"Dawakai masu kyau basa taba mummunan launi .."
tsohuwar karin magana ta yorkshire
"Sivka-burka, kaurka ta annabci, tsaya a gabana, kamar wani ganye a gaban ciyawa!" - wannan kukan daga labarin mutane sananne ne ga kowane ɗan Rasha. Wataƙila, kowane yaro, yana jin waɗannan kalmomin, ya tambayi manya me yasa sunan doki mai sihiri ya zama baƙon abu? Ana iya samun amsar idan ka karanta littattafan har zuwa ƙarshe.
Launi na gado ne, yana da halayen da ke haifar da launin launi na fata, gashi, iris, mane, wutsiya da goge. Malaman Hippo sun kasafta dawakai zuwa kara 4:
- bay,
- baki
- ja,
- launin toka-toka.
An rarraba su cikin yawancin masu koyon aiki. Irin wannan tsarin ya faru har ma a Girka ta Hellenistic.
Bay doki kwat da wando dangane da tsarin kwayoyin, ya fi kama da dangin da ba su da wahala. Bay ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafiya gajiya, biyayya da sauri.
Yawancin kabilu makiyaya waɗanda suka san abubuwa da yawa game da dawakai sun zaɓi wannan takaddar musamman. A yau ana kallon dawakin bay Frenkel ya zama doki mafi tsada, farashin sa dala miliyan 200 ne.
Matsayi na farko tsakanin masu shekaru ɗari ɗaya ya mamaye bay ne Cleveland wanda ke ɗaukar Billy. Tsoho ya rayu tsawon shekaru 62, wato, sau biyu kenan. Duk rayuwarsa ya yi aiki, yana jan kaya a bakin teku.
Daga ina suka fito sunayen launukan doki - batun sha'awa mai dacewa da labarin daban. "Gnidor" a Latin yana nufin "hayaki mai hayaki". Jikin bay yana da launin ruwan kasa, kuma goshin da jelarsa baƙi ne.
An raba kwatamin kirji zuwa masu koyo:
- kirji mai haske;
- bakin duhu;
- barewa;
- ceri;
- zinariya;
- kirji;
- prying;
- karakova.
Tare da shida na farko komai a bayyane yake, amma tare da na ƙarshe 2 - ma'anar moot. Dawakan da suka yi furfura sun yi fari, kamar suna ƙonewa, wuraren idanu, ƙamshi, makwancin guiwa da guiwar hannu. Kalmar "podlas" tana gaba da "podpal", wurare masu inuwa.
A cikin hoton, doki na kwat da wando
Karak kwat da wando yana ba da shawarar zurfin launin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu mai haɗuwa tare da ƙafafun baƙar fata, goge da jela. A cikin yaren Turkanci "baƙar fata-launin ruwan kasa" sauti "kara-kupa".
A cikin hoton akwai kwat na karak karak
Bakin doki daidai daidai don kiran mace mai duhun fata: baƙar fata, fata da gashi. Masu saurin fushi, kyawawan mutane kyawawa, an daɗe ana nema, gami da cikin mafiya girman wannan duniyar. Bakin doki a cikin hanyar bayarwa tsakanin makiyaya an san shi da alama ta girmamawa mai girma har ma da yabawa.
Amma a cikin al'adu da yawa, dawakai baƙi suna alamta wani abu mara kyau. Sun kasance suna da alaƙa da yunwa, mutuwa da sauran abubuwan duniya. Don haka, jama'ar Komi suna da dadadden labari game da dawakai uku, a ɗauke da ɗaukar duniya: idan baƙar fata - rashin abinci da annoba, fari - ƙiyayya da mutuwa, ja - kwanciyar hankali da nutsuwa.
Bakin doki
Farin-baƙin doki ya haifar da tsoro da tsoro a filin daga. Kamar yadda masana tarihi suka fada, Bucephalus na Alexander the Great na ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan. Baƙar fata suna da nasu almajirai:
- baƙi (mai launin shuɗi);
- baƙi a cikin tan;
- azurfa-baki;
- baki-baƙi.
