Bayani da fasali
Abu na farko da ya cancanci ambata yayin tattaunawa aji gastropods, don haka wannan shine bambancin su. Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu cewa waɗannan ɓarnayen ɓarna suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan teku mai gishiri, waɗanda suka zaɓi manyan zurfafan ruwa da zurfafan ruwa, da kuma cikin sabbin koguna, tafkuna, har ma a kan ƙasa, kuma ba za a same su a cikin ciyawar kore kawai ba, har ma a cikin hamada da duwatsu.
Yi taƙama gastropods iya kuma da dama masu girma dabam. Ba su daɗewa: daga wata biyu zuwa shekaru uku.
Wadannan halittun suna haukace da soyayya da yanayi mai danshi, kuma dole ne iska ta kasance mai danshi. Wuraren da aka fi so da waɗannan halittun sune manyan ciyawar dawa.
Idan muka yi la’akari da wakilin wakili na aji, to wannan katantanwa ce wacce take da: jiki (ya fi fadi a gaba kuma ya karkata zuwa karshen kishiyar, a sama kuwa akwai ci gaba a cikin siffar tsutsa), kai (a samansa akwai wasu tanti biyu da idanu) da kuma kafa (mai yawa, ya kare a fadada, kwatankwacin kafa).
Duk wannan an rufe shi da harsashi. Kuma misali, a cikin rayuwar teku, wannan ɓangaren yana da girman ƙarami sosai.
Idan babu abin da ya razana dabba, sai kawai ya sanya jikin a cikin ƙwarjinsa. Wani bambanci daga sauran molluscs shine asarar daidaito tsakanin ƙasashe.
Wadancan. idan wasu dabbobin suna da koda biyu, da gill, da sauransu, to tsarin gastropods wannan baya nuna cewa, gabobin su suna iya aiki ba tare da "abokin tarayya" ba. Verananan kwata-kwata ba su da ji da murya; jin taɓawa da ƙanshi yana taimaka musu su yi yawo.
Tsarin
Bari mu fara da kan. Idanun katantan suna zaune ko dai a kan kansa ko a ƙarshen “ƙahonin”. Yana juya waje idan ya cancanta.
Jikin mollusk jaka ce mai tsayi, a ɓangaren sama wanda wani juyayyen juzu'i yake tasowa. Abubuwan fasalin tsarin ƙafa suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaito.
Idan aka samu abinci, yakan shiga ciki da hanji. Za a iya samun biyu daga cikinsu (idan muna magana ne game da mafi kyawun ƙwayoyin halitta), ko ɗaya.
Mayafi yana kan jikin gastropods. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da biyu, amma galibi invertebrates an sanye su da gill ɗaya (ana iya samunsu ko a gaban jiki ko a baya).
Lokacin da irin wannan dabba ta firgita kuma aka jawo ta cikin harsashi, ana rufe bakin ta da ƙaramin hula. Idan a gabanka wata halitta ce ta duniya, ko kuma canza mazauni lokaci-lokaci, to numfashi tsarin gastropod huhu ɗaya ne ya wakilta. A wannan yanayin, idan mollusk ya ɓoye a cikin harsashi, bakinsa zai kasance a buɗe.
Akwai wadanda ke rayuwa a doron kasa, yayin adana ruwa a cikin ramin alkyabbar da amfani da duwawu don numfashi. Ita, ta hanyar, ba ta da launi.
Daga glandon da ake yaɗa alkyabbar tare da shi, ana fitar da wani abu, saboda abin da kwarin dabbobi ke tsirowa. Ana haɗe shi da jiki ta tsokoki masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke ba da damar zana mollusk ɗin idan akwai wani abu.
A saman karafatsin shine mafi girman ɓangarensa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda dabbar ba ta cin abinci sosai a yanayin sanyi, kuma ba ta da wadatattun abubuwa a jiki don tabbatar da karuwar girman "gidansa".
A saman sa, ana ganin layin shekara-shekara, wanda daga wannan ne za'a iya gane shekarun mollusk. Wani lokaci kwasfa na mollusk yakan zama ainihin gadon fure na karkashin ruwa, idan mutum ba shi da motsi sosai, kawai ya cika da algae.
