Tsoffin asalin halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa, sananne ne saboda launinta mai tudu daban, yana cikin zurfin rayuwar Afirka. Tarihin sunan sunan alfadari, ma'anar kalmar ya ɓace a cikin ƙangin lokaci.
Amma kyawawan tufafin "doki mai taguwar ruwa" da ke zaune a nahiya mai nisa sanannu ne har ma ga yaro. Sunan mammal zebra sami sabon ma'ana hade da canjin rayuwa.
Bayani da fasali
Dabbar ta hada halayen jaki da doki. Zebra dabba ce karami a girma, tsawon jiki kusan 2 m ne, nauyi ya kai 360 kg. Maza sun fi girma girma, tsayinsu ya kai 1.6 m.
Ingantaccen gini, manyan kunnuwa, da doguwar wutsiya suna nuna halayen jaki na kowa. A cikin zebra, man gajeren gashi na tsari mai tsauri yana tsaye a tsaye. Goga mai gashin ulu yana kawata kai, ya shimfiɗa ta baya zuwa jela.
Afafu masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi, an ƙarfafa su da kofato masu ƙarfi. Dabbobi suna tsalle cikin sauri, har zuwa kilomita 75 / h, kodayake sun gaza dawakai cikin sauri. Dabarar gudu tare da kaifin juyawa, kaucewa motsi yana taimakawa kaucewa bi. Zebras sun fi ƙarfin yaƙi da manyan masu cin nama saboda ƙarfin jiki da jimiri.
Alfadari a hoto da idanu masu bayyana, amma ganinta mai rauni ne, kodayake dabba, kamar mutum, tana bambanta launuka. Kyakkyawan ƙanshin ƙanshi yana ba ka damar kewaya, godiya gare shi, dabbobi suna jin haɗari a nesa mai nisa daga mai farautar.
Ta hanyar ihun barazanar kai hari, jakunan jeji masu sanarwa suka sanar da dukkan iyalai. Sautunan da dabbobi ke fitarwa sun banbanta sosai - muryar jakin dawa a lokuta daban-daban yana kama da makwabcin dawakai, haushin karnukan gida, da kukan jaki.
Saurari muryar jakin dawa
Zebra dabba ce mai taguwar ruwa wani salo mai banbanci akan ulu shine katin kira na mutum. Ana nuna kowane hoto na launin dabba a cikin canzawa na ratsi, daban-daban a faɗi, tsayi, shugabanci. Tsarin layi na layuka halayyar kai ne da wuya, yanayin da aka lanƙwasa yana jikin, ratsi a kwance yana kan ƙafafu.
Launi yana da alaƙa da kewayon gidan iyalai:
- mutane masu launin baki da fari halaye ne na yankunan arewacin Afirka;
- zebra tare da ratsi masu launin toka-launin toka, launin ulu mai ruwan kasa - don savannahs na kudancin Afirka.
Dabbobi suna sanin juna sosai, kuma yara suna gane uwa. Rigima game da wacce launi asalin launi ce ta daɗe tana gudana. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin bayanin zebra, ana samun ma'anar baƙon doki tare da kasancewar fararen ratsi, wanda ke tabbatar da nazarin amfrayo. Launin baƙar fata yana ba da launi, in babu launin launin farar fata an ƙirƙira farin gashi.
Wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa a cikin ci gaban juyin halitta, launi na halitta ya tashi a matsayin hanyar kariya daga dawakai masu yawa, wasu kwari, waɗanda idanunsu masu haɗuwa suke ganin ratsiyoyi daban-daban ta hanyoyi daban-daban, suna ɗaukar su a matsayin abun da ba za'a ci abinci ba.
Wani zato na masana kimiyya suna danganta launi mai banbanci tare da kariya daga masu farauta, wanda yatsun ratsi ke hana gano dabbobin da zasu iya cin karo a cikin iska mai girgiza ta savanna. Matsayi na uku ya bayyana kasancewar raɗaɗɗu ta hanyar yanayin zafin jiki na musamman na jiki - ratsi yana zafi har zuwa matakai daban-daban, don haka tabbatar da motsi iska a cikin kusancin kusa. Wannan shine yadda jakunan dawa ke gudanar da rayuwarsu a ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi.
Irin
A cikin rarrabuwa da zebras, akwai nau'ikan 3:
Savannah zebra. Akwai suna na biyu - Burchell, tunda a karo na farko da aka fara yin nazari akan mazauna Afirka waɗanda masanin dabbobi V. Burchell ya bayyana. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, wannan nau'in yana da yawa, ana rarraba shi a kudu maso gabashin Afirka.
