Chameleon dabba ce. Chameleon salon rayuwa da kuma mazauninsu

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Chameleon dabba ce wanda ke fitowa ba kawai don ikon canza launuka ba, har ma da ikon motsa idanuwan juna da juna. Ba wai kawai wadannan hujjojin sun sa shi ya zama mafi kadangare a duniya ba.

Fasalin hawainiya da mazauninsu

Akwai ra'ayi cewa sunan "hawainiya" ya fito ne daga yaren Greek kuma yana nufin "zaki na duniya". Yankin hawainiya shine Afirka, Madagascar, Indiya, Sri Lanka da Kudancin Turai.

Mafi yawanci ana samun su a cikin savannas da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, wasu suna rayuwa a cikin tsaunuka kuma ƙananan kaɗan suna zaune a yankuna masu tudu. A yau akwai kusan nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe guda 160. Fiye da 60 daga cikinsu suna zaune a Madagascar.

An gano ragowar tsofaffin hawainiya, wanda ya kai kimanin shekaru miliyan 26 a Turai. Tsawon tsaka-tsakin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya kai cm 30. Manyan mutane nau'in hawainiya Furcifer oustaleti ya girma zuwa cm 70. Brookesia micra tana girma ne kawai zuwa 15 mm.

An kawata kan hawainiya da dodo, kumburi ko tsayi da ƙahoni masu kaifi. Irin waɗannan sifofin suna cikin maza kawai. Ta hanyar bayyanarsa hawainiya kama kadangare, amma da gaske ba su da komai daidai.

A gefunan, hawainiyar hawainiyar tana da kyau sosai kamar dai yana cikin matsi. Kasancewar dutsen da aka zana da kuma kaifin baki yana sanya shi zama kamar ƙaramin dodo, wuyan kusan ba ya nan.

A kan dogayen kafafu da sirara akwai yatsu biyar, waɗanda suka haɗu wuri guda a cikin kishiyar juna zuwa juna tare da yatsu 2 da 3 kuma suna yin wani irin kambori. Kowane yatsa na da kaifin farce. Wannan yana bawa dabbar damar rikewa da motsawa ta saman bishiyoyi.

Wutsiyar hawainiya ta fi kauri, amma zuwa ƙarshen ya zama kunkuntar kuma zai iya juyawa cikin karkace. Wannan kuma shine kwayar halittar rarrafe. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan suna da gajeren jela.

Harshen dabbobi masu rarrafe ya fi na mutum ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu. Suna kama ganima tare da su. Fitar da harshensu da saurin walƙiya (daƙiƙu 0.07), hawainiya suka kame wanda aka azabtar, suna barin kusan babu damar samun ceto. Kunnuwan na waje da na tsakiya basa nan a cikin dabbobi, wanda hakan yasa suka zama kurma kusan. Amma, duk da haka, suna iya fahimtar sautuna a cikin kewayon 200-600 Hertz.

Wannan hasara ana biya ta kyakkyawan hangen nesa. Fatawar hawainiya hawainiya tana rufe idanu koyaushe, kamar ana haɗawa. Akwai ramuka na musamman ga yara. Idanun hagu da dama suna motsawa ba tare da daidaituwa ba, wanda ke ba ka damar ganin duk abin da ke kewaye da kai daga hangen nesa na digiri 360.

Kafin kai hari, dabbar tana mai da hankali akan idanunsa biyun. Ingancin gani yana sa a sami kwari a nesa na mita goma. Hawainai suna gani daidai cikin hasken ultraviolet. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fi aiki a wannan ɓangaren haske ɗin fiye da na al'ada.

Idon hawainiya a hoton

Musamman shahara hawainiya samu saboda ikon canzawa Launi... Akwai ra'ayi cewa ta canza launi ana canza dabba kamar yanayi, amma wannan ba daidai bane. Halin motsin rai (tsoro, jin yunwa, wasannin mathe, da sauransu), da kuma yanayin muhalli (zafi, zafin jiki, haske, da sauransu) abubuwa ne da suka shafi canjin launi na dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Canjin launi yana faruwa ne saboda chromatophores - ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da launuka masu dacewa. Wannan aikin yana ɗaukar mintina da yawa, banda haka, launi ba ya canzawa sosai.

