Kumfa - kwaro mafi kwaro mai jure sanyi. An daidaita shi don yin kwangila da tsokoki na mahaifa, hanzarta jini, ɗumama jikin mutum zuwa digiri 40. Na'urar tana baiwa bumblebees damar tashi don daddawa ba tare da tsoron yanayin sanyi ba. Wannan fa'ida ce ta gasa akan kudan zuma.
Bayani da fasalin kwale-kwale
Jarumin labarin shagwa Kumfa an rufe su da gashi, kamar yadda suke faɗa, daga kai har zuwa ƙafa. Murfin ya yi kauri. A cikin kudan zuma, an dasa gashin kai kadan kuma ana ajiye su ne kawai a jikin gaban jiki.
Sauran fasalolin kwale-kwalen sun hada da:
1. Mai kauri da kauri idan aka kwatanta shi da jikin kudan zuma. Hakanan ya fi na wanzuwa fadi. Wannan wani kwaro mai kamala.
2. Kasancewar tsinkayuwa a jikin mata daga cikin nau'ikan halittar da kuma yawan yin kwalliyar. Koyaya, dangin ƙudan zuma ba su da wuyar sha’ani. Harbin bumblebees yana da santsi, kamar na wasps. A cikin ƙudan zuma, aikin yana da haske, saboda haka ya kasance cikin jikin mutum.
Kumfa da cizon ya bar baya kawai jin zafi, raunin gida, kumburi. Kasa da 1% na waɗanda abin ya shafa suna ci gaba da rashin lafiyan. Yana da kyau don sake yin danshi.
Koyaya, akwai kuma cizon bumblebee na zahiri. Kwaronta yana aikatawa tare da muƙamuƙinsa. Waɗannan suna da ƙarfi, ƙetare almara. Da yake kare kanta, kumfar farko tana amfani da su, kuma sai kawai ta harba.
3. Tsawon santimita uku. Wannan rikodin ne idan aka kwatanta da wasps, hornets, ƙudan zuma.
4. Nauyin ya kai kimanin gram 0.6. Wannan shi ne yawan ma'aikata. Mahaifa na iya auna kusan gram.
5. Matsakaici ya bayyana dimorphism na jima'i. Musamman, kan mace ya fi na namiji tsayi kuma an zagaye shi a bayan kai. Layin dige a kan kusurwa yana da rauni. A cikin maza, raunin a bayyane yake, kuma kai yana da triangular.
Ko da a cikin maza, eriya suna da tsayi. Don haka zaka iya fahimta kumbo a cikin hoton ko kumbo.
6. Proboscis 7 zuwa 20 mm tsawo. Ana buƙatar gabobin don shiga cikin corollas na furanni. Bumblebees suna cire ruwan tsiron daga su.
7. Tsagu ko gaba ɗaya baki. Shari'ar ta ƙarshe ba safai ba. Launin launi saboda daidaituwa ne tsakanin ayyukan kariya da yanayin zafi. Baƙi, musamman, yana jan ƙarfin rana.
Canjin launi tare da rawaya da lemu yana tsoratar da masu cin nama, yana mai nuna alamun gutsin damina. Wannan karya ce. Gwarzon labarin ba guba ba ne.
Juriyar sanyi na bumblebees ya samo asali ne ba kawai ga raunin tsokar kirji ba, har ma da yawa da tsawon gashi. Shi, kamar gashin gashi, yana dumama kwari da safe da yamma.
A lokacin zafi, murfin kumfar ruwa, akasin haka, yana rike da iska a kusa da fatar zafin jikin mutum, kuma ba muhalli ba. Idan kwaron na bukatar ya huce, sai ya fitar da digon yawun bakinsa. Ruwan yana ƙafewa don sanyaya dabbar, yana mai sauƙin ta Jirgin Bumblebee.
Yanayin iska mai tsananin zafi ga kumfa shine + digiri 36. Ctwarfin kwari, ba zai iya tashi ba. Mafi qarancin zafin aikin dabba shine + digri 4.
Bumblebee nau'in
Bumblebee - kwari kusan "fuskoki" ɗari uku. Nau'ikan dabbobi dari uku sun bambanta galibi cikin launi, girma, da wurin zama.
Babban nau'in bumblebees sune:
1. Talakawa. Matsayinta ya zama abin tambaya, tunda kwaro yana cikin littafin Red Book na duniya. Dabbar tana da baƙon fata mai ratsi biyu rawaya. Kuna iya saduwa da kwarin a Yammacin Turai da kan iyakokin Rasha tare da shi.
2. Daji. Ya fi sauran ƙanƙan da yawa. Tsawon jikin kwari yawanci kusan santimita 1.5. Wakilan jinsin kuma sun sha bamban a cikin mara laushi, launi mara bambanci. Rawaya kusan fara ce, kuma baƙin yana kusa da launin toka.
