Fasali da mazaunin Ternek
Ana kiran Tenrecs da bushin bishiyoyi. Dalilin wannan shine kamanceceniyar waje tsakanin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, waɗanda a baya aka danganta su ga iyalin bushiya. Amma dangane da binciken kwayar halittar zamani, tenrecs a yau al'ada ce ta sanya shi a matsayin ƙungiyar Afrosoricides mai zaman kanta.
Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa kakannin waɗannan dabbobi, har ma a lokacin Cretaceous, sun rayu ne a keɓe a tsibirin Madagascar, kuma tun daga wancan zamanin suke sannu a hankali suka rikide zuwa sifofin rayuwa tare da keɓance na musamman.
Tenrecs na gargajiya ne masu tsari kuma sun bambanta a cikin sifa; sun kasu kashi-kashi 12 da nau'ikan 30. A cikin su akwai ruwa-ruwa, burrowing, arboreal, wanda a ilimin su na ilmin lissafi ya yi kama da kakannin magabata, da na duniya.
A cikin hoton, mai taguwar bushiya bushiya
A cikin bayyanar da girman, wasu tenrecs sun yi kama da ba kawai ga shinge ba, har ma da shrews da moles. Wasu kuma suna kama da wadatar Amurkawa da sihiri. Wasu daga cikinsu, misali, taguwar fareti, tare da wani sabon abu mai ban mamaki, su wani abu ne mai kama da matasan otter, shrew da bushiya, waɗanda aka zana cikin launuka daban-daban.
Yatsi rawaya yana gudana tare da hancin waɗannan dabbobin, kuma an lulluɓe jikin da cakuda allurai, ƙugu da ulu, waɗanda musamman ke cika surar jikinsu, suna ba bayyanar wani asali na asali. Paafafun irin waɗannan dabbobi suna da ƙafafu masu kaifi.
Tsawon jikin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ya fara daga kanana kaɗan (4 cm) zuwa kyakkyawa (kimanin 60 cm), wanda ya sake magana akan nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan ɓarna. Kamar yadda aka gani akan hoto tenrecs, kawunansu dogo ne, kwanyar kunkuntar kuma doguwa ce, bakin bakin yana da proboscis mai motsi. Duk jikin an rufe shi da allurai ko taurin gashin kai, a cikin wasu nau'in - fur na yau da kullun.
A cikin hoto, tenrec talakawa
Wutsiyar na iya zama tsawon 1 zuwa 22 cm, kuma ƙafafun gaba yawanci sun fi ƙasa da na baya. Wadannan dabbobin sune asalin mazaunan tsibirin Madagascar. Common tenrec - babban wakili na wannan rukunin, wanda ya kai nauyin kilogram kuma yana da halin rashin jela, an kuma kawo shi Mascarenskie.
Seychelles da Comoros. Kodayake ba kasafai ake samun irin wadannan dabbobin ba a Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka. Tenrecs sun fi son zama a yankuna masu dausayi, dazuzzuka, da tuddai da kuma gandun daji masu dausayi.
Wani fasali mai kayatarwa na ilimin halittar jikin dabbobi shine dogaro da yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin yanayi da yanayin muhalli. Canjin yanayin waɗannan tsoffin halittun ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. Ba su da tabin mahaifa, amma cloaca yana shiga cikin tsarin jikinsu. Kuma wasu nau'in suna da miyau mai dafi.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar Ternek
Tenrecs masu jin tsoro ne, masu tsoro da jinkiri. Sun fi son duhu kuma suna aiki ne kawai da yamma da dare. Da rana, suna ɓoyewa a cikin mafakarsu, waɗanda waɗannan dabbobin suka samo wa kansu ƙarƙashin duwatsu, a cikin rami na busassun bishiyoyi da ramuka.
Gidan shakatawa na yau da kullun na yau da kullun lokacin rani, wanda ke ci gaba da zama a mazauninsa daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. 'Yan asalin kasar Madagascar a al'adance suna cin nau'ikan manya da yawa bushiya, tenrecs talakawa ciki har da. Kuma jita-jita da aka yi daga waɗannan dabbobin suna da kyau sosai.
Da yawa ne yasa wasu masu gadin gidan abinci ke ci gaba da baje kolin tenrec a cikin akwakun, suna amfani da su don shirya abinci mai daɗi kamar yadda ake buƙata. Yankunan da aka yi daga tsokoki na busassun bishiyoyi sun shahara sosai. Abokan gaba na tarkacen duwatsu sau da yawa sukan zama wakilan fauna na tsibirin Madagascar, irin su mongoses da fossas - manyan masoya cin naman dabbobi.
Don kare kanta daga masu farauta, wannan nau'in bishiyoyin bishiya yana amfani da makaminsa na asali - allurar dake kan kai da gefunan halittu, wanda suke harbawa a hannu da hancin makiyin, bayan sun dauki matsaya ta musamman a baya da kuma sanya karfin murdawar jijiyoyi.
