kifayen ba sa iya yin rayuwa har zuwa shekara talatin, saboda yawancinsu suna mutuwa, suna faɗawa cikin ragar kamun kifi.
Baya ga tasiri kai tsaye, mutane suna da wanda ba kai tsaye ba, wanda ke yin tasiri ga mahalli ta hanyar ayyukansu na tattalin arziki, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar yanayin muhalli gaba ɗaya. Yawancin hanyoyin ruwa (koguna da tekuna) sun ƙazantu sosai, don haka ƙananan kifi, waɗanda suke matsayin tushen abinci ga masu yawo, sun ɓace a cikinsu. Ana iya kiran mutane mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi munin abokan gaba, tk. tan na wannan kifin ana kama shi kowace rana. Baya ga duk yanayin rashin ingancin da ke sama na kifi, mutum kuma zai iya ambaton gaskiyar cewa adadin rayuwar kwan kwai ba shi da girma, saboda haka, rabinsu kawai suna ci gaba da wanzuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Flat flounder
Halin da ke da yawan yawan masu kwalliyar ba ta da tabbas. Yafi dogara da wani nau'in kifi. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa yawan ɓarna yana fuskantar matsalar yawan yanayi, lokacin da aka lura da ci gaban da ake samu, a hankali ya zama koma baya ga yawan kifin.
Tabbas, yawan masu sauka a hankali yana raguwa, a wasu nau'ikan wannan tsarin yana tafiyar hawainiya, a wasu kuma yana samun saurin gaske, saboda haka abin damuwa ne ga kungiyoyin kare muhalli. Yawancin yawan masu yawo a koyaushe suna ƙarƙashin tasirin tasirin tasirin anthropogenic, wanda, da farko, ya haɗa da mafi girman nauyin kamun kifi.
Ana kama yawancin masu yawo a kowace rana, wanda hakan ke rage yawan mutanen su. Wasu nau'ikan jinsin suna fuskantar barazanar bacewa, saboda ba su da yawa daga cikinsu, don haka suna buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman. Kar a manta cewa lalacewar yanayin muhallin halittu da kaso hamsin na rayuwar ƙwai suma suna shafar yawan kifaye masu fa'ida. Ya kamata mutum yayi tunani game da ayyukansa na dabbanci, matsakaici ga sha'awar sa, in ba haka ba wasu wakilan wannan ƙaƙƙarfan iyalin zasu ɓace gaba ɗaya daga cikin zurfin ruwa, to halin da ake ciki ba zai yiwu ba.
Mai tsaron gida
Hotuna: Faɗuwa daga littafin Red
Kamar yadda muka riga muka lura, yanayin adadin wasu mutanen da ke kwasar ganima abin takaici ne matuka, suna fuskantar barazanar hallaka gaba daya, wanda ba zai iya damuwa ba.Misali, wani nau'in kayan kwalliya irin su Arnoglos na Bahar Rum (kayan kwalliyar Kessler) yana fuskantar barazanar bacewa, saboda ya zama ba safai ba. An tsara wannan iri-iri a cikin Red Book of Ukraine tun 1994. Babban abin da ke iyakance shi ne gurbatar yankin ruwan Bahar Maliya, wanda baya barin qwai su bunkasa gaba daya. Hakanan, kamawa tare da taimakon seines yana haifar da wannan ɓarnar zuwa mutuwa tare da wani kama.
Bahar Maliya (kalkan) shine kifin kasuwanci mafi daraja da tsada. A cikin shekarun sittin na karnin da ya gabata, kusa da yankunan Kirimiya, an gudanar da kamun kifin da yawa sosai (har zuwa tan dubu biyu zuwa uku a kowace shekara), wanda ya haifar da raguwar yawan jama'arta, kuma a 1986 hukumomi sun ba da sanarwar haramcin kama kalkan, saboda kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya a duk cikin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. Yanzu wannan hanin ba a mutunta shi, kodayake yawan kalkans yana haifar da damuwa.
Babban matakan kiyaye halittun da ke cikin hadari na kifaye masu kamala sune:
- tsananin hana kamawa;
- karuwar tara saboda karya wannan hanin;
- gano wuraren shigar da kifi na dindindin da sanya su cikin jerin wuraren da aka kiyaye;
- aikin bayyanawa tsakanin jama'ar gari.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙarawa, kodayake irin wannan yaduwar kifin kamar fama, yana da daɗi sosai kuma yana da ƙoshin lafiya, yana da kyau a kula da shi sosai, a rage kamewa da kamawa sosai don kauce wa mummunan sakamako wanda zai iya faruwa saboda yawan sha'awar mutane.
Ranar bugawa: 04.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/24/2019 da 18:08