Sunan mai baƙar fata a cikin tan don suna mai haske a saman shari'ar. Ta yi kama da ta ƙone a rana, a kowace rana tana karɓar wani ɓangare na iskar ultraviolet a kan kiwo. Daga launi na dawakai, launi wannan yana iya rikicewa tare da karakova, fata mai duhu da asalin gashi suna gane su.
Baƙin launin doki a cikin tan
Azurfa-baki - kwat da wando, inda makunnin haske da wutsiya ya bambanta da launin anthracite na jiki. Dokin Ash-baki - tare da shekin launi na duhu cakulan. Suna da kyau musamman a cikin hasken rana.
Black azurfa
Ana samun baƙar fata tsakanin nau'ikan da yawa, amma akwai waɗanda wannan shine kawai launi mai karɓa - Friesian da Ariejoise. Red kwat da wando - ba son sani ba, a zamanin da ana kiranta "sumbace ta da wuta." Launi ya fara ne daga apricot zuwa tubalin duhu. Launin abin gogewa da jela ya dogara da almajiri. Karar "rana" ta hada da:
- mai wasa;
- fatar kankara;
- launin ruwan kasa;
- malamar dare.
Domin wasa doki wanda ke da launi mai launin ruwan kasa-ja, haɗe da man goshi da jela, waɗanda ke da tabarau daban-daban: daga yashi zuwa kirim. Idan ko wutsiya ko motsin sun bambanta, dokin ma ana ɗaukarsa mai wasa.
Karin maganar "mai wasa" haɗuwa ce ta Turkic "dzheren" - wato, barewa, da kuma Rasha "mai wasa". Nuna launi, a bayyane suka bayyana yanayin dokin: mai hankali da natsuwa.
Wasa dawakai kwat
Game da dawakai masu ruwan kasa, a cikin Tatar "bulan" na nufin "barewa". Launin dawakan rawaya ne-zinariya; kafafu, wutsiya da goge baki ne. Dawakan masu launin ruwan kasa galibi suna kuskure don dawakai masu haske.
A cikin hoton dokin dun ne
Kawa ta rikice tare da kirjin kirji mai duhu, amma ƙafafunta, ba kamar jela da motarta ba, suna da launi iri ɗaya mai duhu kamar jiki. Villi na launin baƙar fata da ja, idan aka gauraya, ya ba da launin ruwan kasa mai zaki.
Shahararren "burka" shi ne Karabakh mare Lisette, sanannen marainiyar Peter the Great. Ita ce wacce ta yi fice a yawancin zane-zanen da ke nuna sarki a kan doki, daidai yake da "Mai Dawakin Tagulla".
Fitacciyar Lisette wata baiwar Allah ce mai saurin fushi kuma tana saurarar sarki guda ɗaya, wanda ya sanya rayuwa cikin wahala ga angwaye. Sau ɗaya, a cikin yaƙin Poltava, marainiya ta ceci ran sarki ta hanyar gujewa wuta. Ba a san abin da zai faru da Rasha ba in da wannan kyakkyawar hanyar ba ta kasance ƙarƙashin sirrin Bitrus ba. An nuna alamun Lisette a gidan kayan tarihin dabbobi na St. Petersburg.
Brown doki
Kayan dawakai na dare, mai suna haka daga tsohuwar Icelandic "solr" - "laka, rawaya", yana da gashin ocher-zinariya, jela da goge na iya zama launin bambaro, madara, hayaki. Idanu - launin ruwan kasa ko amber.
Yanayin kayan daskararru ya faɗi a karni na 15 - zamanin mulkin Isabella na Castile, Sarauniyar Spain. Wannan masarautar ta samo sunan ta ne zuwa wata ƙaramar tufafi, wanda ke da alaƙa da jinsi ɗaya - isabella.
A cikin hoto, doki na kwat da wando na gishiri
Isabella kwat da wando mamaki da kyau da wayewa. Suna kawai da fatar launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi, kuma gashin kansu a jiki suna da sautin shampen mai daɗi. Ana kiran wannan kwat da wanan lokacin cream.
