Fasali da mazaunin nematodes
Nematodes, wani suna - zagayen kwari, na cikin nau'in tsutsotsi na farko. Bambancinsu yana da kyau sosai A yanzu haka, an gano kusan nau'in miliyan na wannan tsutsa.
Dukkanansu an banbanta su cikin masu rayuwa kyauta da kuma masu cutar. Na al'ada ga kowa da kowa nematode shine tsari... Jikin nematodes da kansa yana kama da sandar sanda, taƙaita zuwa ƙarshen: gaba da na baya.
An kira su zagaye saboda sashin giciye yana haifar da da'irar. Jikin su yana lulluɓe a cikin wani yanki mai kauri, wanda a ƙarƙashin sa akwai tsokoki masu tsawo. Ana iya ganin wannan a sarari hoton nematode.
Babu tsarin jijiyoyin jini da na numfashi. Ana yin numfashi tare da dukkanin jirgin na jiki ko kuma a bayyane. Tsarin narkewar abinci bashi da rikitarwa kuma ya kunshi budewar baki da ta dubura, a tsakankanin da akwai madaidaicin bututu.
Kan yana da "bakin" wanda ke gewaye da leɓɓa. Ta hanyar sa, abinci mai gina jiki ke faruwa: ana tsotse abinci a ciki. Hakanan nau'ikan nau'ikan nematodes masu rayuwa kyauta sun sami idanu masu kyau, wanda ke da launukan launuka daban daban. Girman tsutsotsi masu girma a jiki daga matsakaita daga mm zuwa 37 cm.
A cikin hoton, tsarin nematode
Nematodes nuna kyakkyawan misali na ci gaban ilmin halitta. Yau suna zaune a duk yanayin. Farawa daga gishirin gishiri a cikin teku, sakamakon juyin halitta, sun cinye ruwa mai ɗaci, ƙasa, kuma yanzu zasu iya rayuwa da haifuwa a cikin kowace kwayar halitta da yawa.
Yanayi da salon nematodes
Kamar kowane m, nematode tsutsa, yana da saurin daidaitawa, yana da sauƙin rayuwa kuma yana haɓaka cikin sauri. Ana iya kiran shi "cikakken" m.
Yana zaune cikin kwayar mai gida, yana iya haifar da cututtuka daban-daban, amma ba mai saurin mutuwa ba. Nematode yana amfani da abincinsa da jikinsa tsawon rayuwa, kuma don kar ya haifar da ƙarin lahani, yana cire ƙwai daga kwayoyin "Jagora". Don haka, nemo matsakaici, da daidaitawa akan yanki mafi girma.
Don tsira, duk tsutsotsi aji nematode, yana da ƙarin karbuwa waɗanda aka karɓa sakamakon juyin halitta. Babban kwarinsa yana kariya daga aikin ruwan narkewa, mata suna da taki, gabobi na musamman don haɗuwa. Ana amfani da wasu nau'in nematode don kashe tsutsotsi “masu cutarwa”.
Nematode nau'in
Yan sharadi duka nematodes raba biyu irin: rayuwa mai rai da parasites. Na farkon yana rayuwa cikin ƙasa da ruwa, yayin da na biyun ke rayuwa akan tsirrai da ƙwayoyin dabbobi, kwari da mutane.
Nomatodes masu rayuwa asusu don mafi yawan nau'ikan halittar zagaye. Dukansu ƙanana ne a cikin girman, ƙattai sun kai cm 3 kawai. Suna iya rayuwa a cikin kowane ruwa, koda cikin ruwan inabi.
A yanayin yanayin zafi mara kyau, har ma da Pole ta Arewa. Yawancin nematodes da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa suna ba da fa'idodi babu shakka kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin samuwar ƙasa.
Aiwatar da su shine nematodes samu da a cikin akwatin kifaye... Su abinci ne mai kyau don soya. Sun girma ne da gangan ko kuma suna kiwo ne da kansu lokacin da suke wuce gona da iri ko kuma tarin tarin tarkace.
Paras na haifar da illa mara kyau ga aikin gona, dabbobi da mutane. Nematodes haifar da tsananin tsanani cututtuka... Zasu iya kwantar da hankalin su a kowane gabobi. Tsutsotsi sun bambanta a cikin mafi girma masu girma dabam. Misali, sperm whale nematode na iya zama tsayin mita 8.
Ciyar da nematodes
Nematodes masu rayuwa kyauta suna cin ƙananan algae, ƙwayoyin cuta, tarkacen tsire-tsire. Ba su da yawa a cikin su. Da bakunansu, suna shan abincin kawai. Kwayoyin cututtukan da ke rayuwa akan shuke-shuke da kansu suna da salo na musamman a bakinsu.
