Discus (Latin Symphysodon, Turancin Discus na Turanci) kyawawan kifaye ne masu asali da sihiri a jikin su. Ba abin mamaki bane ana kiransu sarakuna a cikin akwatin kifaye na ruwa.
Babba, mai wuce yarda mai haske, kuma ba mai sauƙi mai haske ba, amma launuka daban-daban ... ashe ba sarakuna bane? Kuma kamar yadda ya dace da sarakuna, marasa gaggawa da mutunci.
Waɗannan kifin na zaman lafiya da kyawawan halaye suna jan hankalin masu sha'awar sha'awa kamar babu sauran kifayen.
Wadannan kifin na akwatin kifaye na cichlids ne kuma sun kasu kashi uku, biyu daga cikinsu sun dade da sanin su, kuma dayan an gano ba da dadewa ba.
Symphysodon aequifasciatus da Symphysodon discus sune shahararru, suna zaune ne a tsakiya da ƙasan Kogin Amazon, kuma suna kamanceceniya sosai a launi da halayya.
Amma nau'ikan na uku, shudi mai launin shudi (Symphysodon haraldi), wanda Heiko Bleher ya bayyana kwanan nan kuma yana jiran ƙarin rarrabuwa da tabbatarwa.
Tabbas, a halin yanzu, nau'ikan daji ba su da yawa fiye da siffofin keɓaɓɓiyar halittar. Kodayake waɗannan kifayen suna da banbancin launuka daga siffar daji, sun fi dacewa da rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.
Haka kuma, wannan shine ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kifin akwatin kifaye, da ke buƙatar sigogin ruwa mai ƙarfi, babban akwatin kifaye, ciyarwa mai kyau, kuma kifin kansa yana da tsada sosai.
Rayuwa a cikin yanayi
Gida a Kudancin Amurka: Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, inda suke zaune a cikin Amazon da raƙuman ruwa. An fara gabatar da su zuwa Turai tsakanin 1930 da 1940. Attemptsoƙarin farko ba su yi nasara ba, amma sun ba da kwarewar da ake buƙata.
A baya can, wannan jinsin ya kasu kashi-kashi da yawa, amma, daga baya karatun ya soke rarrabuwa.
A halin yanzu, akwai sanannun jinsuna guda uku da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi: discus kore (Symphysodon aequifasciatus), Discus na Heckel ko ja discus (Symphysodon discus). Nau'i na uku da Heiko Bleher ya bayyana kwanan nan shine launin ruwan kasa (Symphysodon haraldi).
Nau'in hankali
Kore Discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus)
Pellegrin ya bayyana a cikin 1904. Tana zaune a tsakiyar yankin Amazon, galibi a cikin Kogin Putumayo a arewacin Peru, da kuma cikin Brazil a Tafkin Tefe.
Heckel Discus (Symphysodon discus)
Ko ja, wanda Dr. John Heckel (Johann Jacob Heckel) (Johnn Jacob Heckel) ya fara bayyana a cikin 1840, yana zaune ne a Kudancin Amurka, a cikin Brazil a cikin kogunan Rio Negro, Rio Trombetas.
Blue Discus (Symphysodon haraldi)
Da farko Schulz ya bayyana shi a cikin 1960. Yana zaune a ƙananan ƙananan Kogin Amazon
Bayani
Wannan babban kifin akwatin kifaye ne, mai kamannin diski. Dogaro da nau'in, zai iya yin girma har zuwa 15-25 cm a tsayi. Wannan ɗayan ɗayan cichlids ne masu matse gefe, kama da diski a cikin fasalinsa, wanda ya sami sunansa.
A halin yanzu, ba shi yiwuwa a bayyana launi, tun da yawancin masu launuka iri-iri da nau'ikan shayarwa daga masu son koyo. Ko da jera su su kadai zai dauki dogon lokaci.
Shahararru sune jinin kurciya, lu'u lu'u lu'u, turkis, fatar maciji, damisa, tattabara, rawaya, ja da sauran su.
Amma, yayin aiwatar da ƙetarewa, waɗannan kifin ba wai kawai sun sami launi mai haske ba, amma har ila yau da rauni na rigakafi da saurin cuta. Ba kamar nau'in daji ba, sun fi dacewa da buƙata.
Wahala cikin abun ciki
Yakamata masana masan ruwa su kiyaye zancen kuma tabbas basu dace da kifi don farawa ba.
