Fasali da mazaunin hatimi
Hatimin Dabba wanda aka samo a cikin tekunan da ke kwarara zuwa cikin Tekun Arctic, yana kiyaye galibi kusa da bakin teku, amma yana cinye mafi yawan lokaci a cikin ruwa.
Yana da al'ada don kiran wakilan kungiyoyin kunnuwa masu kunnuwa da na ainihi. A lokuta biyun, gabobin jikin dabbobi suna ƙarewa da walwala tare da manyan ƙusoshin da suka ci gaba sosai. Girman dabbobi masu shayarwa ya dogara da mallakar sa ga wasu nau'ikan jinsuna da rabe rabe. A matsakaita, tsawon jiki ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 6 m, nauyi - daga 100 kg zuwa 3.5 tan.
Jikin oblong yana kama da sandar a siffa, kanan an kankance shi a gaba, wuya mai kauri mara motsi, dabbar tana da hakora 26-36.
Auricles ba su nan - maimakon su, bawul din suna kan kai wanda ke kare kunnuwa daga shigar ruwa, ana samun irin wadannan bawuloli a cikin hancin hanun dabbobi masu shayarwa. A bakin bakin hanci a yankin hanci akwai dogon gashin baki - tactile vibrissae.
Lokacin tafiya a kan ƙasa, ana jan baya da baya, ba sa sassauƙa kuma ba za su iya zama tallafi ba. Matsakaicin kitsen dabo na dabba baligi na iya zama 25% na nauyin jiki duka.
Dogaro da nau'in, yawan layin gashi shima ya sha bamban, don haka, marine giwaye - hatimi, wanda kusan ba shi da shi, yayin da wasu nau'ikan ke alfahari da mummunan fur.
Launin kuma ya bambanta - daga launin ja-zuwa kasa zuwa ruwan toka, daga fili zuwa taguwar da hatimi mai digo... Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa hatimmai na iya yin kuka, kodayake basu da glandon lacrimal. Wasu nau'ikan suna da karamin wutsiya, wanda baya taka wata rawa a motsi a kasa da ruwa.
Yanayi da salon hatimi
Alamar hatimi a kan hoto kamar wata dabba ce mai saurin hankali da jinkiri, amma irin wannan ra'ayi za a iya ƙirƙira shi ne kawai idan ya kasance a ƙasa, inda motsi ya ƙunshi motsa jiki na ban dariya daga gefe zuwa gefe.
Hataccen hatimi
Idan ya zama dole, dabba mai shayarwa zai iya zuwa saurin kilomita 25 a cikin ruwa. Dangane da batun ruwa, wakilan wasu nau'ikan suma zakara ne - zurfin ruwa zai iya kaiwa 600 m.
Bugu da kari, hatimin zai iya zama a karkashin ruwa na tsawon mintuna 10 ba tare da isashshen iskar oxygen ba, saboda cewa akwai jakar iska a gefen da ke karkashin fata, wanda dabbar take ajiyar iskar oxygen.
Yin iyo a cikin neman abinci a ƙarƙashin manyan bishiyoyin kankara, hatimai tare da laulayi suna samun 'ya'yansu a ciki don sake cika wannan kayan. A wannan yanayin hatimin yana yin sauti, mai kama da dannawa, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin nau'in echolocation.
Saurari muryar hatimin
A karkashin ruwa, hatimin na iya yin wasu sautunan kuma. Misali, hatimin giwa yana buɗa buhun hancinsa don samar da sauti kwatankwacin rugugin giwar ƙasa. Wannan yana taimaka masa wajen korar abokan hamayya da abokan gaba.
Wakilan dukkan nau'ikan hatimai suna cinye mafi yawan rayuwarsu a cikin teku. An zaɓi su a ƙasa kawai a lokacin narkewa da haifuwa.
Abin mamaki ne cewa dabbobi ma suna bacci a cikin ruwa, ƙari ma, suna iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi biyu: juyawa a bayansa, hatimin yana tsayawa akan farfajiyar saboda kitsen mai mai ƙamshi da jinkirin jujjuyawar juji, ko kuma, suna bacci, dabbar tana nitsewa ƙasa da ruwa ('yan mituna), bayan fitowar sa, yakan dan sha iska sannan kuma ya sake faduwa, yana maimaita wadannan motsin a duk tsawon lokacin bacci.
Duk da wani irin yanayi na motsi, a duk wadannan biyun dabbar tana bacci bacci. Mutane sabbin haihuwa suna yin makonni 2-3 na farko a ƙasa, sannan, har yanzu basu san yadda ake iyo ba, suna sauka cikin ruwa don fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Hatimin zai iya kwana a cikin ruwa, yana mirginewa a bayansa
Wani baligi yana da tabo guda uku a gefunan, kitsen mai a kansa wanda bai kai na sauran jikin ba. Tare da taimakon waɗannan wurare, an sami hatimin daga zafin rana, yana ba da yawan zafin rana ta hanyar su.
