Tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa cikin dausayi, kwatancinsu da siffofinsu
Na dogon lokaci, gulbin ruwa ya sa mutane cikin damuwa na damuwa, ko da tsoro mai firgita, ɗan kwatankwacin firgita na camfi. Kuma wannan yana da sauƙin bayani, saboda irin waɗannan shimfidar wurare koyaushe ana ɗaukarsu rusassu da wuraren barazanar rai saboda dalili.
Akwai wadatattun yankuna a doron kasa wadanda mutane basa iya isa gare su, inda akwai irin wannan kumburin da ba za a iya wucewa ba, wadanda aka boye su daga idanun kallo ta hanyar ciyawa da mosses, cewa idan wani matafiyi da ya rasa, da nufin kaddara, ya kasance a cikin wani wuri mai masifa, to damfara mai cike da rudani zai hanzarta jan shi zuwa kasa sosai.
Akwai gulbin ruwa da yawa a cikin Belarus da Ukraine. A yankin Turai na Rasha, yawancin yankuna masu ruwa suna cikin tsakiya da arewacin yankuna. Yankin Moscow ya shahara da su. Makamantan yankuna sun bazu a yamma da babbar Siberia, da Kamchatka.
Ta mahangar kimiyya, shimfidar shimfidar wuri wasu yankuna ne na musamman wadanda ruwa ko tsayayyen ruwa da ke tserewa daga hanjin duniya yana haifar da danshi mai yawa, yana shafar tsarin kasa.
A hoto, tsuntsun ba shi da kyau
Dangane da halaye na ɗabi'a da yanayin yankin, gulbin ruwa yana tara hazo da ke shayar da ruwan karkashin kasa. Duk wannan yana haifar da yanayi na mazaunin wakilan fuka-fukai a cikin waɗannan yankuna, kuma tsuntsayen fadama daidai dacewa don rayuwa a cikin wani yanayi wanda bai dace da mutane sosai ba.
Haushi
Kogin fadama ba wai kawai ya firgita ba ne, amma ya ja hankalin mutane da sirrinsu da ba a warware su ba. Misali, magabata da gaske sun yi imani cewa fadama wuri ne na mahaukatan ruhohi da mugayen ruhohi.
Voicesirƙirar kirkirar labarai da tatsuniyoyi an sauƙaƙe su sosai ta hanyar muryoyin da aka buga tsuntsaye, Mazaunan fadama... Aya daga cikin waɗannan halittu masu wuyan ban tsoro shine haushi. Galibi ana rarrabe rairayinta cikin nutsuwa ne da yamma ko kuma da dare.
Sau da yawa, musamman a lokacin da ake saduwa, waɗannan waƙoƙin na musamman suna kama da ƙaramin gajeren gajere mai ƙarfi; wani lokacin tsuntsu yana fitar da sautuka masu banƙyama, wanda ake kiran sa bijimin ruwa ko mai ji daɗi.
Irin waɗannan halittu masu ban al'ajabi, waɗanda ke wakiltar dangin dangi, suna zaune kusa fadama da tabkuna, tsuntsaye suna iya narkewa a zahiri a cikin sandar kara, suna miƙar da kai da wuyansu a layi lokacin da mutum ya kusanci, yayin da yake zama kama da bunches na ciyawar fadama. A irin wannan lokacin, ba shi yiwuwa a gano su, koda a kusan kalle su a kusa da su.
A waje, waɗannan ƙananan halittun ba su da kyau, ƙashi kuma ba a gani, suna alama ce ta munana tsakanin mutane da yawa. Bayyanar tasu ta zama abin firgita yayin da tsuntsayen, suka firgita, suka baje fikafikan su rabin lankwasa, suka miqa wuyansu gaba, cewa hatta mafarauta suna jin kunyar irin wannan wauta.
Kuma ba gaba daya ba tare da dalili ba, saboda a dabi'ance haushi wata mummunar halitta ce, kuma ba zai zama da kyau ga makiyi ba idan, a cikin tsaro, ta yanke shawarar buge shi da wani kakkausar baki.