Namanatodes suna huda nama kuma suyi allurar ruwan narkewar abinci, sannan kuma su sha cikin abincin. Wannan shi ake kira narkewar hanji. Nematodes a jikin mai gida suna wanzuwa ne saboda sinadaran gina jiki da yake samarwa. Menene nematodes kawai amfani dashi don ci gaban su da ci gaban su.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar nematodes
Asali duk nau'in nematodes namiji. Maza sun fi mata girma a cikin girma, kuma ƙarshen na baya yana ɗan lankwasawa zuwa gefe. Sake haifuwa yana faruwa ta hanyar jima'i. Wasu jinsunan mata, lokacin da suke shirin saduwa, suna bada wani wari mai karfi wanda namiji yake ji.
Kuma sannan yana rufe mace da jaka mai jego, sannan gabatarwar maniyyi a cikin farji. Yawancinsu suna yin ƙwai don haihuwa, amma kuma akwai nau'ikan tsutsotsi waɗanda ake ɓoyewa ta hanyar haihuwar da rai. Nematodes masu rayuwa kyauta suna sanya daga ƙwai 100 zuwa 2,000 a rayuwa. Kwayoyin cuta masu saurin yaduwa kuma wannan darajar zata iya kaiwa 200,000 a rana daya kawai.
Neman hoto a cikin kifi
Qwai suna shiga cikin muhallin waje, sannan ci gaban larvae ya fara. A cikin rayuwa mai rai da nematodes na inganta tsire-tsire, dukkanin cigaban cigaban larvae suna faruwa a cikin yanayi ɗaya.
Shin nematode parasites Tsarin dabbobi da mutane ya fi rikitarwa. Zai iya faruwa tareda ko ba tare da matsakaiciyar “masauki” ba. A kowane hali, suna narkar da sau 3-4 har sai sun girma zuwa ƙirar girma, suna shirye su hayayyafa. Amma don nasarar matakin ƙarshe, dole ne ya kasance a cikin jikin mai masaukin.
Farkon tsarin rayuwa na nematode yana farawa a cikin hanji, bayan takin mace. Yana sauka cikin dubura, inda yake saka kwai a cikin dubura. Bayan haka, ta mutu. Qwai da kansu sun girma na kimanin awa 6 a karkashin kyakkyawan yanayi.
Ta hanyar hannaye masu datti, sun sake shiga cikin hanyar hanji, sake kamuwa da cuta. Juyawa cikin larva, bayan makonni 2 sun zama balagaggun mutane.
Dogaro da nau'in nematodes, ana rarrabe ƙididdiga masu zuwa na tsarin rayuwarsu:
- Qwai, nan da nan bayan mace ta sa su, na iya kamuwa idan sun shiga jikin dabbar.
- Qwai, wanda amfrayo dole ne ya shiga cikin ƙarin mataki, bayan haka yana iya kamuwa da "mai masaukin".
- Qwai wanda tsutsa a ciki yake girma kuma ya fita daga cikin ƙasa, bayan haka sai ya shiga jiki. A matsakaici, rayuwar kowane nematode yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni 2-3.
Kwayar cututtuka da magani don nematodes
Fiye da iri 50 nematode - parasites na iya kirawo cututtuka a cikin mutane. Yaushe nematodes hallara a jikin mutum, sannan da farko dai yankuna masu narkewa suna wahala.
Zai iya zama lahani ga ganuwar hanji da toshewar ƙwarjin bile, wanda aka bayyana ta ɗakunan majina, zafi a cikin cibiya ko mara, tashin zuciya da amai.
Bugu da ari, nematodes, shiga cikin jini, yin ƙaura a cikin jikin ɗan adam, suna da ikon kamuwa da kowane ɗayan gabobinsa. Sabili da haka, alamun cutar na iya zama azaman ƙarancin numfashi da conjunctivitis, da ciwon tsoka. Ci gaban wani abu na gaba ɗaya jiki ma halayya ne: rashes na rashin lafiyan jiki, ƙaiƙayi, rage garkuwar jiki, jin rauni da ciwan ciki a koyaushe.
Jiyya daga nematode aiwatarwa tare da ƙwayoyi ko maganin oxygen. Magungunan yawanci suna da guba, don haka likita ya ba da umarnin su. Tare da maganin oxygen, ana yin allurar oxygen a cikin hanjin, kuma nematodes sun mutu ba tare da magani ba.
Dabbobin gidan mu ma suna iya kamuwa da cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtukan mahaifa.A cikin kuliyoyi alamun kamuwa da cuta nematodes wadannan su ne: yawan tsukewa da tari mai danshi; alternating gudawa da maƙarƙashiya; halayen fata da ci.
A cikin karnuka shi ne: amai, takamaiman zazzaɓin ƙwayar mucous; ƙara yawan ci; cizon wutsiya; kasala da rashin kulawa. Lokacin da wadannan alamun suka bayyana, ya zama dole a dauki dabba ga likitan dabbobi, inda zai rubuta magani.
