Bears nau'in halittu ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ya kasance daga cikin tsarin masu farauta. Bears - tare da canines, felines, hyenas - suna ɗaya daga cikin danginsa. Kwancen kafa 8 nau'in. Kwancen kafa, af, saboda tsarin kwarangwal ne.
Dabbar tana doron ƙafafun bayanta a ƙafa duka. Daga wannan, bayanta ya zama gangara. A cikin mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, ƙafafun baya, kamar waɗanda suke na gaba, suna hutawa ne kawai a kan ƙwallon ƙafa, wajen magana, a yatsun kafa. Saboda haka, bayan dabbobi ya miƙe, kuma ƙafafu suna kan ƙafafun.
Ana dakatar da ƙafafun gaban goshi a cikin iska. Saboda haka gaɓar tafiya da son tafiya, yana tsaye akan ƙafafun baya. Koyaya, kowane nau'in beyar yana da siffofin tsarin mutum.
Farin beyar
'Ya'yan su ne zuriyar katuwar belar. Ya rayu a Duniya yayin Pleistocene. Wannan zamanin na Quaternary ya fara shekaru miliyan 2.5 da suka gabata. A wancan lokacin, belar na da tsayi mita 4 kuma tana da nauyin kilogram 1200. Mutanen zamani, kodayake, basu fi girman tan ba kuma basu wuce mita 3 ba. Ba a raba yawan jama'a da iri.
Polar bear an banbanta shi da sauran ta wuyan tsayi da kuma madaidaitan kai. Tana da kananan kunnuwa. Wannan shine yadda masu farauta ke dumi. Kunnuwan suna cike da jijiyoyin jini. Suna zuwa kusa da fata, suna sakin dumin jini a cikin muhalli.
Sabili da haka, a cikin dabbobin hamada, sassan ji suna da yawa, kuma a cikin dabbobin arctic, kanana ne.
Fari - manyan nau'ikan beyar... Mai gasa shine grizzly bear. Koyaya, wannan nau'ikan kwancen kafa mai ruwan kasa bai gaza matsakaicin iyakacin duniya ɗaya da kusan ɗaya bisa uku ba. Babban grizzly bear daidai yake da nauyi zuwa polar bear. Nauyin dabbar ya kai kilogram 726. An kashe katon gwarzo a Alaska.
Kamar grizzly bears, an sanya belar belar a matsayin masu rauni. Yawan jama'a yana raguwa saboda ci gaba, gurɓatar sanda. Shima yana buya a gaban idanun mu saboda dumamar yanayi. Bears na fara mutuwa yayin haye saman ruwa. Don zuwa ƙasa, kankara na tafe, dole ne ku yi tafiya mai nisa fiye da 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.
A ƙididdigar ƙarshe, akwai ragowar polar 25,000 da suka rage. Idan yanayi ya ci gaba da canzawa a inda aka tsara, a cikin rabin karni yawan nau'in zai ragu da wani kashi 70%.
Brown bears
Nau'in bera masu launin ruwan kasa gama gari a cikin dazuzzukan Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Masana ilmin kimiyar dabbobi suna kiran wasu jinsuna da ake kira subtypes, tunda halayen dabbobi sun dogara da mazauninsu.
A tsakiyar Rasha, alal misali, kwancen kafa ya kai kilogiram 120, kuma ba safai ya wuce mita 2 ba. A cikin Yankin Gabas mai nisa, bears masu ruwan kasa suna da tsawon mita 3 kuma suna iya cin kilogram 450.
Hakanan akwai ƙarin rabo daga ƙananan ragi. A cikin Gabas mai nisa akwai:
Amur mai ruwan kasa
In ba haka ba ana kiranta Ussuri ko baƙin grizzly. Ba woolarren duwatsu kaɗai bambanci tsakanin dabba da sauran ƙafa. Burin Amur yana da ƙashin ƙashi na hanci kuma ƙwanƙwasa kansa yana da tsayi, yana da fasali mai faɗi. Akwai manyan hakora a cikin bakin. Suna kama da karnuka. Saboda haka, jama'ar gari na kiran beran kwancen kafa.
Kodayake ana kiran jinsin Ussuriysk, yana zaune ba kawai kusa da garin Ussuriysk da kuma cikin Ussuri taiga ba. Ana samun beyar Amur a kudancin Kuriles, Sakhalin. Mutane da yawa daga ƙananan ƙananan ba su da nauyi fiye da kilogram 250.
