Butteran malam buɗe ido - wakilai masu haske na babbar duniyar kwari. Ana kiransu sau da yawa "arewacin hummingbirds" ko sphinxes saboda girmansu da kuma hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta ciyarwa.
Akwai nau'o'in asu da yawa, kowane ɗayansu yana da nasa yanayin launi, tsari na musamman a saman fuka-fuki da bayansa. Don haka, giyar giya shaho malam buɗe ido na burgundy, kamar ruwan inabi mai duhu ja, kuma mataccen shaho yana da hoto a bayansa wanda yake kama da ainihin kwanyar.
Launin malam buɗe ido ya dogara da ciyawar da take rayuwa a kanta, a kan hanyar da take ciyarwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin Brazhniks suna da launi mai haske, ƙaƙƙarfan sifa mai ƙyalli a bango mai haske tare da manyan ɗigo a cikin manyan idanuwa a bayanta.
A cikin hoton, mai yin shaho ɗan mutu ne
Fasali da mazaunin kwari na shaho
Gwaran shaho babban girma ne, malam buɗe ido mai nauyi tare da iko, jiki mai kwalliya da faɗaɗa fukafukai, tsawonsa ya kai 35 - 175 mm. Antennae na duk Brazhniks suna da tsayi, suna ƙugye, tare da saman hanu.
Zagaye, idanun buɗe ido na malam buɗe ido an rufe su da girar ido daga sama. Proboscis yana da ƙarfi, sau da yawa ya fi jiki ƙarfi. Equippedafafu sanye take da layuka masu yawa na sandun ƙarfi. Cikin ciki na Hawk Moth an rufe shi da sikeli, wanda ya dace da ƙarshen a cikin tassel ko goga mai faɗi.
Fuka-fukan gaba na malam buɗe ido suna da girma, suna da tsaka mai tsaka, tare da gefen waje suna da santsi ko sassaka. Fuka-fukan baya sun fi kaɗan kaɗan, suna gangarowa zuwa gefen baya, kuma suna da ƙarami a ƙarshen.
Brazhnikov caterpillars ana iya samun shi a kan ganyen gwaiwa, Birch, Linden, alder, sau da yawa ƙananan kirji, apple, pear daga ƙarshen Yuni.Hotunan Brazhnik butterflies za a iya kyan gani a cikin wannan labarin, amma live butterflies suna da kyau sosai.
Yanayi da salon shaho
A cikin yanayi, yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan dillalai suna rayuwa. Dukansu suna rayuwa mai ma'ana a wasu lokuta na rana: wasu da rana, wasu da dare, wasu da yamma ko wayewar gari. Yawancin irin waɗannan nau'ikan kwari na shaho suna da ƙarancin gaske, an lasafta su a cikin Littafin Ja.
Hawk shaho yakan tashi da sauri sosai, a cikin jirgin yana kama da jirgin sama wanda yake tashi da halayyar ɗan hum. Yana faruwa ne saboda yawan fuka fuka-fukan sa, kwaron yana yin flaps 52 a dakika daya.
Da yawa nau'in Brazhniks kama da kananan tsuntsaye kamar Oleander shaho, Shugaban Mutuwa, Harshe gama gari da othainean Giya, suna yin tafiya mai nisa a jirgin sama daga nahiya zuwa nahiya ko daga wannan ƙarshen ƙasar zuwa wancan.
A cikin hoton wani shaho ne mai jiran gado
Hotunan malam buɗe ido koyaushe suna da haske kuma kyawawa. Hawk asu tare da tsawon fiffike na 32-42 mm, yana da fikafikan fifikon 64-82 mm. An fadada fuka-fukan gaban malam buɗe ido zuwa saman, suna da gefen da aka sassaka a ƙasan, kuma an zana su launin ruwan kasa mai launuka iri-iri masu duhu.
An yi wa bayan Hawk asu kwalliya da faffadan launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukan baya na gindin jikin malam buɗe ido jaja-ja ne; a kan wannan bango, manyan tololi suna bayyana waɗanda suke kama da baƙaƙen idanu tare da zoben shuɗi a ciki. Waswasin kwari mai laushi ne.
Shaho sigari yana zaune a yankuna masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, yana faruwa har zuwa jihohin arewacin Amurka. Ana ɗaukarsa kwaro na shukar taba, tunda wannan al'adar ita ce babban abincin kwari. A kan ciki, wannan kwari na shaho yana da tsari mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya ƙunshi kumburai huɗu na murabba'i ja da rawaya.