Amma launi na musamman na fata da tari ba shine kawai fa'idodin su ba, dawakai na kwat da wando na Isabella suna da idanuwa masu hudawa daga samaniyar bazara. Kadan sau da yawa, ana haifar da samfuran tare da idanu na emerald. Wannan rare launi na dawakai yana faruwa a Akhal-Teke (2.5%).
Isabella kwat da wando
Abin da launi ne na musamman launin toka launin toka, sauki tsammani. Mutane da yawa suna da tsari na musamman - da'ira masu haske a bango mai duhu - waɗannan "dawakai ne a cikin tuffa". Wannan launi ta al'ada ce ga mahaɗan Orlov.
Launin launin toka yana da halin canza launi a tsawon rayuwa. Baƙin baƙin fata zai iya narkewa zuwa launin toka mai haske cikin watanni shida. Kwalliyar doki mai sauƙi tsawon shekaru sai ya rikide ya zama fari fat.
Tare da sabon zubar da furfurar gashi, dabbar tana wanzuwa a jiki, amma fatar tana zama mai ruwan toka. Wannan launi ya yadu a tsakanin tsarkakan Larabawa. Idaya Orlov, don ƙirƙirar sanannen irin sa, sun sami irin wannan kariyar daga Sarkin Turkiya. Dawakin Larabawa mai launin toka Smetanka ya kafa harsashi don nau'in da ya zama alama ce ta kiwon dawakin Rasha.
Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, sarki Roman Caligula, wanda aka san shi da yanayin haɗuwa, yana da ƙaƙƙarfan haske Incitatus (mai saurin-ƙafa). Ya zama doki daya tilo da aka bashi kujerar sanata.
Gashin doki mai toka
Farar dokin kwat - almara. Wadannan ko dai an yi musu haske da launin toka tare da shekaru, ko kuma zabiya. Za'a iya haifar da ƙarshen daga kowane kwalliyar, kasancewar yanayin ɓacin rai wanda jiki baya samar da melanin.
Farin dawakai suna iya kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban. Yaya kyau suke a cikin hoton, kamar yadda suke da rauni da rauni a rayuwa. Ba su da haihuwa sau da yawa, kuma yawan mace-macen jarirai aƙalla 25%. Saboda wannan dalili ne cewa farin doki da gaske babban rake ne.
Wanda Napoleon Bonaparte ya fi so shi ne farin fararen mai suna Marengo. Ya yi tafiya mai nisa tare da babban kwamandan, har lokacin da Turawan Ingila suka kama shi a yakin Waterloo. Kamar mai mallakar sa, Marengo yana da halaye na musamman. Idan sarki yayi bacci na awanni 3 a rana, to Marengo na iya zuwa wani tsere, ba tare da rage gudu ba, kamar awanni 5 a jere.
Farin doki
Kyakkyawan ban sha'awa iri-iri launin toka - "launin toka a buckwheat". Yana bayyana kansa da shekaru: ƙananan raƙuman duhu sun bayyana a jikin doki mai launin toka mai ruwan toka. Samfurori tare da jan speck an kasafta su a matsayin "kifi".
Masu kiwon dokin gida, da sauransu, suna ba wani mai koyon dawakai masu launin toka - ermine. Baya ga inuwar gubar ta jiki, tana da duhu da duwawu.
Launin doki launin toka a buckwheat
Roan kwat na doki - sakamakon ƙarin gashi fari zuwa babban kwat da wando. Kai da ƙafafu ba su da haske a zahiri, suna riƙe asalin launi na asali a duk rayuwarsu. A cikin yaren Turkic "chal" - "launin toka". Masana Rasha sun rarrabe launin toka mai launin toka - wannan baƙar fata ce mai launin toka.
A cikin hoton, dokin roan
Kayan kwalliyar Savras galibi ana kiransa "daji." Dawakai na kyauta sukan zama wannan launi. Savraska na da launin jiki mai ɗanɗano mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da raɗaɗin duhu tare da tudu. Ofasan ƙafafu, nape da wutsiya sun fi manyan launi duhu.
