Bayani da fasali
Yanayin irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, na dangin mustelids, ba shi da wahalar lissafi ko kaɗan. Da zaran yakamata kuyi la'akari da hanyar sadarwar ruwa mai kyau akan taswirar ƙasarmu kuma ku ƙayyade wuraren da babu bishiyoyi inda ake samun kifi da yawa. A can ne tabbas waɗannan halittu suka sami mafaka.
Kuma ba abin mamaki bane, saboda irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ɗaya daga cikin irin mambobi ne na rukunin dabbobi masu ban sha'awa na ƙasa, ana kiran su: masu cin abincin ruwa. Sabili da haka, waɗannan dabbobin suna zama kusa da tsaftataccen ruwan sha, suna zama galibi a bakin koguna da tabkuna.
Kuma tsarinsu na zahiri yayi daidai da tsarin rayuwar waɗancan halittu na halittu, waɗanda dole ne suyi iyo da nutsuwa sosai kuma daidai.
Ruwa gama gari otter – dabba babba babba, yawanci yakan kai kimanin nauyin kilo 10. Girman siririnsa, mai tsayi sosai kuma mai sassauci, madaidaiciyar jiki yana da aƙalla rabin mita, wani lokacin ma kusan mita yake a tsayi.
Otter yana da sassauƙa dogon jiki
Babban sanannen bayyanar otter shine babban wutsiyarsa. Yana da kusan rabin tsayin jiki, yana da faɗi a gindin yana taɓuwa zuwa ƙarshensa. Dabbar tana kama da tsugune saboda gajerun kafafunta, tsakanin yatsun kafa, wanda kusan kowane wakilin dabbobi ne da yake daukar lokaci mai yawa a cikin ruwa, akwai sassan jikin ninkaya.
Wuyan yana da tsayi sosai, amma kan da ke kansa ƙarami ne ƙwarai, yayin da yake shimfide kuma kunkuntar. Duk fasali otters a cikin hoto bayyane a cikin kowane daki-daki.
Gabobin hangen nesa na waɗannan dabbobi an dasa su ta yadda yayin iyo, ruwa yakan shiga cikinsu da ƙyar yadda ya kamata, yana wahalar gani. Saboda haka, idanun otter suna fuskantar sama da gaba. Saboda wannan dalili, irin wadannan halittun suna rufe kunnuwansu da dantse yayin da suke tafiya a cikin ruwa, suna kare hanyoyin sauraren bayanan.
Kamar yawancin halittun ruwa, masu juyawa suna da ƙafafu a ƙafafunsu.
Jawo otter na musamman ne: gajere ne, amma mai kauri da kaushi, a lokaci guda ba jike ba, wannan shine yadda yake da dukiyar da dabi'a ta baiwa halittu waɗanda koyaushe suke rayuwa a kusancin saman ruwan. Launin fur dinsu launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin shudi, wani lokacin sautin fur din na iya zama mai sauki, kuma yatsun kafa masu launin ruwan kasa masu duhu sun fita daban da yanayin gaba daya.
Tsarin gashi yana canza kowane bazara da faduwa, kuma wannan yana faruwa yayin lokacin zubar. DA hunturu otter yana da mayafin da ya fi tsayi tsayi fiye da lokacin bazara.
Jawo daga waɗannan dabbobin ba kawai na musamman ba ne, amma mai ɗorewa da kyau, ban da haka, abin mamaki ne mai sanya shi, tare da kauri ƙasa. Yayin masana'antar sarrafa fata, dabbobin da aka kashe, ita ce, ma'ana, sashi mai laushi na Jawo ya kasance bayan cirewar gashin gashi.
Gashi mai gashi da sauran kayan tufafin tufafi da aka yi daga irin wannan abu, sabili da haka, ba su da tauri kamar fatar otter da ba a kula da ita ba, ƙari kuma, ba sa rasa halayensu shekaru da yawa.
Saboda wannan dalili, irin wannan fur din yana da daraja sosai. Wannan gaskiya ne game da fatun otter na teku da dabbobin wannan nau'in da ke rayuwa a Alaska. Kuma ba abin mamaki bane, kasancewar an rubuta cewa kisan da ake yi wa masu irin wannan fur din mai tamani ya rage yawan jama'ar su.
