Mixina babban tsutsa ne ko kuwa doguwar kifi?
Ba kowane halitta a duniya ake kira da "mafi kyawu." Invertebrate mixina tana ɗauke da wasu sunayen laƙabi marasa kyau: "slug eel", "worm sea" da "mayyar kifi". Bari muyi kokarin gano dalilin da yasa mazaunin karkashin ruwa ya same shi haka.
Kallo hoto mixin, don haka baza ku iya gayama wanene hakan yanzun nan: katuwar tsutsa, katantanwa mai tsayi ba tare da harsashi ba, ko kuma har yanzu wani nau'in kifi. Wannan dabba ta teku tayi kama da sabon abu.
Duk da haka, masana kimiyya sun riga sun yanke shawara. Sun danganta mixina da alakar da ke tsakanin tsutsotsi da kifi. An rarraba wannan halittar da ba a saba da ita azaman vertebrate, duk da cewa bata da kashin baya. Akwai kawai kwarangwal na kwanyar. Ajin Mixina ya fi sauƙi a ayyana, an rarraba halittar azaman cyclostome.
Fasali da mazaunin mixin
Dabba yana da sabon abu tsarin waje. Insungiyoyi, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da tsayin jiki na santimita 45-70. A wasu lokuta ba safai ba, sun fi tsayi. Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi rikodin tsawon santimita 127.
Hancin hancin mara batareda yana kawata kai. Tendrils suna girma kusa da bakin da wannan hancin hancin. Yawancin lokaci akwai 6-8 daga cikinsu. Waɗannan eriya suna ɗauke da sassan jikin dabba, sabanin idanuwa, waɗanda ke da girma da fata a cikin mayuka. Abubuwan da ke cikin mazaunan ƙarƙashin ruwa ba su da haɓaka.
Bakin myxine, ba kamar yawancin dabbobi da aka sani ba, yana buɗewa a sarari. A cikin bakin za ku iya ganin layuka biyu na haƙori da haƙori ɗaya wanda ba a gyara shi ba a yankin naɗin.
Masana kimiyya sun daɗe ba su fahimta yadda mixina yake numfashi... A sakamakon haka, ya zama hakan ta wata hancin hanci guda. Sashin jikinsu na numfashi shine gill, wanda ya kunshi faranti da yawa na cartilaginous.
A cikin hoton "mayya kifin"
Launi na "dodo mai teku" ya dogara sosai da mazaunin, mafi yawanci a cikin yanayi zaka iya samun launuka masu zuwa:
- ruwan hoda;
- launin toka-ja;
- launin ruwan kasa;
- Violet;
- kore mara dadi.
Wani fasali na musamman shine kasancewar ramuka waɗanda ke ɓoye maƙarƙashiya. Ana samun su galibi a gefen ƙasan jikin "mayu kifin". Wannan gabobi ne mai matukar mahimmanci ga dukkan masu hadewa, yana taimakawa farautar wasu dabbobi kuma baya zama ganima ga masu farautar su.
Na ciki tsarin myxineshima yana tada sha'awa. Mazaunin karkashin ruwa yana alfahari da kwakwalwa biyu da zuciya hudu. Additionalarin gabobi 3 suna cikin kai, wutsiya da hanta na "dodo". Haka kuma, jinin yana ratsa dukkan zukata huɗu. Idan ɗayansu ya faɗi, dabbar na iya ci gaba da rayuwa.
A cikin hoto, fasalin mixin
A cewar masana kimiyya, a cikin shekaru dubu ɗari uku da suka gabata, myxine kusan bai canza ba. Burbushin halittarta yana firgita mutane, kodayake irin waɗannan mazaunan ba sabon abu bane a da.
A ina zaku sami mixina? Ya juya, ba da nisa da gabar teku ba:
- Amirka ta Arewa;
- Turai;
- Greenland;
- Gabashin Greenland.
Wani masuntan Rasha zai iya saduwa da ita a cikin Tekun Barents. Atlantic mixine yana zaune a ƙasan Tekun Arewa da kuma yamma da Tekun Atlantika. Mazaunan karkashin ruwa sun fi son zurfin mita 100-500, amma wani lokacin ana iya samunsu a zurfin sama da kilomita.
Yanayi da salon myxina
A lokacin rana, mahaɗan sun fi son bacci. Suna binne ƙananan ɓangaren jiki a cikin sikari, suna barin ɓangaren kai kawai a farfajiyar. Da daddare, tsutsotsi na teku suna farauta.
Don zama daidai, ya kamata a san cewa yana da wuya a kira shi cikakken farauta. "Kifin mayu" kusan kullun sai yakai hari ga kifin mara lafiya da mara motsi. Misali, waɗanda ake kamawa a ƙugiyar sandar kamun kifi ko cikin ragar kamun kifi.