Bitan kaji masu ɗaci na ido-goge, yin kwalliya, gulma da sautunan raɗaɗi, sun fi zama marasa kyau, ƙyama da munana. Yawan irin wadannan tsuntsayen suna da fadi sosai, suna yaduwa ta cikin Turai da gaba, har zuwa Tsibirin Sakhalin.
Tsuntsu mai ɗaci
Snipe
Sautunan da ba'a saba dasu ba, kama da hurar da ɗan rago, ana yin su ne ta tsuntsun ɓoye, wanda ake samu a gandun ruwa mai dausayi. Bugu da ƙari, asalinsu shine gashin jela wanda yake rawar jiki yayin tashin iska.
Yayin da ake saduwa, maza, masu tasowa sama, sunyi nutso sosai, wanda shine dalilin wannan fasalin. Jirgin wannan tsuntsu mai kumburin daga fadama farawa tare da gurnani.
Bayan haka, tsuntsayen suna lilo cikin iska cikin zigzag na wani lokaci, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli babu shakka ga mafarautan da ke ƙoƙari su bugi irin wannan manufa. Bayyanar wannan ƙaramin tsuntsayen ya fi baƙon abu, kuma an fi bambanta shi da bakinsa mai tsayin centimita biyar, duk da cewa irin waɗannan halittun ba su da girman kaza kawai, kuma nauyinsu ya kai 150 g.
Launin waɗannan halittun masu siririn-ƙafa daban an rarrabe su da haske iri iri kuma ya yawaita launuka masu launin ruwan kasa, fari da baƙi. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin Rasha, kusan a duk yankunanta, ban da Kamchatka da yankuna na arewa, amma don hunturu suna zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi.
Tsuntsaye tsuntsaye
Gwaninta
Wadannan shimfidar wurare ba ta shahara da wadatar fure ba. Waɗannan yankuna, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna cike da yalwar mosses, waɗanda, tare da lichens, suna girma fadama. Tsuntsaye, gida a kan kumburin gansakuka, sau da yawa yakan zama makirci. Yawancin lokaci takan shirya wurin zama don kajin nan gaba a ƙasa cikin ƙananan ramuka, tana lika gidajen sauron da taushi don ta'aziyya.
Mai yin makircin yana rufe gidarsa daga idanuwan idanuwa cikin ƙwarewa, don haka kusan ya haɗu da kewayen shimfidar wuri. Wadannan tsuntsayen, sun dan fi girma girma fiye da tauraruwa, suna da kaifin hankali, launin toka-ruwan kasa mai launin toka.
Suna da ɗan gajeren baki, suna fitar da sautuka, suna tashi da gudu da sauri a kan ƙananan, nesa da siririn ƙafafu. Sunyi rani a arewacin Turai da Asiya, kuma a lokacin hunturu suna zuwa kudu don neman dumi.
Plovers suna wakiltar rukuni ne na masu raƙuman ruwa, kowanne ɗayan mambobi masu fuka-fukai suna da halaye na kansu, daban da kamanni da salon rayuwa. Wasu daga cikinsu, gami da su tsuntsaye, zaune a cikin daushen.
Fadama tsuntsayen plover
Fadama sandpiper
Tsuntsayen suna da girman kamar kurciya, amma sun fi girma saboda tsayin wuyanta, bakinta da ƙafafunta. Wadannan halittu ana rarrabe su da fuka-fuka masu launin rawaya-ja-ja.
Sun isa gugun arewa daga damuna a tsakiyar bazara, suna dawowa kowace shekara zuwa wuri guda, wanda zasu iya canza shi kawai saboda bushewa daga wurin da wasu mawuyacin yanayi.
Kulawa da kajin da yawa, wanda wasu masu larura ke shimfidawa, yakan zama sanadiyar mutuwar ofa broan, haifar da matsala ga iyayen. Namiji mai firgita, yana ƙoƙarin tsoratar da baƙi waɗanda ba a so daga gida, ya ci amanar wurinsa.
Tsuntsaye suna da matukar sha'awa ga mafarauta saboda dadi, nama mai taushi, wanda yayi sanadiyyar lalacewar dukkan tsararrun irin wadannan tsuntsayen.