A cikin Rasha, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa kusan ko'ina, banda mawuƙancin yankunan arewa masu dacewa. Idan muka yi la'akari da nahiyar Turai, to akwai yawancin dabbobin a cikin Netherlands da Switzerland.
Hakanan ana samun su a Arewacin Afirka, da kuma na yankin Asiya. Koyaya, a Antarctica da Ostiraliya, ba a haɗa su cikin adadin wakilan fauna na cikin gida ba.
Kafin fara kisan gillar da aka yi wa irin waɗannan dabbobi, yawan otter ɗin ya fi muhimmanci, ya bazu sosai a ɓangaren Turai na duniyar, kuma a duk Asiya ya isa Japan da Sri Lanka.
Jinsunan Otter
Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan 13 sanannu ne a cikin yanayin masu juyawa, amma a zahiri 12 daga cikinsu suka wanzu a duniya. Wannan halin da ake ciki ya samo asali ne bayan kammalawar ɗayan nau'in - Jafananci. Yawancin otter otter ne. Amma kuma akwai masu tsalle-tsalle na teku, da kuma waɗanda suka fi son rayuwa a kan tudu kuma mafi yawan lokacinsu suna can.
A sama, kawai an bayyana otter gama gari. Yanzu bari mu duba wasu nau'ikan.
1. Sumatran otter yana zaune a nahiyar Asiya a yankin kudu maso gabas. Yana zaune cikin gandun dajin mangwaro, dausayi, da tabkuna, da rafin koguna da bakin kogunan tsaunuka. Siffar halayyar irin wadannan dabbobi ita ce hanci, wanda aka rufe shi da gashi gaba daya, sabanin bangare guda na jikin wasu jinsunan.
In ba haka ba, bambance-bambancen ba su da yawa. Nauyin irin waɗannan dabbobi yawanci baya wuce kilogiram 7. Amma girman jiki mai tsayi ya kai mita 1.3. Gashi a bayan baya launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu, a ƙasa yana da haske, ƙafafun suna da ƙarfi, membran ɗin ninkaya suna da kyau sosai.
2. Clawless otter asiatic yana zaune a cikin Indonesia da Indochina, galibi yana samun tushe a filayen shinkafa wanda ruwa ya mamaye shi, kuma, ba shakka, yana faruwa a bankunan koguna. A cikin dukkan nau'ikan otter, wannan shine mafi ƙanƙanta, wannan shine keɓaɓɓen sa.
Girman manya yawanci baya wuce cm 45. Bugu da ƙari, ƙafafun ƙafafun waɗannan dabbobin suna wanzuwa ne tun suna ƙuruciya. Jawo ba zai iya zama ba kawai launin ruwan kasa ko ɗan duhu kaɗan ba, amma har da m, da haske. Memananan membran ɗin ba su ci gaba ba.
3. Babbar otter (wanda kuma ake kira ɗan Brazil). Irin waɗannan halittu suna zama a cikin tafkin Amazon kuma suna rayuwa a tsakanin gandun daji masu zafi. Girman irin waɗannan halittun, gami da tsawon jela, ya kai kimanin mita 2, kuma nauyin zai iya wuce kilogiram 20. Suna da kauri, manyan kafafu masu kaifin hannu da membranan da suka ci gaba.
Fatar Otter wannan iri-iri duhu ne, wanda aka yiwa alama da dugadugan cream. Anyi la'akari da ƙima ƙwarai da gaske, daga abin da waɗannan wakilan fauna suke gab da ƙarewa saboda yawan farautar da ake yi musu, wanda aka aiwatar a wani lokaci da suka gabata. A yau ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in mafi raunin tsakanin danginsa.
Kuna iya bambanta katuwar otter daga wasu ta wurin tabarau mai yatsa akan kirji.
4. Kyanwa cat ita dabba ce ta teku, ƙari ma, ba a yi karatu sosai ba. An samo shi musamman a Argentina, Peru da Chile. Daga cikin dangi, ana ɗaukar irin waɗannan masu tsaka-tsakin nesa da mafi girma, suna kaiwa sama da kilogiram 6 cikin nauyi ba kaɗan. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiyaye shi kuma yana da wuya.
Akwai otters na wannan nau'in da ke rayuwa a kusa da sabbin ruwa. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan halittu sun fi son zama a cikin lacunae mai wadataccen algae, a cikin magudanan ruwa da rafuffuka masu bakin teku. Ana rarrabe su da ɗan gajeren baki mai faɗi wanda aka yi wa ado da "sideburns". Legsafafunsu na baya, kamar yawancin nau'o'in otter, sun fi na gaba tsawo.