Matasa ba su mallaki wannan ikon ba tukuna. Suna ba da zafi ga duka jiki, sabili da haka, lokacin da hatimin saurayi ya ɗora akan kankara na dogon lokaci ba tare da motsi ba, babban kududdufi yana ƙarƙashinsa.
Wasu lokuta wannan na iya zama ma na mutuwa, tunda lokacin da kankara ta narke sosai a ƙarƙashin hatimin, to ba zai iya fita daga can ba. A wannan halin, hatta mahaifiyar jaririn ba za ta iya taimaka masa ba.Baikal hatimi zama a cikin rufaffiyar kogin ruwa, wanda ba halayyar kowane nau'in.
Seal ciyar
Babban abinci ga dangin hatimi shine kifi. Dabbar ba ta da wani takamaiman abin da ta fi so - wacce irin kifayen da ta ci karo da su yayin farautar, zai kama wancan.
Tabbas, don kiyaye irin wannan ɗimbin yawa, dabbar tana buƙatar farautar manyan kifaye, musamman idan an same ta da yawa. A lokutan da makarantun kifi basa zuwa kusa da bankunan kamar girman tambarin, dabbar na iya bin ganima, hawa hawa koguna.
Don haka, dangi na hatimin hatimi a farkon bazara, tana ciyar da kifin da ke gangarowa zuwa tekuna tare da rafin koguna, sa'annan ya sauya zuwa capelin, wanda ke iyo zuwa gabar tekun don yabanya. Herring da kifin kifi sune masu zuwa a gaba kowace shekara.
Wato, a lokacin dumi, dabba tana cin kifi da yawa, wanda shi kansa yake kokarin zuwa gabar teku saboda wani dalili ko wani, abubuwa sun fi wahala a lokacin sanyi.
Yan uwan hatimi suna buƙatar ƙaura daga gaɓar teku, suna kusa da ragowar kankara na kankara kuma suna ciyar da pollock, molluscs da dorinar ruwa. Tabbas, idan wani kifi ya bayyana a cikin hanyar hatimin yayin farautar, ba zai yi iyo ba.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na hatimi
Ba tare da la'akari da nau'ikan ba, hatimi na samar da zuriya sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Wannan yakan faru ne a ƙarshen bazara. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna taruwa a cikin manyan rufunan hatimi akan farfajiyar kankara (ɓangaren duniya ko kuma, galibi, babban yawo a kankara).
Kowane irin wannan rookery na iya lambobi mutane da yawa. Yawancin ma'aurata masu aure ne guda ɗaya, amma, hatimin giwaye (ɗayan manyan tambura) alaƙar auren mata fiye da ɗaya ne.
Mace tana faruwa a cikin Janairu, bayan haka uwar tana ɗaukar watanni 9-11 hatimin jariri... Jariri nan da nan bayan haihuwa zai iya auna nauyin 20 ko ma kilogiram 30 tare da tsayin jikinsa na mita 1.
Sealan sandar kunnuwa
Na farko, uwa tana shayar da jariri da madara, kowace mace tana da nono guda 1 ko 2. Saboda shayarwa, hatimai suna samun nauyi da sauri - kowace rana zasu iya yin kilo 4. Jawo na jarirai yana da taushi sosai kuma galibi fari ne, kodayake farin hatimi yana samun launi mai ɗorewa na gaba a cikin makonni 2-3.
Da zaran lokacin ciyarwa tare da madara ya wuce, ma'ana, bayan wata guda bayan haihuwa (dangane da nau'in, daga kwana 5 zuwa 30), jariran suna sauka cikin ruwa sannan kuma su kula da abincinsu. Koyaya, da farko suna koyon farauta ne kawai, don haka suna rayuwa daga hannu zuwa baki, suna kiyaye kawai kan wadatar kitse da aka samu da madarar uwa.
Iyaye mata masu shayarwa iri daban-daban suna nuna hali daban. Don haka, hatimin kunnuwa galibi suna kusa da rookery, da mata garantin garayaKamar sauran nau'ikan, suna ƙaura daga bakin teku don nesa mai nisa don neman yawancin kifin.
Yarinya budurwa a shirye take don ci gaba da jinsi tun yana shekara 3, maza sun kai shekaru 6 da haihuwa. Tsawon rayuwar mai lafiya ya dogara da jinsi da jinsi. A kan matsakaita, mata na iya kai shekara 35, maza - 25.