A ka'ida, wannan yana taka rawa a hannun masu rikitarwa, saboda shuke-shuke suna taimakawa wajen kwararar karin iskar oxygen cikin jikinsa. Waɗannan galibi galibi waɗanda suka koyi iyo ne a cikin hanyar juyin halitta, misali, masu fuka-fukai, ko waɗanda suke kabbara a cikin ƙasa.
Lura da cewa tsarin juyayi na gastropods, kamar dukkanin tsarin, yana dogara ne da torsion. Kuma ƙwarewar ta haɓaka akan dukkan fuskar fatar.
Kuma yanzu game da haifuwa, yana faruwa ne a cikin invertebrates kawai ta hanyar jima'i. Idan muna magana ne game da na farko, to, bisa ga abubuwan da masana kimiyya da yawa suka gani, yayin saduwa, haɗuwar mutanen biyu tana faruwa.
Bayan kwayoyin halittar jinsi na maza sun shiga budewar al'aurar mace, sabuwar rayuwa ba zata tashi nan take ba. Mace na iya jinkirta aikin hadi ta hanyar adana maniyyin da ke cikin kanta.
Lokacin da wannan ya faru, invertebrate yana yin ƙwai, wanda daga yanzu an halicci ƙananan ƙwayoyi, ko larvae. Don zama daidai, katantanwa ba ta yin ƙwai kuma ta bar su cikin jiki har sai sun kyankyashe.
Gina Jiki
Yi la'akari abinci na gastropods... Hakanan grater yana taimaka musu samun abinci.
Don haka suke kiran wani abu kamar harshe, wanda aka watsa shi da ƙananan hakora masu ɗanɗano. Hakanan yakan faru yayin da katantanwar ta zame bisa duwatsun da suka dushe, sai kawai ta tsinke wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin halittu da suke manne da duwatsun.
Masu farauta suna da wani takamaiman tsari na radula (grater): wasu hakora suna hucewa daga bakin, suna iya, kamar ƙyama, don mannewa a jikin wanda aka azabtar, bayan haka kuma su sanya guba. Irin wannan makircin yana aiki, misali, lokacin da bian uwansu bivalves suka zama abincin gastropods.
Na farko, mai farauta yana yin rami a cikin bawul dinsu, saboda wannan yana amfani da yau, amma ba talakawa ba, amma yana dauke da sinadarin sulphuric acid. Herbivores kawai suna cizon algae da ciyawar ciyawa. Wannan, ta hanyar, yana da mahimmanci rawar gastropods a cikin yanayin halittu.
Irin
Yin la'akari nau'ikan gastropods, ya kamata a san cewa sun kasu kashi uku:
- Prosobranchial
Rukuni mafi yawa, tare da ingantaccen ci gaba, yawanci harsashi mai fasalin karkace. A ƙasa za mu yi magana game da wasu wakilan ƙananan ƙananan:
- Abun ciki
An yi wa mollusk laƙabi don haka don takamammen fasalinsa, ƙwarjinsa yana kama da ainihin kunnen ɗan adam. Kuma daga ciki an rufe shi da murfin iridescent na uwar lu'u-lu'u.
Wannan fasalin ya mayar da halittun cikin teku abin sana'a, saboda yana sanya shahararrun kayan tarihi. Ba da daɗewa ba, amma duk da haka, ana samun lu'lu'u masu ƙyalƙyali da kyau a cikin kwanson ƙwayoyin halittu da yawa, suna da launi mai ƙyama, tare da launuka masu launin kore da shunayya.
Bugu da kari, ana amfani da kunne don abinci, kamar kowane abinci mai dadi, ana kashe makudan kudi. Wannan dangin sun hada da siffofin mutane daban-daban guda bakwai.
Ya fi son ruwan teku mai dumi, kuma yana zaune a can. Don zama a madaidaicin wuri, suna amfani da ƙafafunsu mai ƙarfi.
Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan mannewa yana da ƙarfi sosai cewa masu hakowa na gourmet dole su yi amfani da wuƙa don yayyage mollusc ɗin daga tushe. Gullun invertebrate suna cikin ramin alkunya.