Babban dangi na otters shine otter na teku, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin dangin mustelids. Ina kuma kiran irin waɗannan dabbobi Kamchatka beavers. Waɗannan wakilan fauna suna da ban sha'awa saboda daidaituwarsu da rayuwa tsakanin ruwan teku.
Baya ga yankin Gabas mai Nisa da yankunan da ke kusa da su da aka ambata a cikin sunan, otter na teku yana zaune a kan Tsibirin Aleutian, an rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amurka tare da gabar tekun yamma, daga yankunan kudu zuwa Alaska.
Maza na wannan nau'in suna da girma kuma suna iya kaiwa nauyin jiki na kilogiram 36. Jaɓar waɗannan dabbobi an rarrabe ta da tsari mai girma da yawa. Irin waɗannan dabbobi koyaushe kuma a hankali suna kiyaye tsabtarta. Saboda ingancin gashi, an sami mummunan tasirin tasirin otter na teku. A yanzu haka, ana daukar tsauraran matakai don kare wadannan halittu.
Rare dabba bahar otter ana kiranta teku otter
Rayuwa da mazauni
Kogin otterda ke zaune a yankuna na Turai masu yanayin yanayi, gami da faɗin ƙasar Rasha, ya fi son zama kusa da bankunan ainihin waɗancan rafuka masu gandun daji waɗanda ke da wadatattun halittu iri-iri. Kuma a nan ya fi zaban yankuna masu saurin gudu da wuraren waha, kamar ruwan ba ya daskarewa a lokacin sanyi.
Tabbas, wannan yanada matukar mahimmanci ga halittar data shafe tsawon rayuwarta a ruwa. A saboda wannan dalili, dabbobin da ke zaune a waɗannan yankuna masu ɗimbin yawa ba sa son mamaye ƙananan kandami da tafkuna, waɗanda ɓawon kankara ke rufe su a sauƙaƙe ko da a cikin sanyi mai haske.
Gefen kogin da irin waɗannan dabbobin ke zama, a matsayin ƙa'ida, mai tsayi da tudu, an rufe shi da raƙuman iska. A cikin irin waɗannan halittu ne koyaushe akwai wadatattun wuraren tsaro, inda ta hanya mafi inganci ana iya ɓoye kaburburan da dabbobi suka ɓoye daga idanun marasa kyau, ƙofar wanda dole ne ya kasance ƙarƙashin ruwa. Wasu lokuta, don ginin gidaje, waɗannan dabbobin suna zaɓar kogon bakin teku.
Fiye da mita ɗari daga bakin teku a ƙasa, lokacin da suka fito daga ruwan, yawanci otters ba ya motsi. Ba su da gaske son hawa kan tudu. Don a can ne mafi girman haɗarin ke cikin jiransu. Sun fi so su ajiye dabam.
Yankuna daban-daban don rayuwa da farautar kowane ɗayan dabbobi, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da ƙarancin gomman hectare da yawa. Wadannan dabbobin suna da halin taka tsantsan da sirri. Waɗannan halayen suna bayyane musamman a ƙasa - wuraren da suke jin alamun rashin tsaro. Kodayake waɗannan halittu na iya kasancewa masu ƙarfin hali.
Suna da ikon kai hari isasshe manyan abokan adawa. Kuma iyaye mata suna da yawan tashin hankali lokacin da suke neman kare zuriyarsu.
Otters manyan masu iyo ne kuma suna bunƙasa a cikin ruwa
Amma tare da waɗannan, yanayin otters na wasa ne da aiki. Suna son hawa, kamar daga nunin faifai, daga bankunan raƙuman ruwa, yayin da suke iyo cikin ruwa tare da jin daɗin cikin sauri. A lokacin hunturu, masu juyawa suna yin sama sama da hanya iri ɗaya akan dusar ƙanƙara, suna tafiya akan cikin su, suna barin wata hanya mai zurfi a cikin dusar ƙanƙarar.
An yi imani cewa wannan ba wasa ba ne kawai, ba tseren kankara da nishaɗi ba. Wataƙila, ta wannan hanyar, "can mutane" suna 'yantar da gashinsu daga danshi da aka tara a ciki. Otter iya hiss lokacin da firgita. A cikin yanayi na wasa, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna kuwwa da kururuwa. Sauran sautunan da suke dasu sun hada da busa.
