Yankunan da ke da girgizar ƙasa, inda ake yawan samun girgizar ƙasa, ana kiran su belin girgizar ƙasa. A cikin irin wannan wurin, akwai ƙaruwar motsi na faranti lithospheric, wanda shine dalilin aikin volcananoes. Masana kimiyya sunyi iƙirarin cewa 95% na girgizar asa na faruwa a cikin yankunan girgizar ƙasa na musamman.
Akwai manyan bel da ke girgizar kasa guda biyu a duniya, wadanda suka bazu tsawon dubban kilomita tare da kasan teku da kasa. Wannan shine yankin Bahar Maliya da kuma Tekun Bahar Rum-Trans-Asiya.
Belt na Pacific
Belt na latitudinal ya kewaye Tekun Pacific zuwa Indonesia. Fiye da 80% na dukkan girgizar ƙasa a duniya suna faruwa a yankunanta. Wannan bel din ya ratsa ta tsibirin Aleutian, ya mamaye gabar yammacin Amurka, Arewa da Kudu, ya isa tsibiran Japan da New Guinea. Belt ɗin Pacific yana da rassa huɗu - yamma, arewa, gabas da kudu. Ba a yi cikakken nazarin na ƙarshen ba. A waɗannan wurare, ana jin aikin girgizar ƙasa, wanda daga baya ke haifar da bala'i.
Ana ɗaukar ɓangaren gabas mafi girma a cikin wannan bel. Ana farawa a Kamchatka kuma ya ƙare a madafin Antilles ta Kudu. A yankin arewacin, akwai aikin girgizar ƙasa koyaushe, wanda mazaunan California da sauran yankuna na Amurka ke wahala.
Bahar Rum-Trans-Asiya bel
Farkon wannan igiyar girgizar ƙasar a cikin Bahar Rum. Ya ratsa ta tsaunin tsaunin Kudancin Turai, ta Arewacin Afirka da Asiya orarama, kuma ya isa tsaunukan Himalayan. A cikin wannan bel ɗin, yankuna masu aiki sune kamar haka:
- Carpathian Romaniya;
- yankin kasar Iran;
- Baluchistan;
- Hindu Kush.
Game da aikin karkashin ruwa, an yi rikodin shi a cikin tekun Indiya da Tekun Atlantika, har ya kai kudu maso yamma na Antarctica. Tekun Arctic kuma ya faɗa cikin bel na girgizar ƙasa.
Masana kimiyya sun ba da sunan belin Bahar Rum-Trans-Asiya "latitudinal", yayin da yake shimfiɗa a layi ɗaya da mai kwatankwacin.
Girgizar ruwa
Rawar girgizar ƙasa rafuka ne waɗanda suka samo asali daga fashewar wucin gadi ko asalin girgizar ƙasa. Ruwan raƙuman ruwa suna da ƙarfi kuma suna motsawa cikin ƙasa, amma ana jin motsin ƙasa a saman kuma. Suna da sauri sosai kuma suna motsawa ta cikin gas, ruwa da kuma ingantaccen kafofin watsa labarai. Ayyukansu yana ɗan tuna da raƙuman ruwa. Daga cikinsu akwai raƙuman ruwa ko na sakandare, waɗanda suke da ɗan jinkirin motsi.
A saman murfin ƙasa, raƙuman ruwa suna aiki. Yunkurinsu yayi kama da motsin raƙuman ruwa akan ruwa. Suna da ikon lalatawa, kuma ana jiyo motsin rai daga aikin su. Daga cikin raƙuman ruwa akwai masu halakarwa waɗanda ke iya tura duwatsu.
Don haka, akwai yankuna masu girgizar ƙasa a doron ƙasa. Ta yanayin wurin su, masana kimiyya sun gano bel guda biyu - Pacific da Bahar Rum-Trans-Asiya. A wuraren da suka faru, an gano wuraren da ke da matukar girgizar kasa, inda dutsen da dutsen da girgizar ƙasa ke faruwa sau da yawa.
Orananan bel na girgizar ƙasa
Babban bel na girgizar kasa shine Pacific da Rum-Trans-Asian. Suna kewaye wani yanki mai matukar muhimmanci na duniyar tamu, yana da tsawo. Koyaya, kada mu manta game da irin wannan lamarin kamar bel na seismic na sakandare. Uku irin wadannan yankuna za a iya bambanta:
- yankin Arctic;
- a cikin Tekun Atlantika;
- a cikin Tekun Indiya.
Saboda motsi na faranti lithospheric, abubuwan mamaki kamar girgizar ƙasa, tsunamis da ambaliyar ruwa suna faruwa a waɗannan yankuna. Dangane da wannan, yankuna da ke kusa - nahiyoyi da tsibirai - suna fuskantar bala'o'i.
Don haka, idan a wasu yankuna kusan ba a jin aikin girgizar ƙasa, a wasu kuma zai iya kai matakin farko akan sikelin Richter. Yankunan da ke da matukar damuwa galibi suna cikin ruwa ne. A yayin gudanar da bincike, an gano cewa yankin gabashin duniya ya ƙunshi mafi yawan belts na sakandare. Farkon bel ɗin an ɗauke shi daga Philippines kuma ya gangara zuwa Antarctica.
Yankin girgizar kasa a cikin Tekun Atlantika
Masana kimiyya sun gano yankin girgizar kasa a cikin Tekun Atlantika a 1950. Wannan yankin yana farawa ne daga gabar Greenland, ya wuce kusa da Tekun Tekun Tekun Tekun-ta Tsakiya, kuma ya ƙare zuwa Tristan da Cunha Yunkurin girgizar kasa anan ya bayyana da kuskuren matasa na Middle Ridge, tunda ƙungiyoyin farantin lithospheric suna ci gaba a nan.
Aikin girgizar ƙasa a cikin Tekun Indiya
Yankin girgizar kasa a cikin Tekun Indiya ya faro daga yankin Larabawa zuwa kudu, kuma kusan ya isa Antarctica. Yankin girgizar ƙasa a nan yana da alaƙa da Mid Indian Ridge. Girgizar ƙasa mai sauƙi da fashewar dutsen dutse suna faruwa a nan ƙarƙashin ruwa, ƙididdigar ba ta da zurfi. Wannan saboda yawan kuskuren tectonic.
Belts na girgizar ƙasa suna cikin alaƙa ta kurkusa da sauƙin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa. Yayinda bel yake a yankin gabashin Afirka, na biyu ya faɗi zuwa Tashar Mozambique. Tekun Tekun ba su da tushe.
Yankin girgizar ƙasa na Arctic
An lura da girgizar ƙasa a cikin yankin Arctic. Girgizar ƙasa, fashewar dutsen dutsen mai aman wuta, da kuma wasu ɓarnataccen tsari na faruwa anan. Masana na sa ido kan hanyoyin da girgizar kasa ke bi a yankin. Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa ƙananan girgizar ƙasa yana faruwa a nan, amma ba haka lamarin yake ba. Lokacin shirya kowane aiki anan, koyaushe kuna buƙatar kasancewa akan faɗakarwa kuma ku kasance cikin shiri don abubuwa da yawa na girgizar ƙasa.
An bayyana girgizar ƙasa a cikin Tekun Arctic ta kasancewar Lomonosov Ridge, wanda ci gaba ne na Mid Atlantic Ridge. Bugu da kari, yankuna na Arctic suna da alamun girgizar asa da ke faruwa a kan gangaren yankin Eurasia, wani lokacin a Arewacin Amurka.