3. Lambu. An rarrabe wannan ɗan kwaron ta tsayin akwatinsa. Amma jikin kwaron na da matsakaiciya - tsawon santimita 2. An banbanta launi ta babban yadi madaidaiciya tsakanin fikafikan da nono rawaya. Launi yana kusa da sautin launuka masu rauni.
4. Armeniyanci. Ya bambanta a launin ruwan kasa, ba fari, fuka-fuki. Haka kuma kwarin yana da "kunci" da kuma fari a bayan ciki. Bumblebee ta Armeniya tana da girma, tsawonta ya fi santimita 3. Speciesananan nau'ikan, waɗanda aka jera a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya.
5. Mokhovaya. Ya miƙa zuwa matsakaicin santimita 2.2 Wakilan jinsin ana rarrabe su ta hanyar raunin baƙar fata. Duk gashin dabbar zinari ne. Akwai layuka wanda villi kusan launin ruwan kasa ne. Bayan kwarin kuwa lemu ne mai haske.
6. Kasa. Yana da bakar kirji. Baki mai launin baki da ja yana gudana a bayan kwaron. Mata, waɗanda a cikin kowane nau'in bumblebees sun fi maza masu aiki girma, sun kai santimita 2.3 a tsayi.
Redwaron kwari da ake kiwo a sikeli na masana'antar yabanya.
7. Steppe. Kamar yadda ya kamata sosai, ya kai santimita 3.5. Gashin kumfar bakin murabba'i ne, kuma launinsa haske ne. Rauni mai launin rawaya da launin toka madadin. Akwai siririn bakin launi tsakanin fikafikan kwarin.
8. A karkashin kasa. Raƙuman rawayarsa sune mafi ƙarancin haske a tsakanin buɗaɗɗun launuka kuma suna bayyana fari. Wadannan layuka na launin vanilla suna haɗuwa da baƙi. Hakanan kwayar da ke karkashin kasa ta banbanta ta wani tsawan ciki da kuma tsawan proboscis.
9. Gari. Aturearami. Tsawon wasu ma'aikata santimita 1. Matsakaicinsa yakai santimita 2.2. Launi ya bambanta da sauran masu kumfa tare da jan nono da farin ɗamara akan ciki. Hakanan akwai majajjawa ta baki.
10. Lugovoi. Ko da kasan birni. Matsakaicin tsayin mace yakai santimita 1.7. Ma'aikata yawanci suna girma ne kawai zuwa milimita 9. Bayan duhun kai na kwari akwai abin wuya rawaya mai zurfi. Irin waɗannan bumblebees sune farkon barin barin hunturu.
11. Dutse. Wannan matsakaiciyar sifa ce. Bumblebee baki, banda bakin ciki. Yana da lemu-ja. Maza suna da abin wuya rawaya a kirjinsu. Ban da nuances, duhu, haske, manyan ra'ayoyi da rom-rubutun suma sun dace da kwatancin.
Wadannan bumblebees 4 na kasa ne, ma'ana, suna gina gida a cikin kasa. Akwai kuma nau'ikan da ke da gidaje a saman duniya.
12. Gano. An jera shi a cikin Red Book of Russia a matsayin jinsin mai rauni. Alamar murabba'i an ninke ta a kan raƙataccen rawaya bayan gashin gashi baƙi.
13. Mai comber. Ya bambanta a matsakaiciyar girman. Akwai gashin gashi rawaya a goshin kwari mai duhu. Akwai alamar oval a bayan kumfa. Ya ƙunshi baƙin villi.
14. 'Ya'yan itace. Babban launi na wannan kwalliyar launin ruwan kasa ne. A kan kai, nono, ciki da ƙafafu, launi ya fi duhu. Fuka-fukan nau'in sun ɗan yi duhu.
15. Doki. Tsawon bai wuce santimita 2 ba. Babban launi na kwari launin toka mai haske ne, amma akwai baƙar fata tsakanin fuka-fukan.
A cikin duka, nau'in bumblebees 53 suna zaune a Turai kadai. Plusarin ƙari sune ƙirar-bumblebees. Ya isa a tuna shuɗi. Hasali ma, kudan zuma ne. Tana da baki jiki da shuɗi fuka-fuki. Sunan asalin nau'ikan shine masassarar kudan zuma.
An jera shi a cikin Red Book of Russia. Amma koren kumbu ba a lissafta shi azaman kantin yanar gizo na kayayyakin ƙasa. Don haka, ban da nau'ikan nau'ikan bumblebees 300 na gaske a duniya, akwai da yawa da yawa a waje da haraji.
Hali da mazauni
Bumblebees suna rayuwa cikin iyalai. Sun ƙunshi sarauniya, maza da ma'aikata. Adadin su daga 100 zuwa 500. Wannan bai kai na mazaunan kudan zuma ba.