Animalananan dabba, kimanin mita 2.4 a tsayi, nauyi ya kai 340 kg. Ofarfin launi, bayyananniyar yanayin suturar ya dogara da mazaunin, sakamakon haka an gano ƙananan raƙuman 6 na savannah zebra. Bayani na nau'in quagga zebra, wanda ya ɓace a rabin rabin karni na 19, ya wanzu.
Bayyanar dabbar ba ta da tabbas - launin dokin kirji ne a bayan jiki, fasalin taguwa a gaba. Dabbobin da aka ragargaza sun tsare garken garken na dogon lokaci. Kungiyoyin dangi a cikin savannahs sun kunshi mutane kusan 10. A lokacin musamman lokacin bushewa, dabbobi na matsawa kusa da yankunan tsaunuka don neman ciyawar kore.
Jakin dawa. Anarin suna - Girar zebra ta Grevy ta bayyana ne bayan shugabancin Abyssinia ya gabatar da shugaban Faransa mai ba da izinin zama a hamada. An sami nasarar adana dabbobi a cikin yankunan gandun dajin kasa na gabashin Afirka - Habasha, Kenya, Uganda, Somalia.
Mazaunin hamada ya fi girma fiye da sauran nau'ikan dawa - tsawon mutum 3 m ne, nauyinsa kusan kilogram 400. Ana lura da muhimmiyar bambanci a cikin launin launuka masu launin fari, kasancewar baƙar fata tare da tudu. Cutar ciki na alfadarin haske ne, ba tare da ratsi ba. Yawan adadin makada ya fi girma - sun fi tazara sosai. Kunnuwa masu launin ruwan kasa ne, zagaye.
Giwa zebra. Rarrabawa ya hada da nau'ikan guda biyu - Cape da Hartmann. Dukkanin jinsunan biyu, duk da matakan kariya da masana kimiyyar dabbobin suka dauka, suna cikin barazanar bacewa baki daya saboda laifin mafarautan yankin da ke harbi ‘yan asalin yankin kudu maso yammacin Afirka. Cape zebra na da ƙananan siffofi, ba ta da kwatankwacin ciki.
Zebra Hartman yana da kunnuwa masu tsawo musamman.
Wuri na daban yana zaune ne da hadaddun mutanen da suka bayyana sakamakon tsallakawa da jakin dawa tare da dokin gida, jakin da jakin. Namiji jakin dawa ne, wanda daga can ne aka sami launin taguwar. Kyakkyawan ingancin daidaikun mutane shine yarda a cikin horo idan aka kwatanta da zebra.
Zebroids suna kama da dawakai, waɗanda aka zana wani ɓangare tare da raunin mahaifinsu. Zebrulla (oslosher) - dabbar dawa kamar alfadari ta hanyar kasancewar ratsi a wasu sassan jiki. Hybrids suna da halaye na zafin gaske wanda za'a iya daidaita su. Ana amfani da dabbobi azaman jigilar kaya.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Zebra dabbar daji ce Nahiyar Afirka. A arewa, an halaka mazaunan koren filayen a zamanin da. Yawan mutanen hamada, nau'ikan zebra na savannah ana kiyaye su a gabashin nahiyar a cikin yankuna masu tudu zuwa yankunan kudancin nahiyar. Numbersananan lambobin dawa na zaune a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka.
Alaƙar zamantakewar dabbobi tana bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Dabbobi wani lokaci sukan taru a cikin kananan garken dabbobi daga kungiyoyi daban daban na mutane 10 zuwa 50. Iyalan alfadari (maza, 5-6 mares, foals) suna da matsayi mai tsauri, yaran koyaushe suna ƙarƙashin tsananin kariya daga manya.
Kungiyoyin dangi zasu iya zama daban, a waje da garken. Dabbobin filaye suna da ƙungiyoyin samari samari waɗanda ba su sami nasu mahaɗan ba. Ana fitar da su daga garken garken don rayuwa mai zaman kanta yayin da suka kai shekaru 3 da haihuwa. Mutane kaɗaita waɗanda ba su manne wa dangi ba sau da yawa suna zama cikin haɗarin kuraye, damisa, zakuna, damisa.
Wani fasali na halayyar zebra shine ikon yin bacci yayin tsayuwa, a cunkushe cikin rukuni don kariya daga masu farauta. Da yawa daga cikin masu aika tsaro suna kiyaye zaman lafiyar iyali. Sanar da abokan gaba, idan ya cancanta, ba masu matsananciyar wahala. Yanayin da ba za'a iya sasantawa ba na zebra a lokacin yaƙin, juriya baya barin ko da zaki ya gamu da ita.
Lokacin da makiyi ya bayyana, dabbobi na yin kuwwa. Hankali na ɗabi'a, tsoro yana ba da zarafi kaɗan ga masu farauta su jimre da jakin dawa. Musamman raunana mutane, ƙwararan da ba su balaga ba, waɗanda aka ware daga garken garken, sun zama ganima.