Abubuwan buƙatun ma suna amfani da waɗannan dabbobin na asali don sauya bayanai masu amfani ga juna. Irin waɗannan kayan aikin na musamman suna da damar fitar da sauti na musamman na wasu sautuna yayin shafawa, kuma sauƙin karɓar sigina daga dangi.
Don sadarwa, Terneks kuma yana amfani da harsuna suna tafawa. Waɗannan sautunan, waɗanda ba kunnen ɗan adam ya hango ba, suna ba da busassun shinge don karɓar bayani game da duniyar da ke kewaye da su, suna amfani da shi don amincinsu da motsi cikin duhu.
Tenrec masu raɗaɗi, ba kamar sauran dangin su ba, dabbobi ne na zamantakewar al'umma, suna haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi. Ofungiyar 'yan uwan juna suna rayuwa kamar iyali ɗaya, a cikin kabarin da aka tanada da su, wanda yawanci yake haƙo kusa da tushen danshi mai dacewa.
Halittu ne masu tsabta kuma masu hankali. Suna rufe ƙofar mazauninsu da ganye, kuma don buƙatun ƙasa suna zuwa kawai wuraren da aka keɓe musamman a waje da gidan jama'a.
A lokutan sanyi, wadanda ke zuwa a watan Mayu, masu taguwar tenrecs hibernate, amma kawai a cikin hunturu mai tsanani, kuma suna ci gaba da aiki sauran lokutan, amma rage yanayin zafin jiki zuwa yanayin yanayi, wanda ke taimaka musu kiyaye makamashi. Suna cikin wannan jihar har zuwa Oktoba.
Ternek abinci mai gina jiki
Yawancin jinsunan bishiyun bishiyun suna cin abincin tsire, galibi 'ya'yan bishiyoyi da shrubs. Amma akwai keɓaɓɓu ga wannan doka. Misali, gidan tenrec na yau da kullun shine mai farauta, yana cinye nau'ikan nau'ikan invertebrates a matsayin abinci, da ƙananan dabbobi kamar kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyi.
Don neman abinci, waɗannan halittun, kamar aladu, suna tona ƙasa tare da ɓoyayyukansu a cikin ƙasa da ganyen da suka faɗi. A cikin gidajen gandun daji da gidan namun daji, waɗannan dabbobin baƙi yawanci ana ciyar dasu da fruitsa fruitsan itace, misali, ayaba, da dafaffun hatsi da ɗanyen nama.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na ternek
Lokacin saduwa don busassun bishiyoyi yana faruwa sau ɗaya kawai a shekara, kuma mace tana ciyar da ɗanta da madara nata, wanda jariran ke karɓa daga nono 29 na dabbar. Wannan adadi ne na rikodin dabbobi masu shayarwa.
A mafi yawan nau'ikan, kamar su taguwar busassun dabbobi, mating yana faruwa a lokacin bazara. Batun zuriyar dabbobi ya kan ɗauki tsawon watanni biyu, kuma bayan wannan lokacin san kuzari sun bayyana. Akwai jinsunan bishiyun bishiyoyi wadanda ba sanannu ba ne musamman ga haihuwarsu, yayin da wasu, akasin haka, suke kawo jarirai 25 a lokaci guda.
Kuma tenrec na yau da kullun, waɗanda aka rarrabe musamman ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce a cikin wannan lamarin, na iya samun ƙari da yawa (har zuwa ɗiya 32). Amma ba duka ba ne suka rayu cikin yanayi. Mace, lokacin da jariran suka girma, suna tsunduma cikin tarbiyyarsu, wanda ke jagorantar su zuwa neman abinci mai zaman kanta.
A lokaci guda, yara suna yin layi a layi kuma suna bin mahaifiyarsu. Shiga cikin gwagwarmaya mai wahalar rayuwa, mafi yawan jarirai suna mutuwa, kuma daga cikin ɗayan ɗayan, ba wanda ya wuce 15. Babbar hanyar kariya da aka baiwa jarirai ta ɗabi'a ita ce allura waɗanda ke tsirowa daga garesu ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa.
A lokacin haɗari, lokacin da suka firgita, suna iya fitar da buƙatu na musamman waɗanda mahaifiya ta kama, wanda ke ba ta damar nemowa da kuma kiyaye zuriyarta. Tenrec da aka zana ya kawo zuriyar dabbobi daga ɗiya 6 zuwa 8, wanda ke girma da haɓaka cikin sauri.
Kuma bayan makonni biyar su da kansu suna iya samun zuriya. Shekarun bushiyar bishiya gajere ne, kuma yawanci rayuwarsu daga 4 zuwa 5, har zuwa iyakar shekaru 10. Koyaya, a cikin zaman talala, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, suna da damar dawwama sosai: har zuwa ɗari da goma sha biyar.