Kamchatka ruwan kasa mai kai
Wadãtar iyali na bears iko. An yi rikodin mutum mai nauyin kilo 600. Matsakaicin nauyin namiji shine kilo 350-450. Samun abinci yana shafar nauyi da girma. Tushenta yana da gina jiki, nama mai ƙifi na kifin kifi da sauran kifaye masu rauni. Caughtafafunsu na ƙafa suna kamawa a cikin rafuka da gefen tekun Kamchatka.
Babban sanadin wakokin kamfanonin Kamchatka shima saboda yanayin sauyin yanayi na yankin. A ciki, bears suna haɓaka ƙwanƙwasa, mai faɗi tare da gajeren hanci da kuma bayyanuwar tashin goshin sama da shi. Mulos, kamar dukkan jiki, an zana launin ruwan kasa-baƙar fata ko rawaya mai launin rawaya.
Baya ga Yankin Kamchatka, ana samun wakilan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a Tsibirin Karaginsky da kuma cikin dazukan Karyag Autonomous Okrug.
Baya ga ƙananan Kamchatka da Amur, masu zuwa suna rayuwa cikin Rasha:
Gabashin Siberian
Yana kama da ƙaramin kwafin beyar Kamchatka. Ko da a cikin mutanen Siberia na Gabas, rigar tana haskakawa sosai kuma ta fi tsayi. Launin ƙafar kwancen ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa ne tare da yin duhu akan ƙafafun.
Beyar Gabashin Siberia tana da ƙusoshin ƙafa masu tsawo, masu lankwasa. Sun miƙa santimita 8.5.
Kamchatka da Amur jinsunan bears kar ku haɗu da mazaunin Gabashin Siberia. An samo shi daga Yenisei zuwa Transbaikalia, a Yakutia, Kolyma da Lena basins, a kan iyaka da Gabas ta Kazakhstan.
Caucasian ruwan kasa mai bear
Ya kasu kashi biyu - babba da karami. Tsawon jikin wakilan ƙarshe bai wuce santimita 140 ba. Karamin beyar Caucasian yana da nauyin kilogram 60. Manyan mutane sun miƙa zuwa mita 2, suna samun nauyin kilos 120-240.
Caucasian nau'ikan beyar masu ruwan kasa da wuya haduwa tare. Manyan mutane sun fi son gandun daji masu ƙanƙanci. Otsananan kwancen kafa suna hawa dutsen daji.
Dabbobi sun banbanta. Babban babban ɗan Caucasian ya fi kwanciyar hankali. Amma, jagorancin nau'ikan bayan iyakokin Rasha yayi daidai. A cikin tarayyar, ana samun kwancen kafa a Caucasus kawai. Kasashen waje, akwai mutane a Iran, Turkey, Georgia da Azerbaijan.
A waje, duka biyun Caucasian suna kusa da na Siriya wanda ke cikin hatsari. Ana rarrabe shi da datti Jawo mai datti. Kuna iya saduwa da ɗayan jinsin kawai a gidan zoo. A cikin daji, ana ɗaukar jinsin da yanayin ƙazantacce. A hukumance, ba a sanya matsayin ba, tunda akwai fatan samun beyar a wajen Syria da Lebanon, misali, a Turkiyya.
Eurasian launin ruwan kasa bear
Kunshe a ciki jinsunan bears a Rasha, kamar yadda babba yake, tare da diski mai juzuwar fuska, babban kai da aka kafa a wuyan muscular. Ana iya ganin gutsuren ruwa a bushe.
Veniananan yara na jinsin ana rarrabe su ta hanyar furcin farin farin. A cikin manya bears, shi vuya. Gashi na kwancen kafa na daddaya mai launi iri ɗaya ne a launuka masu launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa.
Za'a iya samun daidaitattun mutanen Eurasia daga Urals zuwa mashigar Yenisei. Babban yawan jama'a suna zaune a arewacin ɓangaren Turai na Rasha.
Baya ga ƙananan rukuni na Rasha na launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, akwai na ƙasashen waje. Wadannan sun hada da:
Arewacin Amurka Grizzly
Daga cikin masu ruwan kasa akwai manyan nau'ikan beyar... Wasu mutane sun fi mita 3 tsawo kuma suna da nauyin kilogram 800. Ko jinsin kwancen kafa mai saurin tashin hankali. An gano gawawwakin mutane a cikin cikin masu farautar da aka kashe.