Iyalan 'yan bori suna da ƙarfi daga bazara zuwa kaka. Sannan mata suna zuwa hunturu, ƙungiyar ta rabu. Kafin wannan lalacewar, mahaifar tana haihuwar 'ya'ya maza. Matsayin aiki da bumblebees shine gina, kare da ɗaukar kayan cikin cikin gida. Manyan mutane suna shagaltar da ƙarshen. Workersananan ma'aikata suna kula da tsutsa.
Gidan kwari ya dogara da nau'ikansa:
- Bumblebee na gari ya zama gama gari a cikin Eurasia
- Ana samun ciyawa a Turai da wasu sassan Asiya, alal misali, Kazakhstan
- steppe damina ta saba da gabashin Turai
- jinsunan karkashin kasa da aka rarraba daga Ingila zuwa Urals
- ssananan umbo ya haɗu da dukkan Eurasia ban da Arctic
- wakilan jinsunan duniya suna zaune a Turai, Asiya, arewa maso yammacin Afirka
- inda Armeniya bumblebee take zaune bayyananne daga sunanta
- kallon lambu ya cancanci nema a yankuna daga Burtaniya zuwa Siberia
- kwalliyar kwalliya tana zaune a Yammacin Turai
Matsakaicin mafi girman nau'ikan bumblebees ana lura dashi a tsakiyar latitude. A cikin yankuna masu zafi da kuma cikin arewa mai nisa, kwari basu da yawa. Misali, a cikin dazuzzukan Amazon, akwai nau'ikan 2 kawai na gurneti.
A wasu yankuna, kwari masu taguwar baƙi ne, ana shigo dasu daga waje. Misali, a cikin Ostiraliya da New Zealand, an gabatar da gwal a lambun karni na karshe.
Kumfa mai ci
Kimanin nau'ikan 40 na bumblebees ana ɗaukarsu kayan marmari na itacen tsire-tsire. Kwari ma suna zaune akan wasu furanni. Bugu da kari, dangin kudan zuma suna shan ruwan itace. Don haka ya zama bayyane menene bumblebees suke yi a jikin akwati.
Bumblebees suna samar da zuma, amma a iyakance adadi. Samun damar kulawa ya iyakance. Manya sun kauracewa, suna barin zuma ga tsutsa. Zumar Bumblebee ta fi zuman kudan zuma siriri kuma ya fi haske. Hakanan ƙamshin samfurin bai cika bayyana ba. Haka kuma zaƙin zumar daɗaɗaɗa shi ma kadan ne.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Bumblebees suna yin gida gida a ƙasa, a kan ko sama da ƙasa. Zaɓin farko shine yawanci shagaltar da rodents, misali, ɓeraye. Gidajen da suka bari suna dauke da ulu da busassun ganyaye. Bumblebees suna amfani da su don rufe gidajen su.
Za a iya yin gida gida a cikin tsuntsayen da aka watsar, a ƙarƙashin ciyawa. Kwarin da ke hawa sama suna yin akasi tsari. Kumfa Ya shirya gida a cikin itace mara kyau, gidan tsuntsaye.
Bumblebees suna da gland a cikin cikinsu waɗanda ke ɓoye kakin zuma. Kwari suna ƙarfafa ganuwar gida tare da su, amma fasalin gine-ginen ya bambanta, ya danganta da wurin da aka zaɓa don gidan. Kakin zuma na hana danshi shiga cikin gida. Abubuwan da aka toka a ƙofar suma suna rufe gidan, suna kiyaye shi daga idanun idanuwa.
Tsarin ci gaban bumblebee yana farawa tare da tsutsa. Ana kwantar da shi a cikin bazara ta mahaifa. Takin shi a cikin kaka. Mahaifa ya kafa daga kwai 8 zuwa 16 a cikin nata gurmin-kafa. Don gininta, mutum yana barin hunturu a baya fiye da wasu.
Mataki na biyu na bumblebee shine tsutsa. Yana fitowa daga ƙwai ne game da kwana 6. Mahaifa yana ciyar da tsutsa har tsawon makonni 2. Daga nan sai zuriyar ta pupate. Wannan shine mataki na uku. Bayan makonni 2.5, samari masu gurnani suna gnaw cocoons. "Gidajen" da aka watsar sun zama rumbunan ajiyar ruwa da zuma.
Yana da shekara ɗaya da wata, bumblebees sun ba mahaifa damar daina tashi daga cikin gida, gaba ɗaya suna ba wa mulkin mallaka abinci da kayan gini.
Gaskiya ne, maza da yawa suna tashi don neman wasu sarauniya, waɗanda za a haifa a lokacin bazara. Maza suna rayuwa don ganinta. Amma bumblebees masu aiki suna kallon duniya don basu wuce makonni biyu ba.
Sarauniya sune rikodin rikodin rayuwar bumblebee. Idan an haife su a cikin kaka, suna gudanar da bikin ranar haihuwar su ta farko. Sarauniyar da aka haifa a bazara sun bar ta a baya, a faɗuwar shekarar.