Ruwan da ya shiga wurin yana ba da iskar oxygen, sannan kuma yana fitowa ta cikin ramuka waɗanda ke malala tare da gefen kwatami. Suna yin aiki da yamma da daddare. Hadi a cikinsu yana faruwa ne a wajen jikin mutum, watau ana samun kwayayen haihuwa na mata da na maza a sashin ruwa.
- Mai busa ƙaho
Yana da harsashi mai sauƙi da ɗan elongated. Idan mai busa kaho yana tafiya kawai, zai shawo kan tunanin 10 na hanyar a cikin minti daya, amma idan yana neman abinci, zai iya ninka saurinsa.
15 santimita - wannan shine matsakaicin tsayin gidan "katantanwa". Ana cin yawancin ƙaho a cikin Asiya.
Koyaya, idan muna magana ne game da ƙarar ƙaho, to wannan juzu'i ana ɗaukarsa mafi girma a cikin rayuwar teku. Ana amfani da sashin guda don taɓawa.
Masu kamun kaho suna cin abincin kifin, kifi, kaguji har ma da walrrus. Daga cikin wadanda yake so akwai bivalves.
Misali, tare da naman mussel duka, wannan katantanwar ta miƙe cikin 'yan awanni. Idan ya zama dole, to fitar da makogwaro a nika abinci kafin ya shiga cikin goro.
Wadannan mutane suna dioecious. Snaaramar katantanwa tana buƙatar taɓa ta cikin bangon kwantena.
- Rapana
Da zarar an same su a cikin Tekun Japan kawai, amma yanzu waɗannan katantanwa suna ko'ina, musamman a cikin Bahar Maliya. Yawancin lokaci suna hibernate, an binne su cikin yashi.
Kwallansu takamaimai ne kamar yadda aka rufe shi da tsinkaye da yawa, kama da spines. Wannan ya sa ya zama mafi kyau ga mutane, saboda galibi ana siyar da kwasfa kamar abubuwan tunawa.
- Kakakin sabuwar (charonium)
Babban gastropod, tsayin ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙolin-mazugi wanda ya kai kusan cm 50. An rufe kwasfan rawaya mai launin ruwan kasa.
Kuna iya haɗuwa da mollusk a cikin tekuna masu zafi. Ruwa mai zurfi ba don shi ba ne, amma murjalun murjani wuri ne da aka fi so. Bayan haka, taurari kawai suna halakar da kyawawan kyawawan abubuwan murjani, suna cin komai a cikin hanyar su.
- Marisa
Ya yi kama da wani katantanwa na gargajiya tare da kwalli mai kama da karkace tare da jijiyoyi masu duhu. Jikin invertebrate shima haske ne, fari ne, ko kuma rawaya.
Katantanwa ba sa son abinci sosai: ana amfani da algae, rot, baƙon caviar da gawar don abinci. Ga "'yan mata" yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kuma ga "yara maza" yana da haske mai haske.
Don yin kama, mollusk ɗin ya sami ganye mai dacewa na wasu tsire-tsire kuma ya sa ƙwai a ƙarƙashinsa. Mazan, daɗaɗaɗa shi ya zama a tsaye harsashin gastropod.
- Mai kai tsaye (makiyaya)
Waɗannan halittun ruwa suna buƙatar ruwa mai sanyi da daskararren ƙasan wani ruwa, walau korama, dausayi, ko kogi. Invertebrates suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6.
Mace tana ɗauke da doa doa dozin uku a lokaci ɗaya, ba ƙwai ne ke fitowa daga jikinta ba, amma cikakkun katantanwa. harsashi mai kariya wanda ya ɓace lokaci.
- Murex
Shellananan bawo na waɗannan molluscs ba wai kawai suna da pimples, spines da protrusions ba, har ma da launi mai ban sha'awa, galibi ashy fari mai layi mai launin ruwan hoda. Waɗannan ƙananan invertebrates suna rayuwa a cikin tekuna a duniya.
Kuma idan yanzu ana haƙa su ne kawai da nufin kawata wuraren zama, amma a cikin tsohuwar zamanin miliyoyin sun lalata waɗannan katantanwa da manufa ɗaya - don samun shunayya. Sun yi amfani da fenti don yin tufafi don masu martaba, zana hotuna da tawada.