Suna da matukar buƙata kuma zasu kasance ƙalubale har ma ga wasu ƙwararrun masanan ruwa, musamman a kiwo.
Kalubale na farko da mashigin ruwa ke fuskanta bayan sayayya shine daidaitawa zuwa sabon akwatin kifaye. Kifin manya sun fi dacewa da canjin wurin zama mafi kyau, amma har ma suna iya fuskantar damuwa. Girman girma, rashin lafiya, neman buƙata da ciyarwa, yawan zafin jiki na ruwa don adanawa, duk waɗannan mahimman abubuwan suna buƙatar sani da la'akari dasu kafin siyan kifin farko. Kuna buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye, matattara mai kyau, abinci mai alama da haƙuri mai yawa.
Yayinda ake samun kifin, ya kamata a kula sosai, domin suna iya kamuwa da cutuka tare da sinadarai, da sauran cututtuka, kuma motsawa zai haifar da damuwa da zama abin ƙarfafa ci gaban cutar.
Ciyarwa
Yawanci suna cin abincin dabbobi, yana iya zama daskararre kuma ya rayu. Misali: tubifex, tsutsar ciki, ruwan kwalliya, coretra, gammarus.
Amma, masoya suna ciyar da su ko dai abincin discus, ko nau'ikan nama, wanda ya haɗa da: zuciyar naman shanu, jatan lande da naman mussel, ɗanyen kifi, nettles, bitamin, da kayan lambu iri-iri.
Kusan kowane mai son sha'awa yana da girke-girke na kansa wanda aka tabbatar dashi, wani lokacin yana kunshe da kayan haɗin da dama.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa waɗannan halittun sun fi mara da kunya kuma an hana su, kuma yayin da sauran kifayen ke cin abinci, suna iya ruɗuwa wani wuri a cikin kusurwar akwatin kifaye. Saboda wannan dalili, galibi ana kiyaye su daban da sauran kifaye.
Mun kuma lura cewa ragowar abinci mai wadataccen furotin da ke faɗuwa zuwa ƙasa yana haifar da ƙaruwar abun ciki na ammoniya da nitrates a cikin ruwa, wanda ke da lahani ga kifi. Don kauce wa wannan, kuna buƙatar ko dai siphon a kai a kai, ko kuma kada ku yi amfani da ƙasa, wanda yawancin yan koyo keyi.
Abincin mai rai, musamman tsutsar ciki da tubifex, na iya haifar da cututtuka iri iri da guba na abinci, don haka galibi ana ciyar da su ko dai da naman da aka niƙa ko abinci na wucin gadi.
Yin fim a Amazon:
Adana cikin akwatin kifaye
Don kiyayewa kuna buƙatar akwatin kifaye na lita 250 ko sama da haka, amma idan zaku kiyaye kifi da yawa, to ƙimar ya zama mafi girma.
Tunda kifin yana da tsayi, akwatin kifaye yafi dacewa, haka kuma mai tsayi. Ana buƙatar matatar waje mai ƙarfi, siphon na yau da kullun na ƙasa da maye gurbin ɓangaren ruwa mako-mako.
Discus yana da matukar damuwa da abun cikin ammonia da nitrates a cikin ruwa, kuma hakika ga sigogi da tsarkin ruwa. Kuma kodayake su da kansu suna haifar da 'yar shara, amma galibi suna cin naman da aka nika, wanda yake saurin tarwatsewa cikin ruwa kuma yake gurbata shi.
Sun fi son ruwa mai laushi, mai ɗan kaɗan acidic, kuma dangane da yanayin zafin jiki, suna buƙatar ruwa wanda ya fi ɗumi zafi fiye da yawancin kifin na wurare masu zafi. Wannan na daga cikin dalilan da suke wahalar da kifi wajen samun makwabta.
Yanayi na al'ada don abun ciki 28-31 ° C, ph: 6.0-6.5, 10-15 dGH. Tare da wasu sifofin, yanayin cutar da mutuwar kifi yana ƙaruwa.
Waɗannan kifaye ne masu matukar jin tsoro, ba sa son sautuka masu ƙarfi, motsi na kwatsam, bugu akan gilashi da maƙwabta marasa nutsuwa. Zai fi kyau a gano akwatin kifaye a wuraren da ba za a taɓa damuwa da su ba.
