Fasali da mazauninsu
Alfadari - dabbar gida ce wacce ta zama sirdi na doki da jaki. Farkon ambaton asalin dabbar ya faro ne daga 480 BC, lokacin da Herodotus ya bayyana mamayewar Sarki Xerxes zuwa Girka.
A cikin 1938, akwai mutane kusan miliyan 15 a duk duniya. Alfadarin ya fi kama da mara a jiki, amma kansa ya yi kama da na jaki. Daga doki, alfadari ya gaji ikon motsawa da sauri, daga jaki - juriya da aiki. Babban alfadari ya kai nauyin 600 kg. a tsawo har zuwa 160 cm.
Dogaro da ilimin halittar jiki da halayen mutum, ƙarfin jan alfadari zai iya zuwa rubu'in nauyinsa. Duk da kusancin dangantakar alfadari da hinnies (gicciye tsakanin doki da jaki), ya kamata a bambanta su da juna. Hoton alfadari yayi kama da dawakai na yau da kullun, amma a zahiri wannan ba gaskiya bane.
Kai da ƙananan gabobin alfadari yawanci suna kama da na jaki, kuma gashi da motsin suna kama da na doki. Launin alfadarin galibi galibin launi ne na marainiya. A aikace, wannan dabbar gidan na iya zama ta kowane launi ban da dokin doki. Suna yin sautuka kamar tuno da kukan dawakai da doki.
Saboda halayen saurin, alfadarai suna shiga cikin tsere. Alkalai ba su da ƙarfin jiki kawai, amma kuma suna da ƙoshin lafiya. Rashin rigakafin su yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka daban-daban, don haka wasu mutane na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 60. Al'ada ce a rarrabe alfadarai cikin shirya da alfadarai.
Hoto shi ne almara mai ɗamara
Kayan doki alfadari Dabba ce sakamakon ƙetare ƙirar maraƙi mai nauyi da babban jaki. Irin wannan samfurin na iya auna nauyi zuwa 600-700 kilogiram, yana da jiki mai faɗi da ƙwanƙwasa ƙafafu da ƙarfi.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Alfadarin ya karɓi halayen kirki daga magabacinsa. Taurin jaki ba dabi'arsa ba ce, akasin haka, alfadari dabba ce mai hankali wacce ba ta jure wa zalunci. Baya buƙatar kulawa akai akai da ciyarwa.
Dangane da yawan kuɗin kiyayewa / ƙimar aikin da aka yi, yana da mafi fa'ida a sayi alfadari. Dabbar tana da ƙananan lahani, wanda shine rashin iya shawo kan manyan matsaloli, amma ana biyan wannan ta hanyar ƙwarewa da juriya da yawa.
Hoto ne alfadarin fakiti
Waɗannan halayen sun daɗe suna da daraja a cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu aiki tuƙuru, saboda haka, har ma a cikin Tsakiyar Zamani, manyan mutane da malamai sun kasance suna hawarsu. Daga baya, alfadarai suka fara yin kiwo a cikin kasashen Latin Amurka: mutanen Meziko sun yi amfani da su don jigilar kayayyaki, Mutanen Spain - don yin aiki a gonaki.
A lokacin yakin, ana amfani dasu sosai wajen jigilar kwanson atilare, masu rauni da kayan abinci. Noma alfadarai ya zama ruwan dare a cikin yawancin ƙasashe a Turai da Asiya tun zamanin da. A lokacin lokacin jari hujja, sannu a hankali an fara shigo dasu zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Arewacin Afirka.
A yankin sararin bayan Soviet, noman alfadari ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙasashen Transcaucasian - Armenia, Azerbaijan da Georgia, da kuma yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ana amfani da alfadarai don aikin gona. Suna samun tushe a cikin tsaunuka da tsaunuka na yankin subtropical.
Shirya alfadari tare da nauyin kilogram 150, awa daya zata iya daukar kilomita 4-5. Sun fara aiki akai-akai daga shekara 3. Shekara guda bayan haka, alfadarin ya riga ya iya yin tsayayya da aiki na jiki.
Abinci
Alfadarin dabba ne, wanda ba shi da kyau a cikin abinci - abincin sa na iya ƙunsar nau'ikan abinci masu arha. Aikin duniya ya nuna cewa kula da alfadari, gami da kuɗin ciyar da shi, yana da alaƙa da ƙananan kuɗi fiye da kwatankwacin kuɗin kula da dawakai.
Koyaya, ba a tabbatar dashi ba ko suna shan abinci mafi kyau fiye da dawakai, kuma ko dawowar su akan raka'a ta abinci tafi girma. Don ci gaban tsoka, abincin alfadari ya zama mai wadatar abinci mai gina jiki.
Zai iya zama bran, wake wake. Alfadarin ba zai raina kayan lambu ba - ana iya ciyar da su lafiya tare da karas ko ganye. A sakamakon gaskiyar cewa alfadarin cakude ne na nau'in dabbobi, wanda abincinsa ya kunshi yawanci na hay, babban rabo a cikin abincinsa busasshiyar ciyawa ce.
Abincin sa na yau da kullun ya kunshi kilo 6-7 na ciyawa da kilogiram 3 na nitsuwa. Idan babu wadataccen abinci, ana iya maye gurbinsa da dankali ko wasu amfanin gona. Abincin Madara ya kamata ya ƙunshi kilogram 6 na kyakkyawan ciyawar ciyawa. Tare da shekaru, ƙimar tana ƙaruwa, ana shigar da abinci cikin abinci a hankali.
Abincin yau da kullun na alfadarin shekara daya da rabi ya ƙunshi kilogiram 10 na ciyawa da kilogiram 3-4 na haɗi. Ga yara ‘yan shekara biyu, yawan ciyawar yau da kullun ya karu zuwa kilogram 12, ana kara hatsi a cikin abincin.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Alfadarai ba za su iya samun zuriya ba. Wannan sakamakon bambance bambancen kwayoyin halittu ne tsakanin dawakai da jakuna: babban marainiya ya kunshi chromosomes 64, yayin da jaki ke da chromosomes 62. Kodayake tarihi ya san lokuta lokacin da alfadarin ya ba da zuriya.
A shekara 2 da haihuwa, ana jifar alfadarai maza. Dokokin kula da sabbin dabbobin da aka haifa sun yi kama da hanyoyin kula da jarirai. Mulata sunfi dabbobi zafi, saboda haka suna da saurin yanayin sanyi.
A lokacin hunturu, suna buƙatar kiyaye su a ɗakuna masu dumi da jin daɗi, suna ba da awanni 3-4 don yawo. Don waɗannan dalilan, barga, sito ko kuma matattarar inshora ta dace. A lokutan dumi, ana ba da shawarar a kiyaye dummy a cikin makiyaya muddin zai yiwu.
Ya kamata tarbiyyarsu da tarbiyyarsu su kasance tun suna ƙuruciya, tunda kowane alfadari yana da halin taurin kai. Ya kamata a yi yayewar alfadarai a lokacin da suka kai watanni 6, kuma a yankunan kudanci tare da dogon lokacin kiwo - ba kafin watanni 8 ba. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, daidaikun mutane na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 60, amma matsakaicin rayuwa na alfadarai kusan shekaru 40 ne.
