Fasali da mazaunin walrus
Wanda ke zaune a cikin mummunan yanayi na Arctic, walrus ya zama sananne a cikin gida, saboda yawancin lokacin da yake ciyarwa a cikin ruwan sanyi yana samun abincin kansa. Domin rayuwa a cikin irin wannan mawuyacin hali, dole ne wannan dabbar ta sami wadataccen makamashi.
Kuma yana da waɗannan albarkatun: walruses dabbobin teku tare da girma mai girma - tsawon namiji baligi zai iya kaiwa mita 5, kuma nauyin ya kai tan 1.5, yayin da mata suka ɗan yi kaɗan - tsayin ya kai mita 3, kuma nauyin ya kai 800 - 900 kilogiram.
Wani fasalin da yake kama yayin kallo hoton walrus na dabbobi ban da girmansa, waɗannan su ne manyan ɓoyayyun ɓarna waɗanda ta mallaka.
Daga ƙaramin kai, dangane da jiki, hauren giwa biyu masu ƙarfi sun fito ƙasa, wanda zai iya kaiwa 80 cm, dabbar tana buƙatar su ba kawai don kariya ba, galibi rigima tana faruwa tsakanin maza da faɗa, amma kuma don samun abinci daga ƙasa. Hakanan, tare da taimakon su, walrus na iya hawa kankara kankara.
Launin kitse na wannan dabba kusan 15 cm, kuma yawan kitsen daga nauyin jikin duka ya kai 25%. Walrus dabba ce mai shayarwa kuma mai jini-dumi ne, don haka idan ya dade a cikin ruwa, jinin yana fita daga saman fatar, kuma jikinsa ya zama haske.
Bayan haka, lokacin da walrus ya hau saman, jinin zai ruga zuwa saman saman fatar, kuma jiki ya dawo da launin ruwan kasa na baya. Matasan mutane suna da ƙaramin murfin ulu, wanda ya ɓace yayin da suke girma.
Waltus dabbobi ne na Arctic - suna rayuwa tare da dukkanin bakin tekun Arctic da kuma tsibirai da ke kusa da su. Jama'ar su kuma suna zaune a cikin Greenland, a kan tsibirin Spitsbergen, a cikin Bahar Maliya, Iceland.
A lokacin bazara, yawan walliya sun taru a cikin Bristol Bay, amma yanayin da yafi dacewa a gare su shine a cikin Kogin Bothforth a Alaska, amma tunda walruses dabbobi ne masu ƙaura, ana iya samun su a gabar arewacin gabashin Siberia.
Yanayi da salon walrus
Dabbar Walrus a dabi'ance ba masu tashin hankali ba, suna taruwa ne a rukuni-rukuni na mutane 20-30, kuma kawai a lokacin kiwo ne mazan da suka fi girma suka bayyana a cikin garken, waɗanda ke ɗaukar babban matsayi.
A kan rookeries, wanda zai iya shirya dabbobin arewa walruses, mutane dubu da yawa sun hallara. Yayin hutu, mata suna kula da jarirai, maza suna daidaita abubuwa.
Waɗannan dabbobin da suke kan iyakar rookery suna yin aikin 'yan sanda, suna lura da wata barazana daga nesa, suna sanar da' yan uwansu game da haɗarin da ke tafe da babbar murya. Jin siginar ƙararrawa, garken garken ya yi sauri zuwa cikin ruwa, tare da murkushewa mai ƙarfi, thean ƙanana na iya wahala, don haka mata ke rufe su da jikinsu.
Saurari muryar walrus
Hanya ɗaya don ciyar da beyar polar ita ce dabbobi walrus, hatimi da sauran mazauna arewa. Beyar ta koma wurin farautar goro a cikin wasu lokuta, tunda a cikin ruwa ba za ta iya jurewa da ita ba, kuma a kan ƙasa, dabbobin da suka raunana ko 'ya'yan da suka mutu a cikin ɓarna sun zama ganima.