Ruwa na akwatinan ruwa suna dacewa idan akwai wadataccen dakin yin iyo. Amma, a lokaci guda, ya kamata a yi la'akari da cewa ba duk tsire-tsire ba ne da za su iya jure yanayin zafi sama da 28 C da kyau, kuma yana da matukar wahala a sami jinsunan da suka dace.
Zaɓuɓɓukan da ka iya yiwuwa: didiplis, vallisneria, anubias nana, ambulia, rotala indica.
Koyaya, waɗanda ke yan koran da ba sa son kuɗi don takin zamani, CO2 da haske mai inganci, suna samun nasarar tattara su a cikin masu maganin ganye. Koyaya, waɗannan kifaye suna da daraja da kansu, ba tare da rakiya ba. Kuma kwararru suna ajiye su a cikin akwatinan ruwa ba tare da tsire-tsire ba, ƙasa, itaciya da sauran kayan ado.
Don haka, sauƙaƙa sauƙin kula da kifi, da rage haɗarin cututtuka.
Lokacin da kuka fara sakin kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ku basu lokaci don kuɓuta daga damuwa. Kada ku kunna fitilun, kar ku tsaya kusa da akwatin kifaye, sanya shuke-shuke a cikin akwatin kifaye ko wani abu na kifi na iya ɓoyewa a baya.
Yayinda suke kalubalantar kuma suke neman kulawa, zasu kawo gamsuwa mai yawa da farin ciki ga mai son sha'awa kuma mai son nishaɗin.
Karfinsu
Ba kamar sauran cichlids ba, kifin na discus kifi ne mai cike da nishadi kuma mai kayatarwa. Ba masu farauta bane, kuma basa tono kamar yawancin cichlids. Wannan kifi ne na makaranta kuma ya gwammace ya kasance cikin rukuni 6 ko sama da haka kuma kar a haƙura da kadaici.
Matsalar zaɓan maƙwabta ita ce, suna jinkiri, suna cin abinci cikin annashuwa kuma suna rayuwa a yanayin zafin ruwan da ya ishe sauran kifayen.
Saboda wannan, haka kuma don kada a kawo cututtuka, ana ajiye rikodin galibi a cikin akwatin kifaye daban.
Amma, idan har yanzu kuna son ƙara makwabta zuwa gare su, to, sun dace da: ja neons, apistogram na Ramirezi, clown Fight, red-nosed tetra, Congo, da kifayen kifaye daban-daban don kiyaye akwatin kifaye, misali, tarakatum, kifin kifi tare da mai tsotsa maimakon an fi kiyaye bakuna saboda za su iya kai hari ga kifaye masu laushi.
Wasu masu shayarwa suna ba da shawarar a guje wa farfajiyoyi saboda yawanci suna ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta na ciki.
Bambancin jima'i
Yana da wahala a rarrabe mace da namiji, tabbas yana yiwuwa ne kawai a lokacin da ake yin zuriya. Kwararrun masanan ruwa sun bambanta da kai, namiji yana da goshi mai tsayi da lebe mai kauri.
Kiwo
Kuna iya rubuta labarin sama da ɗaya game da diskin kiwo, kuma ya fi kyau a yi haka don ƙwararrun masu kiwo. Za mu gaya muku a cikin sharuddan gaba ɗaya.
Don haka, sun hayayyafa, sun samar da daidaitattun ma'aurata, amma suna da sauƙi tare da sauran kifaye masu launi. Wannan masu amfani da kiwo ne ke amfani dashi don haɓaka sabbin launuka, waɗanda ba a san su ba.
An ɗora ƙwai kifi a kan tsire-tsire, itace, duwatsu, kayan ado; yanzu har yanzu ana siyar da kwano na musamman, waɗanda suka dace da sauƙin kulawa.
Kodayake yaduwar haihuwa na iya cin nasara a cikin ruwa mai wahala, taurin dole ne ya zama bai fi 6 ° dGH ba don ƙwai suyi takin. Ruwan ya zama mai ɗan kaɗan (5.5 - 6 °), mai laushi (3-10 ° dGH) da dumi sosai (27.7 - 31 ° C).
Mace tana yin kwai kamar 200-400, waɗanda ke kyankyashe a cikin awanni 60. A farkon kwanaki 5-6 na rayuwarsu, ana soya abinci a ɓoye daga fatar da iyayensu suka samar.
