Duk wanda har yanzu yake tunanin cewa babban kifi a doron duniyar shine shuɗin whale yayi kuskure sosai. Whales suna cikin rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa, kuma a cikin su hakika shine mafi-ƙwarai. Kuma a nan kifin whale ya fi yawa mafi girman kifi mai rai.
Bayani da fasali na kifin whale
Wannan babban kifin ya ɓoye daga idanun masana ilimin kimiyya na dogon lokaci kuma an gano shi kuma an bayyana shi kwanan nan - a cikin 1928. Tabbas, a zamanin da akwai jita-jita game da girman dodo wanda ba a taba yin irinsa ba yana rayuwa a cikin zurfin teku, masunta da yawa suna ganin bayanansa ta hanyar layin ruwa.
Amma a karon farko, masanin kimiyya daga Ingila Andrew Smith ya yi sa'a ya gani da idanunsa, shi ne ya bayyana dalla-dalla ga masanan dabbobi game da kamanninta da tsarinta. Kifin da aka kama a gaɓar tekun Cape Town, mai tsawon mita 4.5, sunan sa Rhincodon typus (kifin whale).
Wataƙila, masanin halitta ya kama matashi, tunda matsakaiciyar tsawon wannan mazaunin karkashin ruwa ya faɗi ne daga mita 10-12, Whale shark nauyi - tan 12-14. Mafi babban kifin kifin Whale, wanda aka gano a ƙarshen karnin da ya gabata, yakai nauyin tan 34 kuma ya kai tsawon mita 20.
Kifin kifin ya samo sunansa ba don girmansa mai ban sha'awa ba, amma don tsarin muƙamuƙi: bakinsa yana tsaye a tsakiyar kai, kamar a cikin kifin whale na gaske, kuma ba ma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ba, kamar a yawancin yawancin dangin kifayen sa.
Whale shark ya sha bamban da takwarorinsa har ya keɓe a cikin wani gida na daban, wanda ya ƙunshi jinsi ɗaya da jinsi ɗaya - Rhincodon typus. Babban jikin kifin kifin whale an rufe shi da sikeli na kariya na musamman, kowane irin wannan farantan an ɓoye shi a ƙarƙashin fata, kuma a saman za ka ga kawai reza-kaɗan mai kama da haƙoran kama da haƙori.
Sikeli an rufe shi da abu mai kama da enamel na vitrodentin kuma ba su kasa da ƙarfi ga haƙoran shark. Ana kiran wannan sulken placoid kuma ana samun sa a cikin duk nau'in kifin shark. Fatar kifin kifin kifin kifi na iya zama kauri har zuwa 14 cm. Layer mai laushi mai laushi - duk 20 cm.
Tsawon kifin kifin whale zai iya wuce mita 10
Daga baya, kifin whale mai launin shuɗi mai launin toka mai launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa. Haske farin haske mai kama da siffa mai jujjuya warwatse akan bangon babban duhu. A kan kai, da fika-fikai da wutsiya, sun fi ƙanana da hargitsi, yayin da a bayansu kuma suka samar da kyakkyawan tsarin lissafi na ratsi-ratsi na yau da kullun. Kowane kifin kifin kifin na kifin yana da tsari na musamman, kwatankwacin zanan yatsan mutum. Babban katon cikin kifin shark yana da fari-fari ko kuma mai launi kaɗan.
Kan yana da fasasshen fasali, musamman zuwa ƙarshen hancinsa. Yayin ciyarwa, bakin shark yana budewa sosai, yana yin wani nau'in oval. Whale shark hakora da yawa za su yi takaici: jajan an sanye su da ƙananan hakora (har zuwa 6 mm), amma lambar za ta ba ku mamaki - akwai kusan dubu 15 daga cikinsu!
Eyesananan idanuwa masu zurfin zurfafawa suna gefen gefen bakin; musamman a cikin manyan mutane, ƙwallan ido ba su wuce girman ƙwallon golf ba. Sharks ba su san yadda za su yi ƙyaftawa ba, duk da haka, idan wani babban abu ya kusanci ido, kifin yana jan ido a ciki ya rufe shi da fata na musamman.
