Nahiyar Afirka ta ƙunshi hamada da yawa, ciki har da Sahara, Kalahari, Namib, Nubian, Libya, Western Sahara, Algeria da kuma tsaunukan Atlas. Saharar Sahara ta mamaye yawancin Arewacin Afirka kuma itace mafi girma da kuma mafi tsananin hamada a duniya. Da farko masana sun yi imani da cewa samuwar hamadar Afirka ya fara ne shekaru miliyan 3-4 da suka gabata. Koyaya, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan na dusar ƙanƙara mai shekaru miliyan 7 ya sa suka yi imanin cewa tarihin hamadar Afirka na iya farawa miliyoyin shekaru a baya.
Menene matsakaicin zazzabi a hamadar Afirka
Yanayin zafin hamadar Afirka ya bambanta da na sauran Afirka. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana kusan 30 ° C duk shekara. Matsakaicin zafin lokacin bazara yana kusan 40 ° C, kuma a cikin watanni mafi tsananin zafi ya tashi zuwa 47 ° C. Matsayi mafi girma da aka rubuta a Afirka an rubuta shi a Libya a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1922. Na'urori masu auna zafin jiki sun daskare a kusan 57 ° C a cikin Al-Aziziya. Shekaru da yawa, an yi amannar cewa ita ce mafi tsananin tsananin zafin duniya a cikin tarihi.
Hamada na Afirka akan taswira
Menene yanayi a hamadar Afirka
Nahiyar Afirka tana da yankuna da yawa na yanayin yanayi, kuma saharar busassun wurare suna da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Karatun ma'aunin zafi da sanyin dare da dare suna da bambanci sosai. Hamada na Afirka galibi suna rufe arewacin arewacin nahiyar kuma suna karɓar ruwan sama kusan 500 a kowace shekara. Afirka ita ce nahiya mafi zafi a duniya, kuma manyan hamada sun tabbatar da hakan. Kusan 60% na nahiyar Afirka yana cike da busassun hamada. Hadari mai yawan ƙura suna yawaita kuma ana lura da fari a cikin watannin bazara. Baza a iya jurewa lokacin bazara ba tare da yankunan bakin teku saboda tsananin yanayin zafi da zafi mai zafi, ya bambanta da yankuna masu tsaunuka, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsakaicin yanayi. Iskan hadari da samum na faruwa galibi lokacin bazara. Yawancin watan Agusta galibi ana ɗaukar shi mafi kyawun watan don hamada.
Hamada da ruwan sama na Afirka
Hamada na Afirka suna karɓar matsakaicin ruwan sama na mm 500 a shekara. Ba a cika samun ruwan sama a cikin hamadar busasshiyar Afirka ba. Hawan ruwa ba shi da yawa, kuma bincike ya nuna cewa matsakaicin matakin danshi da babbar saharar ta karba bai wuce 100 mm a shekara ba. Hamada ta bushe sosai kuma akwai wuraren da ba a taɓa ɗanɗano ruwan sama ba a cikin shekaru. Mafi yawan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana faruwa ne a yankin kudanci a lokacin bazara mai zafi, lokacin da wannan yanki ya faɗo cikin yankin haɗuwa tsakanin juna (mai yanayin yanayi).
Ruwa a cikin Hamadar Namib
Yaya girman hamada na Afirka
Hamada mafi girma a Afirka, wato Sahara, ta kai kimanin murabba'in kilomita 9,400,000. Na biyu mafi girma shi ne hamadar Kalahari, wacce ta mamaye fadin murabba'in kilomita 938,870.
Deserauyukan Afirka marasa iyaka
Abin da dabbobi ke rayuwa a hamadar Afirka
Hamada na Afirka gida ne ga nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa, ciki har da Kunkuru na Hamada na Afirka, Kwarin Afirka na Hamada, Lizard na Hamada na Afirka, Barbary Tumaki, Oryx, Baboon, Hyena, Gazelle, Jackal, da Arctic Fox. Hamada na Afirka yana da gida ga nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa sama da 70, nau'in tsuntsaye 90, nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe guda 100 da kuma hanyoyin tsuntsaye da yawa. Mafi shaharar dabbar da ke tsallaka hamadar Afirka ita ce raƙumar dromedary. Wannan mawuyacin talikan yanayi ne na sufuri a wannan yankin. Tsuntsaye kamar su jimina, 'yan iska da tsuntsaye sakatare suna zama a cikin hamada. Sands da duwatsu gida ne ga nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe kamar kumurci, hawainiya, skinks, kada da kuma kayan kwalliya, gami da gizo-gizo, beetles da tururuwa.
Rakumar danshi
Yadda dabbobi suka saba da rayuwa a hamadar Afirka
Dabbobi a cikin hamadar Afirka dole ne su daidaita don kauce wa masu farauta kuma su tsira a cikin yanayi mai tsauri. Yanayin yana da bushewa koyaushe kuma suna fuskantar hadari mai tsananin gaske, tare da canjin yanayin zafin rana dare da rana. Dabbobin dawa da suka rayu a tarihin rayuwar Afirka suna da abubuwa da yawa don gwagwarmaya don rayuwa a cikin yanayin zafi.
Yawancin dabbobi suna ɓoye a cikin rami inda suke ɓoye daga tsananin zafin. Waɗannan dabbobin suna yin farauta da daddare, lokacin da ake yin sanyi sosai. Rayuwa a hamadar Afirka na da wahala ga dabbobi, suna fama da karancin ciyayi da hanyoyin samun ruwa. Wasu nau'ikan, kamar raƙuma, suna da tauri kuma suna da tsayayyar yanayin zafi, suna rayuwa tsawon kwanaki ba tare da abinci ko ruwa ba. Yanayi yana haifar da wuraren zama masu inuwa inda dabbobi ke ɓoyewa da rana lokacin da yanayin zafi ya fi yawa a hamadar Afirka. Dabbobin da ke jikin jikinsu ba mai saukin kamuwa da zafi kuma galibi suna jure yanayin zafi mai tsawo.
Babban tushen ruwa ga hamadar Afirka
Dabbobi na sha daga kogin Nilu da Neja, kogunan tsaunuka da ake kira wadis. Har ila yau, oases ɗin suna zama tushen ruwa. Mafi yawan kasashen da ke hamadar Afirka suna fama da fari a lokacin rani kasancewar karancin ruwan sama.