A cikin harshen Rashanci akwai jumlar kama "don gudu kamar savraska". A cikin Rasha, an lura da irin waɗannan dawakai a matsayin masu wasa, masu saurin ƙafa da ƙarfi. Da yawa sun ga dokin Przewalski a gidan ajiyar namun dajin - mara kyau, tsugune mai doki mai launuka mai launuka masu duhu, goshi da jela. Wadannan dabbobin sun dace da bayanin Savrasa.
Kayan kwalliyar Savrasa
Shahararren almajiri savras - launin doki mai ruwan kasa, wanda jan-baki ya mamaye. Dawakan launi mai kama da linzamin kwamfuta suna da launuka masu launin toka tare da furannin launin ruwan kasa mai haske.
Kwat da wando na Cowray
Shin dawakan piebald whitish spots na wanda bai dace ba siffar, da ake kira pezhin, sun bazu cikin jiki. Suna iya zama manya-manya har yayi kama da farin doki mai duhu-duhu. Piebald ya kasance mai daraja ga kabilun Indiya, an ɗauke su masu farin ciki.
A cikin Turai, ana kiran dutsen da ake kira pebald "gypsy", "saniya" har ma da "plebeian", buƙatar su ba ta da yawa. Ba za a iya samun wannan launi a tsakanin masu kiwo ba, yana da kyau ga kwalliya da ƙwararrun ma'aikata masu wahala.
Piebald doki
Dawakan grey-piebald ba safai waɗanda ba a saba da su ba, tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai haske kamar dusar ƙanƙara wanda aka fantsama kan asalin azurfa. A Rasha, ana kiran irin waɗannan dawakai ain.
Grey-piebald doki
Sauran dawakai masu banbancin baya ne. Anan yanayi ya nishadantar da kansa har ya cika. Chubarai kwat da wando ya bambanta a cikin kananan tabo, ya bazu ko'ina cikin jiki. Launi na iya zama komai, kamar specks. An kuma cire sunan daga Turkic "chubar" - "mai tabo".
Hakanan akwai masu koyon aiki da yawa a nan: dusar ƙanƙara, damisa, tabo-mai-baƙar fata, chubaray a cikin ruwan sanyi. Yana da daraja a ambaci nau'in wanda kwalliyar kwalliya ta zama al'ada. Wannan ƙyallen maɓalli ne, baƙaƙen tabo ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu sun bayyana a kan farin fari. Me zaku iya fada, kuma akwai Dalmatians daga cikin dawakai!
A hoto, dokin goshin goshi
Karakul dokin kwat (ana kiran shi curly, curly), ana rarrabe shi da gashi mai yawa a cikin curls. Genetics abu ne mai ban sha'awa: a cikin waɗannan "raguna" curliness iya bayyana ba kawai a jiki, amma har a kan gashin ido, wutsiya da goge.
Dawakin Astrakhan suna da tawali'u, masu ladabi da abokantaka. Sun dace da karkara, wasan yara da kowane irin wasan kwaikwayo. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don hippotherapy. Theanshin dawakan "insulated", kamar tumaki. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan shahara guda biyu masu "fur":
- Transbaikal curly;
- Curasar Amurka.
Karakul dokin kwat
A taƙaice, Ina so in yi imani cewa yawancin sunaye masu ban mamaki yanzu suna da matukar fahimta, kuma kowa zai iya yin tunanin duka launin toka da marainiyar maraba. Dangane da shahararrun Sivka-burka, ana iya ɗauka cewa dokin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa-ja ja, sannan kuma - wanda ke da ɗan tunani.
Yanayi ya baiwa dawakai launuka iri-iri, kuma zaɓi na wucin gadi kawai ya jaddada kyawun waɗannan dabbobi. Kowane irin nau'in, kamar kwat da wando, yana da nasa masoyan.
Ba zaka gaji da mamakin arziki ba na launukan doki. Hotuna da taken irin wadannan halittun masu ni'ima basa barin kowa babu ruwanshi, saboda kamar yadda daya daga cikin masu fada aji yace: "" Babu wani abu da yafi kyau a duniya kamar doki mai tsalle, mace mai rawa da jirgi a karkashin tafiya ...