Gaskiya mai dadi: whale sharkKamar sauran wakilai na ƙabilar shark, tare da rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin ruwa, yana iya kashe wani ɓangare na ƙwaƙwalwarsa ya shiga cikin bacci don kiyaye kuzari da kuzari. Hakanan yana da ban sha'awa cewa sharks ba sa jin zafi: jikinsu yana samar da wani abu na musamman wanda ke toshe abubuwan jin daɗi.
Whale shark salon da mazauninsu
Whale shark, girma wanda yake faruwa ne sakamakon rashin makiya na dabi'a, a hankali yana narkar da fadadar tekunan a hanzarin da bai wuce kilomita 5 / h ba. Wannan maɗaukakiyar halittar, kamar jirgin ruwa mai nutsuwa, a hankali tana ratsawa ta cikin ruwa, yana buɗe bakinta lokaci-lokaci don haɗiye abinci.
Wurin tabo a kan kifin whale ya zama daban kamar zanan yatsun mutum
Whale sharks halittu ne masu jinkiri kuma ba sa nuna halin ko oho wanda ba ya nuna wani tashin hankali ko sha'awa. Sau da yawa zaka iya samu hoton whale shark kusan a cikin runguma tare da mai nutsewa: hakika, wannan nau'in ba ya haifar da haɗari ga mutane kuma yana ba ka damar yin iyo kusa da kanka, taɓa jikin ko ma hau, riƙe da ƙyamar dorsal.
Abin da kawai zai iya faruwa shi ne busawa tare da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da iko, idan ba a kashe ba, to yana da kyau a gurgunta. Dangane da nazarin ilimin kimiyya, kifayen kifin kifi kifi suna riƙe a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, sau da yawa sau ɗaya bayan ɗaya, amma wani lokacin, a wuraren tarin kifayen makaranta na zamani, lambar su na iya kaiwa zuwa ɗari.
Don haka, daga bakin tekun Yucatan a shekara ta 2009, masanan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun kirga mutane sama da 400, irin wannan tarin ya samo asali ne sakamakon yawan sabbin kwai da aka samu, wadanda sharks ke cin abincinsu.
Sharks, gami da kifayen teku, dole ne koyaushe su kasance cikin motsi, tun da ba su da mafitsara mai iyo. Finfin musculature yana taimakawa zuciyar kifin don harba jini da kiyaye isasshen jini na rayuwa. Ba su taɓa yin barci ba kawai suna iya nutsewa zuwa ƙasan ko ɓoye cikin kogwannin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa don hutawa.
Babbar hanta ce ke taimaka wa Sharks don su kasance cikin ruwa sama, wanda shine kashi 60% na adipose. Amma don kifin kifin whale, wannan bai isa ba, dole ne ya taso saman ruwa ya hadiye iska don kada ya tafi ƙasan. Whale shark na daga nau'ikan halittu masu wahala, ma'ana, suna rayuwa a saman matakan tekunan duniya. Yawancin lokaci ba ya nitsewa ƙasa da mita 70, kodayake yana iya nitsewa zuwa 700 m.
Saboda wannan fasalin, kifayen kifayen kifayen ruwa sukan yi karo da manyan jiragen ruwa, gurgu ko ma mutu. Sharks ba su san yadda za su tsaya ko rage gudu sosai ba, saboda a wannan yanayin kwararar iskar oxygen cikin gills din kadan ne kuma kifin na iya shanyewa.
Whale sharks ne thermophilic. Ruwan saman ƙasa a wuraren da suke zaune yana ɗumi har zuwa 21-25 ° С. Wadannan titan ba za a iya samun su a arewa ko kudu na kwatankwacin 40th ba. Ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin ruwan Tekun Pasifik, Indiya da Tekun Atlantika.
Har ila yau, kifayen kifayen Whale suna da wuraren da suka fi so: gabashin gabas da kudu maso gabashin Afirka, tsibirin Seychelles, tsibirin Taiwan, Kogin Mexico, Philippines, da gabar Australiya. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa kashi 20% na mutanen duniya suna rayuwa ne a gefen tekun Mozambique.
Ciyar da kifin Whale shark
Paradoxically, amma kifin whale ba a dauke shi mai farauta a yadda aka saba ba. Tare da girman girmansa, kifin whale ba ya afkawa wasu manyan dabbobi ko kifi, amma yana ciyar da zooplankton, crustaceans da ƙananan kifi waɗanda suka faɗa cikin babbar bakinta. Sardines, anchovies, mackerel, krill, wasu nau'ikan mackerel, ƙaramin tuna, jellyfish, squid da abin da ake kira "ƙurar rayayyu" - wannan ita ce abincin da ake ci gaba da wannan.