Alfadari a cikin savannah Yana haɗu sosai a cikin garken garken tare da sauran mazaunan Afirka - barewa, bauna, dabbobin daji, jimina, rakumin daji, don tsayayya da hare-haren masu farauta tare.
Galibi ana kai hari ga dawakan da aka tsinka a yayin rami mai ruwa. Dabbar tana kare kanta ta hanyar harbawa - duka da kofato na iya zama sanadin mutuwa ga abokan gaba. Cizon dawa na alfadari yana da zafi sosai. Lokacin da dabba ta sake motsa jiki, girmanta yana karuwa a gani, wanda ke da matukar ban tsoro ga abokan gaba.
A cikin lura da halayyar dawa, masana kimiyya suna lura da rayuwar dabbobi na yau da kullun don yin wanka cikin laka don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Itacen bijimin bijimi yana taimaka wajan zama zebra mai tsabta, wacce ke zaune a kan fatar dabbar kuma tana zaɓar dukkan kwari daga ulu. Dawa, duk da bugun tsuntsu da bakinta, ba ya korar tsarinta.
Yanayin dabbobin da aka azabtar da su yana tabbatar da motsawar kunne:
- a cikin yanayin al'ada - madaidaiciya a tsaye;
- cikin tashin hankali - karkata baya;
- a lokacin firgici, sunci gaba.
Dabbobin da basu gamsuwa ba suna nuna nishi. Ko da mutane masu lahani suna riƙe da bayyanuwar dangin daji.
Gina Jiki
Herbivores na buƙatar adadin abinci mai mahimmanci don shayar da jiki tare da adadin adadin adadin kuzari. Abincin shine suturar ciyawar da ke cike, rhizomes na shuke-shuke, ganye, buds a kan shrubs, bawon itace, duk wani ci gaban matasa. Dabbobi suna tsunduma neman abinci ci gaba. A lokacin rani, garken shanu suna neman makiyaya.
Dabbobi suna da mahimmancin ruwa, suna buƙatar aƙalla sau ɗaya a rana. Ruwa yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mata masu shayarwa. Don neman hanyoyin samun ruwa, garken garken suna da nisa. Idan koguna sun bushe daga zafin rana, jakunan jeji suna neman tashoshin karkashin kasa - suna haƙa rijiyoyin gaske, har zuwa rabin mita, suna jira ruwan ya kwashe.
Dabi'ar ciyar da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun dogara da yankin mahalli. Don haka, abincin da ke tattare da jejin jeji yana mamaye abinci mai ƙarancin gaske tare da sifa mai haɗi, bawo, ganye. Mutanen tsaunuka suna liyafa a kan laushi mai laushi, ciyawa mai cike da ganuwar ganye. Zebras ba sa ƙi 'ya'yan itacen marmari, buds, harbe mai taushi.
Mutane masu ɗimbin ɗumi, ban da kiwo na ɗabi'a, ana ciyar da su da sinadarai masu ma'adinai, bitamin, wanda ke inganta ƙarfin jiki, kuma yana shafar tsawon rayuwar.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
'Ya'yan sun balaga a lokacin da suke da shekaru 2.5-3. Zebra mata suna shirye don saduwa da wuri, maza daga baya. Ana sake haifuwa kowace shekara uku, kodayake tarihin abubuwan lura sun hada da misalan bayyanar shekara-shekara da zuriyar dabbobi. Mata suna haihuwar zuriya don shekaru 15-18 na rayuwarsu.
Tsawon lokacin da mace tayi ciki kwana 370 ne. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana haihu ɗaya ne, mai nauyin kilogram 30. Sabon jariri mai launi ja. Daga awanni na farko, theayan ya nuna 'yanci - yana tsaye a ƙafafunsa, yana shan madara.
Bayan 'yan makonni, karamin zebra zai fara lalube da ciyawar kadan kadan kadan, amma abincin na uwa yana kasancewa duk shekara, saboda yana kare kariya daga kamuwa da cutuka ga kwayoyin halittar jarirai masu rauni, kuma yana kiyaye amintaccen aikin hanji. Madarar alfadari mai launin ruwan hoda mai kauri.
Duk manya sun tsare faranti a cikin iyalai, amma, duk da haka, yawan zuriya daga hare-haren masu farauta ya kasance babba. Rayuwar zebra a cikin yanayin yanayi tana ɗaukar shekaru 30, idan ba ta faɗa cikin tarkon makiya ba.
A cikin yanayin kariya na wuraren shakatawa na ƙasar, jakunan dawa na gida sun zama rayayyun shekaru na shekaru 40.Zebra - dabbar Afirka, amma darajarsa a cikin tsarin muhalli bashi da iyakokin nahiya. Hoton mazaunin tsirara tare da taurin kai ya shiga al'ada da tarihi.
