Babban bishiyar Ayan spruce mai girma a cikin daji har zuwa 60 m, amma yawanci ya fi guntu (har zuwa 35 m) lokacin da mutane suka girma a wuraren shakatawa na wuri mai faɗi. Homelandasar spruce ita ce duwatsun tsakiyar Japan, kan iyakokin tsaunuka na Sin da Koriya ta Arewa da Siberia. Bishiyoyi suna girma kimanin 40 cm a kowace shekara. Inara girth yana da sauri, yawanci 4 cm a kowace shekara.
Ayansk spruce mai tauri ne, mai jure sanyi (iyakar juriya ta sanyi daga -40 zuwa -45 ° C). Allura ba ta faduwa duk shekara, fure daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, Cones sun yi girma a watan Satumba zuwa Oktoba. Wannan jinsin yana da banbanci (launi daban-daban - na miji ne ko na mata, amma duka jinsi biyu na launi suna girma ne a kan shuka ɗaya), iska ta lalata su.
Spruce ya dace da girma akan haske (yashi), matsakaici (loamy) da ƙasa mai nauyi (yumbu) kuma yana girma akan ƙasa mara kyau mai gina jiki. PH mai dacewa: ƙasa mai tsami da tsaka tsaki, baya ɓacewa koda akan ƙasa mai yawan gaske.
Ayan spruce baya girma a inuwa. Ya fi son ƙasa mai danshi. Shuka tana jurewa da ƙarfi, amma ba iskar teku ba. Ya mutu lokacin da yanayi ya gurɓata.
Bayanin ayan spruce
Diamita daga cikin akwati a matakin kirjin mutum yakai cm 100. Haushi mai launin toka-ruwan kasa ne, mai zurfin fiska kuma yana da flakes tare da sikeli. Rassan masu launin ruwan kasa ne masu santsi. Takaddun ganye suna da tsayi 0.5 mm. Alluran fata ne, na layi-layi ne, lebur ne, masu lankwasawa kadan a saman duka, tsawon 15-25 mm, 1.5-2 mm mai fadi, an nuna, tare da ratsi biyu na tatatuwa a saman sama.
Cones ɗin iri ɗaya ne, mai motsi, mai ruwan kasa, mai tsawon 4-7 cm, 2 cm a faɗin. Sikeli iri ya kasance tsattsauran ra'ayi ko tsayi-tsayi, tare da ƙwanƙwasa ko koli mai zagaye, ɗan hakora a gefen sama, tsawon 10 mm, faɗi 6-7 mm. Braarfafan da ke ƙarƙashin ma'aunin cones ƙanana ne, matsattse mai kauri, mai ƙarfi, mai ɗan kaɗan a gefen sama, tsawon 3 mm. Tsaba suna tserewa, launin ruwan kasa, tsawon 2-2.5 mm, 1.5 mm faɗi; fikafikan dogaye ne, kayataccen launin ruwan kasa ne, 5-6 mm tsawo, faɗi 2-2.5 mm.
Rarrabawa da ilmin halitta na ayan spruce
Akwai nau'ikan yanki guda biyu na wannan spruce mai ban mamaki, wanda wasu marubutan ke ɗauka a matsayin iri, wasu kuma a matsayin jinsin daban:
Picea jezoensis jezoensis ya fi kowa ko'ina cikin kewayonsa.
Picea jezoensis hondoensis ba safai ba, yana girma a cikin keɓaɓɓun mutane a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka na tsakiyar Honshu.
Picea jezoensis hondoensis
Ayan spruce, ɗan asalin ƙasar Japan ne, yana girma a cikin dazukan da ke ƙarƙashin Kuriles, Honshu da Hokkaido. A cikin Sin, yana girma a lardin Heilongjiang. A cikin Rasha, ana samun sa a cikin Yankin Ussuriysk, Sakhalin, Kuriles da Kamchatka ta Tsakiya, a arewa maso gabas daga bakin Tekun Okhotsk zuwa Magadan.
Spruce amfani a masana'antu
A Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Rasha da arewacin Japan, ana amfani da ayan spruce don samar da katako da takarda. Itace mai laushi ne, mara nauyi, mai juriya, mai sassauci. Ana amfani da shi don ado na ciki, kayan ɗaki, gini da ƙera kayan allo. Yawancin bishiyoyi galibi ana sare su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga gandun daji na asali. Ayan spruce nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke cikin Red Book.
Yi amfani dashi a cikin maganin jama'a da kuma gastronomy
Sassan kayan ci: launi, tsaba, guduro, haushi na ciki.
Loaramar inflorescences matasa ana cin ɗanyensu ko dafa su. An dafa mata cones da ba su balaga ba, ɓangaren tsakiya yana da daɗi da kauri idan aka soya shi. Haushi na ciki - an bushe shi, ƙasa a cikin foda sannan kuma a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai kauri a cikin miya ko kuma a ƙara shi zuwa garin fulawa a yin burodi. Ana amfani da duban harbe-harben matasa don yin shayi mai sanyaya rai mai wadataccen bitamin C.
Ana amfani da resin daga jikin kututturen ayan spruce don amfanin magunguna. Ana samun Tannin daga haushi, mai mahimmanci daga ganye.