Tun tsakiyar zamanai, waɗannan dabbobi an bantaresu cikin fursuna saboda ƙimar su, ta musamman. A zamanin yau, yawancin masoya yanayi, suna kallon wannan halittar mai taba jiki wacce take shawagi da nutsuwa sosai akan ruwa, suna son samun irin wannan dabbobin gidan don suyi wasa da shi da kuma lura da dabarunsa.
Amma otter na gida baya kama da abin wasa kwata-kwata. Bugu da ƙari, akwai matsaloli masu yawa wajen kiyaye shi, saboda masu juyawa suna da matukar buƙata ta duk ƙa'idodi, matattarar tafki don cikakken rayuwa.
Kodayake ba bakon abu bane masu sauyawa su saba da mutane gaba daya kuma su kasance masu matukar farin ciki da rayuwa. Suna da ƙauna tare da masu mallakar, ƙari ma, har ma suna iya koyo da aiwatar da wasu umarninsu.
Gina Jiki
Abu ne mai sauki a yi tsammani cewa babban abincin abincin waɗannan halittun ruwa-ruwa shi ne kifi. Kuma ingancin abinci ya dogara da wurin da otter yake. Misali, dabbobin da ke zaune a kan Volga sun sami nasarar farautar manyan pikes da kifi. Amma soya da duk wasu ƙananan abubuwa na otter, duk inda suke zaune, har yanzu sun fi son sauran nau'ikan abinci.
Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan masu farautar suna iya kama ganima a cikin ciyawar tsakanin ruwa mai kaifi, da kuma cikin koguna da ke da ƙarfi. Otters da ke rayuwa a cikin yankunan arewa suna cin kifi, kifi mai ruwan kasa, launin toka-toka, da kifi.
Yana da wahala zama irin wannan dabbar a lokacinda ruwan ke rufe da daskararrun kankara. A nan dole ne ku nemi wuraren ruwa na kyauta, in ba haka ba ba zai yuwu a kama kifin da ƙaunatacce a gare su ba. A lokacin hunturu, don neman abinci, otters dole yayi tafiya mai nisa, yana motsi akan kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. Otter din yana iya tafiya kusan kilomita 20 a kowace rana.
Wadanda ke ajiye irin wadannan dabbobin a gida ya kamata su sani cewa suna bukatar abinci kusan kilogiram 1 kowace rana. Ana iya ba su, ba shakka, ɗanyen kifi, da nama, ƙwai, madara. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ciyar da otters tare da beraye da kwaɗi. Kuma kar a manta da kayan bitamin.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kammala labarin game da otters, yanzu za mu mai da hankali ga tsarin haifuwarsu. Haɗuwa yakan faru ne a bazara. Sannan kuma, bayan samun ciki na wata biyu, uwaye mata suna haihuwa har zuwa yara huɗu. Irin waɗannan san ƙirar nauyin 100 g kawai, an rufe su da Jawo, amma a lokaci guda makafi ne.
Bayan sati biyu, sai su fara rarrafe. Kuma tun suna da wata biyu, sun girma, sun kuma da ƙarfi, sun riga suna koyon iyo. Wani wuri ta wannan lokacin, haƙoransu suna girma, wanda ke nufin tuni sun sami damar da za su saba da cikakken abinci.
Gaskiya ne, ƙananan otters har yanzu suna da nisa da cikakken balaga. Ko da sun kai wata shida, dabbobi masu kananan shekaru suna kokarin kasancewa kusa da iyayensu mata, suna fatan samun kariya da kuma kulawa ta musamman. Kuma ana iya ɗaukar otters ɗan shekara daya kacal a matsayin cikakken balaga don rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Kogin Otter Kubs
Sannan kuma sabon ƙarni ya tashi don neman wurin zama. Wasu lokuta matasa suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙungiyoyi, amma galibi galibi suna wanzuwa kamar masu kadaici.
Rayuwar otter a cikin yanayi ba sauki. Kodayake waɗannan dabbobin suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15, a zahiri wannan ba safai yake faruwa ba. Otters yawanci yana mutuwa ta ɗabi'a da wuya, galibi yakan zama abincin dabbobi da tsuntsaye masu farauta, suna mutuwa daga cututtuka da haɗari.