Abin birgewa ne don kallon wannan katuwar abincin. Kifin kifin shark ya bude babbar bakinsa, wanda diamitarsa zai iya kaiwa mita 1.5, kuma ya kama ruwan teku tare da kananan dabbobi. Sannan bakin ya rufe, ruwa ya tsabtace kuma ya fita ta ramin gill, sannan a aika da abinci mara kyau kai tsaye zuwa cikin ciki.
Kifin kifin kifin na kifi yana da kayan aikin tace abubuwa, wadanda suka kunshi faranti guda 20, wadanda suke hada bakunan baka, suna yin wani irin lattice. Teethananan hakora suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye abinci a bakinka. Wannan hanyar cin abinci ba ta da mahimmanci kifin whale: ƙato kuma ana cin babbar baki iri daya.
Whale shark yana da kunkuntar esophagus (kimanin 10 cm a diamita). Domin tura isasshen abinci ta irin wannan ƙaramin ramin, wannan babban kifin dole ne ya kashe kimanin awanni 7-8 a rana don samun abinci.
Gilashin kifin Shark pam kimanin fan dubu 6000 na awa daya. Ba za a iya kiran kifin kifin whale mai cin abinci ba: yana cin kilogiram 100-200 ne kawai a rana, wanda kawai nauyinsa ne 0.6-1.3%.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar kifin whale
Na dogon lokaci, kusan babu tabbataccen bayanai game da yadda kifin kifin whale yake haifuwa. Ba da daɗewa ba aka fara samun nasarar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin fursuna, a cikin manyan ɗakunan ruwa, inda irin waɗannan ƙattai suke da 'yanci.
A yau, su 140 ne kacal a duniya. Godiya ga fasahohin zamani waɗanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan manya-manyan gine-ginen, ya zama ya zama mai yiwuwa a lura da rayuwar waɗannan halittu da nazarin halayensu.
Kifayen kifayen kifayen kifaye masu kama da kifi. Cikin mahaifarka whale shark dogon Mita 10-12 na iya ɗaukar embryo 300 a lokaci guda, waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin capsules na musamman kamar ƙwai. Sharks suna ƙyanƙyashe a cikin mace kuma an haife su a matsayin cikakkun mutane masu zaman kansu. Tsawon sabon kifayen kifin whale 40-60 cm.
A lokacin haihuwa, jarirai suna da wadataccen kayan abinci wanda ba za su iya ciyarwa na dogon lokaci ba. Akwai sanannen sanannen lokacin da aka fitar da kifin shark mai rai daga shark shark kuma aka sanya shi a cikin babban akwatin kifaye: thean ya tsira, amma ya fara cin kwanaki 17 kawai bayan haka. A cewar masana kimiyya, lokacin ciki na kifin whale ya kai kimanin shekaru 2. A wannan lokacin, mace tana barin ƙungiyar kuma tana yawo ita kaɗai.
Masanan Ichthyologists suna gaskanta cewa kifayen kifayen kifayen sun isa balaga da tsawon jiki na 4.5 m (bisa ga wani fasalin, daga 8). Shekarun kifin shark a wannan lokacin na iya kasancewa shekaru 30-50.
Tsawon rayuwar wannan katuwar rayuwa ta rayuwar teku ya kai shekara 70, wasu suna rayuwa har zuwa 100. Amma mutanen da suka rayu shekaru 150 ko sama da haka har yanzu ƙari ne. A yau, ana kula da kifayen kifin whale, an yi musu alama da tashoshin rediyo, kuma ana kula da hanyoyin ƙaurarsu. Akwai kusan mutane dubu ɗaya irin waɗannan "alamun" mutane, da yawa waɗanda har yanzu suke yawo a cikin zurfin ba a sani ba.
Game da kifin kifin whale, fari ko wani abu dabam, zaku iya magana na tsawon awanni: kowannensu duniya ce gabaɗaya, ƙaramin fili da sararin samaniya. Wauta ce muyi tunanin cewa mun san komai game dasu - saukinsu a bayyane yake, kuma samuwar karatu yaudara ce. Da yake sun rayu a Duniya tsawon miliyoyin shekaru, har yanzu suna cike da sirri kuma ba su daina mamakin masu bincike.