Gwanin grizzly a kan baya da wuyan kafaɗa ya fi launin ruwan kasa launin toka. Hakanan ana rarrabe wakilai da fika santimita 15, ƙarami da kunnuwa masu kunkuru. Na biyun, kamar belar polar, yana riƙe da zafin jiki, tunda grizzlies suna rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi na arewacin Amurka da Kanada.
Kodiak
An sanya masa suna bayan tarin tsibirai inda yake zaune. Isasar tana kusa da gefen tekun kudu na Alaska. Grizzlies ya koma Kodiak a lokacin Ice Age. Warming ya narkar da kankara. Don haka wani ɓangare na jama'ar ya kasance keɓe daga yankin.
A kan tsiburai, grizzlies sun rikide sun zama kodiaks - sun fi girma kuma sun fi ƙarfi. Daga cikin jama'ar akwai mutane masu nauyin kimanin tan. Wannan sakamakon zama ne a ƙasashen da ke da tushen abinci, amma babu makiya, har ma da mutane.
Limitedarancin rabon ƙasar Kodiaks shima ya iyakance adadin su. Saboda wannan, akwai nau'in kwayar halitta. Maye gurbi ya tara. Emarshen tsibirin tsibiri galibi ba shi da lafiya, mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan parasitic.
Tien Shan bear mai launin ruwan kasa
Yana da faratan farce. Amma launi na ƙananan raƙuman ruwa yana canzawa. Akwai m, ja, kusan baƙar fata, mutane masu launin ruwan kasa.
Tien Shansky iri da aji na bear buɗe a 1873. Ya bambanta da sauran masu ƙafafun launin ruwan kasa a cikin gashinta marasa ƙarfi, kusan ba mai lankwasa da ƙusoshin baki ba, da ɗan gajeren bakin bakin ciki.
An tsara shi tsakanin masu cin nama, wannan beyar ya sanya kashi 99% na abincinsa daga abincin shuke-shuke. Sauran kaso ana lissafin su ne daga nau'ikan dabbobi 20. Daga tsire-tsire, ana cin ganyayyaki iri 110 da albarkatun berry 40.
Sloth bear
Wannan jinsin ne daban. Ba shi da rago, kamar fari. Sunan yana hade da tsarin lebba. Suna da elongated, yayin cin abinci suna ninka cikin wani nau'in bututu. Godiya ga wannan, fuskar dabbar tana da tsayi, duk da haka, kuma ya fi tsayi fiye da na yawancin bears.
Takowa ba ta da dogon leɓɓe kawai, har ma da harshe. Shi, kamar anteater, yana ba ku damar samun kwari daga mafaka. Su ne ainihin abincin sloth. Yana kuma ciyar da 'ya'yan itacen ganye da bishiyoyi.
Gashin Sloth baƙi ne. Akwai farin atamfa mai siffa V a kirjin. A kan sa, kamar sauran jiki, ulu tana girma ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Saboda haka dabbar da ta fizge ta zama kamar a dishe. Hakanan an rarrabe kazamar ta kafafu masu tsawo da sirara.
Bears mara kyau bai wuce santimita 180 ba. An ajiye nauyin beyar a cikin kilogram 140.
Ana samun bears mai ƙyama a cikin Indiya, Nepal, Sri Lanka. Smallananan mazauna suna zaune a Ceylon.
Bera mai haske
Ya bambanta da wasu a cikin dogon wutsiya don beyar. Yayi daidai da santimita 10. Sunan jinsin yana da alaƙa da launi. Akwai tabo mai haske a kusa da idanuwa, wanda ke tuna da ƙaunatattun tabarau. A cikinsu akwai ulu mai duhu. Da alama dai beyar tana sanye da tabarau.
Bears na kallo mai nauyin kilogram 140, kuma bai wuce tsawon santimita 170 ba. Duk jikin an lullubeshi da gashi mai kauri. Baƙi-launin ruwan kasa ne ko kuma gaba ɗaya baƙi.
