Iska ita ce mafi girman arzikin duniya, amma kamar sauran abubuwa, mutane suna lalata wannan albarkatun ta hanyar gurɓata yanayi. Ya ƙunshi gas da abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci don rayuwar dukkan mutane. Don haka, ga mutane da dabbobi, oxygen yana da mahimmancin gaske, wanda ke wadatar da jiki duka yayin aikin numfashi.
Modernungiyar zamani ba ta ma san cewa mutane na iya mutuwa daga iska mai datti ba. A cewar WHO, a shekarar 2014 kimanin mutane miliyan 3.7 suka mutu a doron kasa, sakamakon cutar daji da gurbatar iska ta haifar.
Nau'in gurbatacciyar iska
Gabaɗaya, gurɓatar iska na dabi'a ne da na ɗan adam. Tabbas, nau'i na biyu shine mafi cutar da muhalli. Dogaro da abubuwan da aka saki cikin iska, gurɓatarwar na iya zama nau'ikan masu zuwa:
- na inji - ƙananan microparticles da ƙura sun shiga cikin yanayi;
- nazarin halittu - ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin iska;
- rediyoaktif - sharar gida da kuma abubuwa masu tasirin iska;
- sunadarai - yana faruwa yayin haɗarin fasaha da hayaƙi, lokacin da gurɓataccen yanayi ta hanyar phenols da carbon oxides, ammonia da hydrocarbons, formaldehydes da phenols;
- thermal - lokacin fitar da iska mai dumi daga kamfanoni;
- amo - da za'ayi tare da manyan sautuna da amo;
- lantarki - radiation na filayen electromagnetic.
Babban gurɓataccen iska shine tsire-tsire na masana'antu. Basu damu da muhalli ba saboda suna amfani da kananan wuraren kulawa da kuma fasahar da bata dace da muhalli ba. Hanyoyin sufuri suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga gurɓatar iska, kamar yayin amfani da motoci, ana fitar da iska mai iska zuwa iska.
Illolin gurbatar iska
Gurbatar iska matsala ce ta duniya ga bil'adama. Mutane da yawa a zahiri suna shaƙa, ba sa iya shan iska mai tsabta. Duk wannan yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban da matsalolin lafiya. Hakanan, gurbatarwa yana haifar da bayyanar hayaki a cikin manyan garuruwa, zuwa tasirin greenhouse, dumamar yanayi, canjin yanayi, ruwan sama na acid da sauran matsaloli tare da yanayi.
Idan mutane basuyi jinkiri fara rage yawan gurbatacciyar iska ba kuma basu fara tsarkake shi ba, wannan zai haifar da manyan matsaloli a doron ƙasa. Kowane mutum na iya yin tasiri a wannan yanayin, misali, canzawa daga motoci zuwa jigilar abubuwan da ba ta dace da muhalli ba - zuwa kekuna.