A cikin hoton mulkin mallaka ne na walruses
Beyar ba za ta yi tsayayya da lafiyayyen mutum ba; a gare shi akwai mafi sauƙin ganima a tsakanin hatimai, hatimi. A cikin ruwa, masu adawa da walda kawai sune whale masu kashewa, sun fi walimar girma kuma suna da hakora masu kaifi. Gudu daga kifayen kifayen da ke kashewa, walruses dole su hau kan ƙasa.
Walrus abinci mai gina jiki
Tunda walrus yana rayuwa a cikin ruwan gabar teku, a can ya sami abinci wa kansa, yana iyo har zuwa zurfin 50 m., Kuma yana da ikon iya nutsuwa zuwa mita 80. Yawancin abincinsa sun ƙunshi mollusks, crustaceans da tsutsotsi.
Tare da manyan bakinsa, yana huda gemunsa a gindin, ta haka yana daga bawon mollusks, sannan yana shafa su da silinda yake raba bawo daga "ciko", guntun gutsunan sun fi nauyi kuma sun nitse zuwa kasa.
Don isa, walrus yana buƙatar kilogiram 50 na kifin kifi a rana, ba ya son kifi, kuma ya koma wurinsa idan babu sauran abinci. Manyan maza mafi girma suna iya farautar hatimai, hatimai, narwhals - ana ɗaukarsu masu haɗari masu haɗari kuma suna iya afkawa mutane. Da ɗanɗanar naman, walrus zai ci gaba da neman shi, mutanen arewa suna kiran irin wannan - kelyuchas.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Sake haifuwa walruses na Red Book na Rasha ba ya faruwa sau da yawa, shekarun balaga na faruwa ne shekara 6. Mating yana faruwa ne daga watan Afrilu zuwa Mayu, a lokacin ne maza ke yakar mace.
Mace takan haihu sau daya, aƙalla biyu, wannan na iya faruwa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 4. Ciki yana ɗauke da kwanaki har zuwa kwanaki 360, jariri yana da nauyin kilo 30 kuma yana shayar da madarar uwa har zuwa shekara 1.
Mace tana kiyaye zuriyar har zuwa shekaru 3, har sai sun fara girma haƙoran canine wanda da kansu zasu iya samun abincinsu. A shekara 2, zai iya cin abinci iri-iri, amma kuma ya ci gaba da shan madarar mahaifiyarsa. Tsawon rayuwa Arctic dabbobi walruses yana da shekaru 30, wanda shekaru 20 suka girma. An san matsakaicin shekaru - shekaru 35.
Yawan dukkanin walruses a doron duniya dubu 250 ne kawai, kuma jinsunan Laptenev, waɗanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja, suna da mutane dubu 20 ne kawai. Wannan halin ya zama mai yiwuwa ne saboda farautar kasuwanci.
Yawanci ana farautar su ne daga hammatarsu, daga abin da ake yin makamin makami da kere-kere iri-iri. Mutanen karkara sun yi amfani da fata da nama. A halin yanzu, an haramta farautar kasuwanci da kamun kifi a duk duniya, sai wadanda suka tsufa wadanda hanya ce ta rayuwa ce za a ba su izinin.
A cikin hoto, walrus tare da cub
Waɗannan sun haɗa da Chukchi, Eskimos, da sauransu, suna cin naman walrus, suna amfani da kitse don haskakawa, ƙuƙumma don ayyukan hannu a matsayin ɓangaren tatsuniya. Sauyin yanayi na duniya ya kuma yi tasiri a kan yawan walrus, saboda ɗumamar yanayi, kaurin dusar kankara, inda masu walda ke shirya abubuwan rowan nasu, ya ragu.
Pack ice ne wanda aka sarrafa shi da dusar kankara wacce ta shude tsawon shekaru biyu daskarewa. Sakamakon narkewar wannan kankara, tazarar da ke tsakanin "wurin hutawa" da wurin neman abinci ya karu, don haka 'ya'yan da za su yi jira na tsawon lokaci ga iyayensu mata, wanda daga baya ya rage aikin haihuwarsu.
Akwai tabbaci game da wannan - a bakin tekun da ke kusa da San Francisco, an sami ragowar wata walrus, shekarunsu kusan shekaru dubu 30 ne, wannan yana nuna cewa a baya an rarraba su zuwa kudu.