Beyar mai kyan gani tana zaune ne a Kudancin Amurka. Ba a fahimci ilimin halittar ɗan adam da yawa ba, tunda jinsin kwancen kafa yana farke da dare. A wannan lokacin, dabbar tana cin abinci, ta kakkarye rassan itacen dabino, yana dibar 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, ganye. Bear mai haske ya kusan tsunduma cikin farauta. Abincin sunadaran ya iyakance ga kwari. Don dawo dasu daga murfin, kwancen kafa yana amfani da harshe mai tsayi.
Bearaƙƙarfan beyar yana ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa a cikin bishiyoyi, yana mai matuƙar hawan kututturan. Edwarewa, ƙafafun farce sun taimaka.
Baribal
Ya kuma hau bishiyoyi da kyau, amma tuni yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Tsarin dabba yana kama da beyar mai ruwan kasa, amma, an zana shi baki kuma yana da ɗan ƙarami bakin ciki. Hatta baribal sun fi ƙananan ƙafa masu ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa. Matsakaicin nauyin baƙar fata ya kai kilo 150. Tsawon jikin barebari bai wuce santimita 180 ba.
Acafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kazalika da dogayen ƙafafu, suna taimakawa baribala hawa bishiyoyi. Koyaya, basa taimakon jinsunan su rayu. Yawan jinsin yana raguwa saboda ci gaban mazaunin mutane da kuma sassakar sarari tare da grizzly. Dangane da sabbin bayanai, akwai ragowar baribal kasa da dubu 200.
Zaɓin wuraren zama, 'yan baranda suna gujewa tsawan ƙasa da mita 900 sama da matakin teku.
Gashi na baribal santsi ne, an goge shi a kan bakin fuska wasu lokuta kuma a kan kirji. A kan manyan kunnuwa masu yalwa, an gajarta murfin.
Wasu 'yan baranda suna da launin ruwan kasa. Waɗannan ƙananan beyar ne. Masu balagagge masu lalata da jima'i suna da launin baki.
Malay kai
An kuma kira shi biruang. Daga cikin beyar, shi dodo ne, nauyinsa bai wuce kilo 65 ba, kuma tsayinsa ya kai tsayin centimita 140.
Launin biruang launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu. An haskaka bakin tare da ja. Wannan fenti iri ɗaya yana kan kirji, inda alama mai alamar ƙyallen kafa.
Baya ga girma da launi na biruang, an bambanta su da sauran beyar ta hanyar faɗaɗawa, ƙafafun ƙafafu da kusan rashin cikakken kunnuwa.
A yanayin kasa, beran Malay na Indiya da Indonesia ne, wanda na Malesiya yake.
Mawafin dare yana ɗaukar salon rayuwa. Da rana, mai farautar yakan kwana akan rassan. Domin yana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau. A kan tafin hannu, misali, kwancen kafa yana neman kwakwa. Beyar tana cinye su, wanda ke magana game da ƙarfin haƙar dabbar.
Daga abincin dabbobi, biruang yana karɓar kwari da ƙananan beraye, masu rarrafe. Koyaya, hatta damisa suna tsoron beyar. Biruangs suna da rikici, sun fi ƙarfi fiye da yadda suke gani. Bears baya kokarin kai wa damisa hari, amma suna iya kare kansu.
Himalayan beyar
Yana kama da launin ruwan kasa na yau da kullun, amma siririn kuma yana da ɗan madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya. A wuyan, gashi yana da tsayi kuma ya ɗaga, yayi kama da aikin zaki. Beran Himalayan ma yana da haɗari kamar zaki. Mai farauta ya shiga ɗabi'ar kai hari ga dabbobi. Kashewar jinsin yana da alaƙa da wannan.
Launin beyar Himalayan baƙar fata ne. A kan kirjin akwai alamar haske na sautin orange. Kowane mutum ba tare da wannan tabo ba ana ɗaukar saɓaɓɓun ƙasashe.
Tsawon wakilan nau'in Himalayan bai wuce santimita 170 ba. A wannan yanayin, nauyin ya yi daidai da kilogram 140. Bears suna kitse ba kawai akan abincin nama ba. Hakanan mutanen Himalayan suna son zuma, kwayoyi, tushe.
Don haka ya zama bayyane nawa bears... Idan muka yi la'akari da lalataccen yanayin Siriyan, sai ya zama 8. Za a iya saka bears na ƙarya cikin jerin. Ba su da dangantaka da na gaskiya, amma kuma ana kiran su. Ya isa a tuna da koala. Ana kiran shi itace. Hakanan akwai bamboo - panda.