Hali da salon rayuwar hawainiya

Hawainiya kusan suna rayuwarsu duka a rassan bishiyoyi. Suna sauka ne kawai a lokacin saduwa. A wannan saitin ne ya fi sauƙi hawainiya ta bi kanta don canzawa. Yana da wuya a motsa a ƙasa tare da ƙafafun farauta. Saboda haka, tafiyar su tana girgiza. Kasancewa da maki da yawa na tallafi, gami da wutsiyar da ke kamawa, zai ba dabbobi damar ji daɗi a cikin daskararrun.

Hawainiya suna aiki da rana. Suna motsa kaɗan. Sun fi son zama wuri ɗaya, suna haɗa reshen bishiya tare da jela da ƙafafunsu. Amma suna gudu da tsalle cikin sauri, idan ya cancanta. Tsuntsaye masu farauta da dabbobi masu shayarwa, manyan kadangaru da wasu nau'ikan macizai na iya zama haɗari ga hawainiya. A ganin abokin gaba, da rarrafe yakan kumbura kamar balan-balan, launinsa ya canza.

Yayin da yake numfashi, hawainiya ta fara rawar jiki tana ihu, tana kokarin tsoratar da abokan gaba. Yana iya ma cizo, amma tunda dabbar tana da rauni a hakora, baya haifar da munanan raunuka. Yanzu mutane da yawa suna da muradi sayi hawainiyar dabba... A gida, ana ajiye su a cikin terrarium.Hawainiya a matsayin dabbar gida ba zai haifar da matsala mai yawa ba idan kun ƙirƙira masa yanayi mai kyau. A kan wannan batun, ya fi kyau a tuntuɓi gwani.

Abinci

Abincin hawainiyar ya kunshi kwari iri-iri. Yayin kwanton bauna, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna zaune a kan reshen bishiyoyi na dogon lokaci, idanuwa kawai ke cikin motsawa koyaushe. Gaskiya ne, wani lokacin hawainiya kan iya hawa kan wanda aka azabtar a hankali. Kamawar kwarin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar fitar da harshe da kuma jawo wanda aka azabtar a cikin bakin.

Wannan na faruwa nan take, cikin dakika uku kacal za'a iya kama kwari. Hawainiya suna riƙe abinci tare da taimakon ƙarshen ƙarshen harshe, wanda yake aiki azaman tsotsa, da kuma ruwan da ke manne sosai. Manyan abubuwa an gyara su tare da motsi mai motsi a cikin harshen.

Ana amfani da ruwa daga matattarar ruwa. Tare da asarar danshi, idanun sun fara nitsewa, dabbobin suna kusan "bushe". A gida hawainiya ya fi son kwarkwata, kyankyasai na wurare masu zafi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganyen wasu tsire-tsire. Kada mu manta da ruwa.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Yawancin hawainiya suna da nauyi. Bayan hadi, mace ke daukar kwai na tsawon wata biyu. Don ɗan lokaci kafin saka ƙwai, mahaifiya mai ciki tana nuna tsananin damuwa da tashin hankali. Suna da launi mai haske kuma basa barin maza su kusance su.

Mahaifiyar mai ciki ta gangara ƙasa ta nemi wuri don haƙa rami ta yi ƙwai. Kowane nau'in yana da adadin ƙwai daban kuma yana iya zama daga 10 zuwa 60. Za a iya samun kusan kama uku a cikin shekara. Ci gaban tayi zai iya daukar ko'ina daga watanni biyar zuwa shekaru biyu (kuma ya danganta da jinsin).

Ana haihuwar jarirai masu zaman kansu kuma, da zarar sun kyankyashe, sai su ruga zuwa tsirrai don ɓoyewa daga abokan gaba. Idan namiji baya nan, mace na iya yin kwai mai "kiba", wanda samari ba zasu kyankyasar ba. Suna ɓacewa bayan fewan kwanaki.

Ka'idar haihuwar hawainiya mai rai ba ta da bambanci da ta masu oviparous. Bambancin shine cewa mace tana daukar ƙwai a cikin kanta har sai an haifi jariran. A wannan yanayin, har zuwa yara 20 na iya bayyana. Hawainiya ba ta tara ’ya’yansu.

Rayuwar hawainiya za ta iya kaiwa shekaru 9. Mata suna rayuwa mafi gajarta sosai domin lafiyar su ta lalace ta hanyar ciki. Farashin hawainiya Ba shi da tsayi sosai. Koyaya, rashin abin al'ajabin dabba, kyan gani da halaye na ban dariya na iya farantawa mafi soyuwa ga fauna.

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