Idan wanda aka azabtar zai iya tsayayya har yanzu, "dodo mai teku" yana motsa shi. Hawan ƙarƙashin gills myxina tana fitar da laka... Gills din ya daina aiki kullum, kuma wanda aka azabtar ya mutu daga shaƙa.
A wannan halin, dabbar tana yawan ɓoyewa. Mutum ɗaya na iya cike bokitin gaba ɗaya cikin secondsan daƙiƙa kaɗan. Af, daidai saboda dabbobi suna fitar da ƙura mai yawa, ba su da sha'awar manyan dabbobi. "Slug eel" tare da laulayi yana tsalle daga bakin dabbobin teku.
Mixins na iya ɓoye kusan guga na dusar ƙanshi a cikin minti ɗaya.
Abubuwan hadawa da kansu basa matukar son kasancewa a cikin lakar su, don haka bayan hare-hare, suna kokarin kawar da shi da wuri-wuri kuma suna juyawa cikin kulli. Wannan tabbas shine dalilin da yasa juyin halitta bai sakawa mazaunan karkashin ruwa da sikeli ba.
Masana kimiyya sun kammala kwanan nan cewa mixin slime za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin magunguna. Gaskiyar ita ce tana da wani abu na musamman wanda yake taimakawa tsayar da zubar jini. Wataƙila a nan gaba, za a yi magani daga ƙashi.
Mixin abinci mai gina jiki
Domin kifin myxina yawancin rayuwarta a gindinta yake, to tana neman abincin rana a can. Mafi yawan lokuta, mazaunin karkashin ruwa yana haƙa cikin rami don neman tsutsotsi da ragowar kwayoyin daga sauran dabbobin ruwa. A cikin kifin da ya mutu, cyclostome ya shiga cikin gill ko bakinsa. Can sai ya kankare ragowar naman daga kasusuwa.
Bakin myxine a kwance yake ga jiki
Koyaya, mixins suna ciyarwa kuma mara lafiya da kifin lafiya. Gogaggen masunta sun san cewa idan "tarko" sun riga sun zaɓi wuri, to kamun ba zai kasance a wurin ba.
Ya fi sauƙi a sake sheƙa a sandunanku nan da nan kuma sami sabon wuri. Da fari dai, saboda, inda garken mahaɗin ɗari-ɗari na haɗaka suka yi farauta, babu abin da ya kama. Abu na biyu, mayya kifi na iya saci mutum.
A gefe guda, masu haɗin kansu suna da kyau a ci. Suna dandana kamar kifi. Koyaya, ba kowa bane ya gwada gwada tsutsar teku saboda kamanninta. Gaskiya ne, Jafananci, Taiwan da Koreans ba sa jin wannan. Lampreys da haɗuwa suna da kayan marmari. Ana daukar soyayyen mutane musamman masu daɗi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na myxina
Sake haifuwa ta wata hanya ta musamman ruwan teku mai hadewa... Don mata ɗari su haihu, namiji ɗaya ne ya isa. Haka kuma, yawancin jinsuna sune hermaphrodites. Sun zaɓi jinsin kansu idan maza basu da yawa a garken.
Kiwo yana faruwa gaba daga bakin teku a zurfin zurfin. Mace tana sanya daga manyan ƙwai 1 zuwa 30 (kowannensu kusan santimita 2) a sifa. Daga nan sai namiji ya ba su takin.
Ba kamar yawancin mazauna cikin ruwa ba, bayan haihuwa mixin tsutsa ba ya mutuwa, kodayake a lokacin ba ya cin komai. "Slug eel" ya bar zuriya sau da yawa a rayuwarta.
Wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da matakin tsutsa, wasu kuma sun gaskata cewa kawai ba ya daɗewa. A kowane hali, 'ya'yan da aka kyankyashe da hanzari suna kama da iyayensu.
Hakanan, ba shi yiwuwa a tantance tabbataccen tsawon rayuwar "mayyar kifin". Dangane da wasu bayanai, ana iya ɗauka cewa "mafi ƙarancin abin ƙyama" a cikin halitta yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10-15.
Mixins kansu suna da ƙarfi sosai. Suna iya zama ba tare da abinci ko ruwa na dogon lokaci ba, kuma suna rayuwa da mummunan rauni. Hakanan kuma sauƙaƙe an halicci haifuwa da tsutsotsi na ruwa kasancewar ba su da ribar kasuwanci.
Shin hakan a wasu kasashen gabashin ana kama su a matsayin abinci, kuma Amurkawa sun koyi yin "fata mai tsini" daga dabbobi.