A cikin hoton akwai sandar sandar
Duck
Dausayi, a cewar masana kimiyya, sun dace da mazaunin wakilai da yawa na masarautar tsuntsaye, waɗanda suke jin daɗin zama cikin yanayin da aka bayyana, tun da daɗewa sun zaɓi irin waɗannan shimfidar wurare (akan hotunan tsuntsayen fadama mai yiyuwa ne a tabbatar da hakan).
Kodayake muhalli, yankunansu, musamman flora, suna da banbanci sosai. Dazuzzuka da gandun daji suka mamaye sannu a hankali, a matsayinka na mai mulki, sun lalace, kuma ana maye gurbin nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa masu son danshi.
Gaskiya ne, a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna, dwarf pines suna da tushe kuma suna yaduwa sosai, wasu nau'ikan birch, spruces da Willows suna girma. Dogaro da girman fadakarwar yankin, ire-iren tsire-tsire nata na ci gaba a can.
Sedge da reed suna girma a cikin ganyayyaki mara ƙasa. Ruwan fadama kuma sanannen kasancewar wadatacce, mai wadataccen bitamin, 'ya'yan itace: shuda-fure, cranberries, girgije da sauransu. Tsuntsaye da yawa suna ciyar da su, har ma da tsire-tsire masu ɗimbin tsire-tsire. Daga cikinsu akwai ducks na daji - fadamar ruwa.
Irin wadannan tsuntsayen, wadanda aka saba da su a Arewacin duniya, suna da madaidaiciyar sikeli, madaidaiciya baki kuma sun shahara da kasancewar membran a kan tafafunsu, wanda hakan ke taimaka musu matuka wajen samun nasarar motsawa cikin yanayin ruwa. Sau da yawa, idan suna gudu a kan ruwa, agwagi suna fika fikafikan su. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa ta wannan hanyar, waɗannan halittu suna tsaftace fuka-fukai.
Duck
Mujiya mai gajeren saurare
Irin wannan tsuntsu ma ba ya son cin 'ya'yan itace sabo, amma ya fi son farautar ƙananan beraye da dare: beraye, voles, hamsters da jerboas.
Mujiya na neman abin farautarta, mujiya tana hawa ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma bayan ta zaɓi abin farautarta, sai ta yi sauri ta tafi da shi cikin faratan hanunta. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai natsuwa, amma kuma yana iya cika shirun da sauti na musamman.
Abin da tsuntsu a fadama baba, barks da yaps? Mujiya na yin wannan, tana kiyaye gidanta. A lokacin saduwar aure, daidaikun maza da mata suna aiwatar da kira ga junan su. Cavaliers suna fitar da hout mai ban tsoro, kuma mata suna maimaita su da kuka na musamman.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ana samun su ba kawai a cikin sararin Turai ba, har ma a Amurka. Tsawon jikinsu bai fi rabin mita kaɗan ba, labulen launin ruwan kasa ne-rawaya, bakin-baki kuwa baƙi ne. Tsuntsayen sun bazu a kan yanki mai faɗi, suna da yawa kuma basa buƙatar kariya.
Tsuntsun mujiya na kunnuwa
Farar kunkuru
Wannan halittar fuka-fukan, tana zaune a yankunan arewacin, tsakanin dwarf birches, willows da tundra berries, hakika kawai suna jin daɗin 'ya'yan itacen marsh. Farar janjirin tsuntsu ne mai raunin jiki tare da karamin kai da idanu; bakin da aka rufe da gashinsa da gajerun kafafu.
A lokacin bazara, launuka masu launin ruwan kasa da launin rawaya suna bayyana a kan galibin ruwan farin dusar ƙanƙararsa, kuma giraren tsuntsun suna ɗaukar jan launi mai haske. Tare da nauyin rayuwa har zuwa 700 g, ptarmigan yana jan hankalin mafarauta da naman sa mai gina jiki.