- Tilomelania
Wannan katantanwar rawaya mai haske tana da kusan baƙi, mai tsayi, mai siffar karkace. Wannan mazaunin tabkin yan iska ne.
Yana nufin nau'in rayuwa. Idan akwai gastropods a cikin yanayi, to yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5, amma idan kun sanya shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ƙarancin ransa zai iya ninka.
- Huhu
Waɗannan halittu sun mamaye ruwan daɗi, amma galibi ana samunsu a ƙasa. Idan dabba yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsabta - ɗayan biyu.
Babban fasalin su shine cewa gefen gefen rigar daga gefen gaba yana girma tare da jikin mutum. Wannan yana nufin cewa mazaunan ruwa suna yin sama-sama lokaci-lokaci don shan iska.
Duk huhun huhu hermaphrodites ne.
- Achatinids
Giant Achatina ita ce mafi girman katantanwar ƙasa. A mollusk yana cin komai na kayan lambu - ciyawa da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri.
Wannan katantanwar baya buƙatar abokin tarayya don samar da zuriya. Wannan makircin yana aiki ne kawai ga waɗanda suke girman sa ɗaya.
Idan mutane suna da girma dabam-dabam, to babba zai iya zama uwa. Molluscs na iya zama balagar jima’i tun farkon watanni shida.
Wannan jinsin katantanwa sananne ne azaman dabbobin gida.
- Pool katantanwa
Idan ka kallesu daga sama. Sannan kuna iya ganin cewa a gefe ɗaya harsashi, wanda yake mazugi ne mai juyawa, yana da zagaye, kuma a ɗaya gefen, siriri ne da kaifi. Shekarunsu gajere ne - watanni 9 ne kawai, kodayake a cikin fursuna suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru biyu.
Ana ganin ƙananan alfarwa ta allon triangular a kan babban kai. Ba za su iya yin alfahari da launi mai haske ba, waɗannan galibi suna da laushi da launin ruwan kasa.
Abincin ya hada da na tsire-tsire, amma kudaje ko kwai kifi ba za a jefar da shi ba. Don yin wannan, katantanwar kandami ya juye da lankwasa shi.
Da rana, katantanwar kandami na shawagi zuwa saman tafkin aƙalla sau 6, duka don jan iska cikin huhu. Masu ra'ayin ruwa basu son su sosai. nau'ikan gastropods, duk saboda yawan ci da haihuwa.
- Postobranchial
Suna da doguwar jiki, shimfide. Waɗannan su ne mafi ban mamaki-neman gastropods.
- Glaucus
Ya yi kama da baƙon kifi, shi ma ana yi masa laƙabi da "shuɗin dodo". AF, jiki gastropod mollusc yana da shuɗi mai haske, mai kyau ƙwarai. Dabbar karama ce: daga santimita kamar biyu zuwa biyar.
Glaucus yana da guba sosai, yana da haɗari ba kawai ga waɗanda suke son cin abinci a kansu ba, har ma ga waɗanda ke fama da su. Af, wannan halittar da ba ta dace ba ba ta da haɗari ga mutane.
- Kureren teku (aplysia)
Wannan dabba mai ɗanɗano ba ta da kwasfa, amma tana da danshi mai ɗaci (wani lokaci ruwan hoda, launin ruwan kasa, a cikin da'ira, ko a cikin daskararre), tare da bayanta wanda wani irin sikeli yake wucewa.
Horahonin slug ɗin suna da karkatarwa da ban sha'awa sosai, suna kama da kunnuwa masu ban sha'awa. Idan kullun ya tsorata da wani abu, yana fitar da tawada mai ruwan kasa.
- Ruwan tudu
Don samun abubuwan gina jiki. A cikin bayyanar, sulku yana kama da koren ganye na itace, wanda, ƙari, yana da kan katantanwa.
Daraja
Ba tare da gastropods ba, za a sami rikici na gaske a cikin tafkunan. sanarwa, cewa mahimmancin gastropods babba. Misali, slugs suna lalata amfanin gona.
Bugu da kari, wadannan halittun suna maye gurbinsu a sarkar abinci; wasu nau'ikan kifaye da Whale ba za su iya rayuwa ba tare da su ba. Bugu da ƙari, bawo suna yin kyawawan ƙira da kayan ado.