Hoton ptarmigan ne
Heron
Masana kimiyya ba tare da dalili ba suna daukar shimfidar shimfidar wurare masu amfani sosai, suna kiran su "huhun" duniya. Suna rage abubuwan da ke cikin carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya kuma suna hana tasirin greenhouse, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin agroecosystems, suna shiga cikin samuwar koguna.
Duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar wani microclimate a yankunan fadama. Misali, adaidaita sahun sarakuna fadama da tafkunan ruwa, tsuntsaye heron, daidai ya sami gindin zama a cikin irin shimfidar shimfidar, ba kwatsam.
Bayan duk wannan, daushin ciyawar ruwa, dusar ƙanƙara da dazuzzuka suna zama kyakkyawan sutura kuma suna kare su daga masu farauta. Kari kan haka, fadamar a koyaushe cike take da kwadi, wanda ke nufin cewa koyaushe ana samar da abinci ga tsuntsayen da suka fi son wannan abincin, har da kifi.
Ana iya kiran maraƙin kyakkyawan tsuntsu, in ba don jujjuyawar motsi ba da kuma yadda take amfani da daskarewa. Amma a cikin gulbin ruwa, alheri ba shine mafi mahimmanci ba, amma a cikin irin wannan yanayin waɗannan halittu na iya rikicewa tare da kullin haɗi, wanda ke da matukar amfani ta fuskar tsaro.
Hannun ƙarfe suna tafiya da sauri a kan ruwa akan dogayen ƙafafunsu, kuma suna jin daɗi a cikin gadajen sandar. Gaskiya ne, sautukan da suke yi, kama da kururuwar wani ko kuwwa, ba gaba daya ba ce ta musika.
A cikin hoton tsuntsu ne mai ban tsoro
Stork
Yawancin tsuntsayen da ke tafiya suna da sifofi na halaye masu yawa: wuyan wuya da ƙafafu na sirara, da babban baki. Irin waɗannan halaye suna taimakawa kada su jike a wurare masu dausayi na jikinsu, koyaushe suna sama da ƙasa. Wani dogon baki yana iya samar da abinci mai dacewa.
Storks - manyan tsuntsaye masu faffadan fuka-fukai wadanda suka bazu wuyansu gaba a tashi - na irin tsuntsayen ne. Sun yadu ko'ina cikin duniya, ana samunsu a kasashen da ke da yanayin zafi da sanyi.
A cikin hoton stork
Gwanin launin toka
Wadannan tsuntsayen ma sun gamsu da rayuwar da ke cikin dausayin, kuma kwalliyar da ke da launin toka sun sami nasarar mamaye saman matakan fadamar su. Da suke zaune a irin wadannan yankuna, tsuntsayen suna kokarin kare kansu daga ci gaban wayewa ta kowane bangare.
Kuma dausayin da ba zai iya shiga ba yana ɓoye tsuntsaye daga idanun mutane. Cranes, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani daga sunan, suna da launin toka, wasu gashin fuka-fukan ne kawai baƙi. Girman tsuntsayen yana da ban sha'awa sosai, kuma wasu mutane sun kai mita biyu a girma.
Kwancen suna da ban sha'awa don raye-rayen su. Ana ba da raye-raye na ibada, duka biyu-biyu ko ƙungiyoyi, kuma a kaɗaice, ana yin su yayin lokacin saduwa. Ana bayyana irin waɗannan motsi a cikin tsalle-tsalle da fuka-fukai, suna gudana a cikin zigzags kuma a cikin da'ira, haka kuma a cikin matakan da aka auna tare da mahimmin kallo.
Gwanin launin toka
Teterev
Lokaci-lokaci, wakilai daga dangi masu farin ciki suna ziyartar daushen: baƙon baki da capercaillie, wanda sha'awar sha'awar cin 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi a cikin wannan yanki ke motsa su.
Ga mafarautan tsakiyar Rasha, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun kasance shahararrun ganima. Dukkan jinsunan tsuntsayen sun dan yi kama, amma ga gogaggen mutum ba abu ne mai wahala a bambance shi ba.
Nauyin jikin baƙar gilashi ya wuce kilogram kawai. Filayen irin waɗannan tsuntsayen sunfi duhu duhu tare da kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi da fari-dige a fuka-fuki. Tsuntsayen suna rarrabe da wutsiya mai kama da waka.
Sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi da yankuna masu tuddai, waɗanda ke da dazuzzuka, waɗanda ke cikin kwari koguna da fadama, tsuntsaye idan suna zaune a dazuzzuka, ba su da yawa sosai. Tsuntsayen ba sa son jiragen nesa, amma idan ya zama dole ko kuma idan akwai ƙarancin abinci, za su iya yin tafiyar kusan kilomita 10 ta cikin iska.
Black grouse tsuntsu (mace)
Gwanin itace
Wani katon tsuntsu mai tsayin mita daya, mai kimanin kilo 5, tare da launin fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka masu launin fuka-fukai da kuma kirji mai launin shuɗi mai launin kore, da kuma jelar zagaye. Ta fi so ta zauna a cikin gandun daji kusa da fadama, inda take cin abinci ba kawai 'ya'yan itace ba, har ma da allurai.
Gurasar katako, masu nauyi a kan hauhawar, suna yin yawancin rayuwarsu a ƙasa, kawai suna kwana a kan bishiyoyi. Kusan basu san hawa ba, sama da mita goma suna wucewa ta iska.
A cikin hoton akwai ɗan tsuntsaye capercaillie
Macaw mai launin shuɗi da rawaya
Yawancin yankuna masu dausayi suna cikin yankin Arewacin duniya, amma kuma suna wanzuwa a ɓangaren kishiyar duniya. Misali, a cikin duniya, mafi girman irin wannan shimfidar shimfidar wuri shine kogin Amazon.
Yawancin tsuntsaye suna zaune a wurin, ɗayan wakilai masu haske irin wannan shi ne aku mai shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda aka danganta shi tsuntsaye na fadama da bakin teku wannan babban kogin. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu ban sha'awa suna tashi da kyau, kuma lamuransu mai kamawa yana sanya su ba su ganuwa da asalin ciyawar yankin.
Aku yana da damuwa game da mutane kuma yana rayuwa cikin manyan garken tumaki, wanda ke taruwa idan magariba ta gabato a wuraren dare. Kuma da sassafe ku tafi neman abinci, kuna ihu da ƙarfi a kewayen unguwar.
Aku blue da yellow macaw
Flamingo
Irin wannan tsuntsu yakan gina gidajanci a cikin fadama a gefen tafkuna. Nauyin waɗannan kyawawan halittu masu kyakkyawar rayuwa da ke zaune a Turai, Afirka da Asiya galibi suna kai 4 kilogiram. Red flamingos yana da dogon wuya da kafafu, kuma yana da ruwan hoda mai haske. Duk da alherinsu, waɗannan halittun suna da nauyin ɗagawa.
Sun rabu sosai ba tare da jinkiri ba kuma a cikin lamura idan suna cikin haɗari mai tsanani. Sun daɗe suna guduna, amma a cikin gudu suna da ban sha'awa, suna da kyau musamman ga sararin samaniyar azure.
Flamingo a cikin hoto
Marsh harrier
Loonies sun fi son yankuna masu dausayi, da kuma wuraren da ke da fauna na cikin ruwa. Kafin duban mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin yin tunanin mazaunin masu haɗari, nan da nan za a jawo wuri mai dausayi da kuma ciyawar dawa.
A cikin hoton, maɓallin fadama
Makiyayi yaro
Yaron makiyayi, ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiransa, yaron makiyayi na ruwa, ƙaramin tsuntsun ruwa ne na dangin makiyayi wanda ke rayuwa galibi cikin fadama da kuma kusa da jikin ruwa. An haɗa shi a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red na wasu ƙasashe saboda ƙarancin yawan jama'a a waɗannan yankuna.
Tsuntsaye mai kiwon ruwa
Warbler
Yankuna masu dausayi tare da ruwa ko ruwa, ciyawar ciyawa wuri ne mai kyau don warbler ya zauna. Duk da yawan jama'a, kwanan wata tare da ita a cikin jeji abu ne mai wuya.
A hoto, tsuntsun warbler