A hoto hoton shaho ne
Linden shaho yana da fikafikai 62 zuwa 80 mm. Gefen fikafikansa na gaba suna da ƙarfi. Launin fuka-fuki yana dusashewa daga koren zaitun zuwa ja. Dangane da wannan yanayin, manyan duwatsu biyu masu girma, marasa tsari, galibi suna haɗuwa da duhu.
Fuka-fukan baya suna orange ne tare da ratsi mai duhu. Caterpillar na wannan malam buɗe ido kore ne tare da raƙatattun raunuka ja a gefe; pupa ɗin baƙar fata yana yin hunturu a cikin ƙasa. Malam buɗe ido yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka na Turai da Yammacin Siberia, a cikin lambunan Asiya orarama da Caucasus. Yana tashi a hankali a farkon bazara, wani lokacin a farkon kaka kwari na biyu na iya bayyana.
Hawk asu na cin abinci
Mafi yawa daga cikin kersan kasuwar suna cin abincin nectar na fure, yayin da basa zama akan furen, amma suna rataye shi suna tsotse itacen tare da dogon proboscis. Wannan jirgi ana ɗaukar shi mafi wahala, yana da motsa jiki, ba duk kwari ne ke da shi ba, amma ba ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙazantar shuke-shuke.
Wasu masu yin shaho sun fi son cin zumar kudan zuma. Don haka Shugaban Butterfly Matattu a zahiri yana satar amya da daddare, yana shawagi a kansu kuma yana kwaikwayon ƙurar kudan zuma, ya ratsa cikin amsar, ya huda saƙar zumar tare da ɗankwalinta mai ƙarfi kuma ya tsotse zuma.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Butterflies na asu suna rayuwa na tsawon kwanaki, tsawon rayuwarsu ya dogara da ajiyar da jiki ya tara a matakin tsutsa. Dukkanin zagayen rayuwa kusan kwanaki 30-45 ne; a lokacin bazara, ƙwari biyu na ƙarni wasu lokuta ke girma.
Hawk asu ne kwari waɗanda ke da cikakken canji. Ya ƙunshi matakai 4: kwai, tsutsa (ko kwari), jan, malam buɗe ido - ƙwarin kwari. Pheromones, wanda kwayar mace ke boyewa, na taimakawa namiji samun wasu jinsinsa.
Jima'i na kwari yana ɗaukar daga minti 23 zuwa awanni da yawa, yayin da abokan suka kasance ba su da cikakken motsi. Sannan mace tana sanya kwayayen da suka hadu kusan nan da nan, a cikin kamawa akwai kusan 1000 daga cikinsu a cikin kama, ya danganta da nau'in.
Kuskuren Hawk
Qwai suna manne wa shuke-shuke a inda akwai isasshen abinci ga kwari. Hawk asu Caterpillars bayyana a ranar 2-4th. Suna aiki sosai, suna cinye isashshen oxygen da abinci, wanda ke basu damar girma da haɓaka cikin sauri.
Kwarin karnukan shaho an daidaita su sosai don rayuwa: wasu nau'ikan suna da launi mai haske, gashi mai kauri da tauri, wasu suna rufe launi zuwa muhalli, ingantaccen fasalin jiki, wasu suna fitar da wari mara dadi saboda tarin abubuwa masu guba a jiki.
Mafi yawansu suna ciyar da ganyen shuke-shuken da suka kyankyashe. A asu caterpillars ba ya kawo cuta da yawa ga gandun daji da kuma gidãjen Aljanna, saboda sun fi ci kawai matasa ganye. Suna aiki musamman da yamma da kuma dare.
Bayan da ya sami isasshen ƙarfi da abubuwan gina jiki, sai kwari ya kutsa cikin ƙasa kuma ya zama ɗan tsalle a can. Shin Hawk's pupae karamin ƙaho ya tashi a ƙasa, wanda kusan dukkanin jinsuna suna da.
Matakin dalibi ya kai kimanin kwanaki 18, a lokacin da babban canje-canje ke gudana - cikakkiyar sifar metamorphosis ta jiki, canjin mu'ujiza na tsutsar tsutsar Hawthorn zuwa kyakkyawar malam buɗe ido.
Kwarin da suka balaga sun 'yantar da kansu daga busassun kokon, ta baje fikafikanta ta bushe su. Bayan da ya sami damar iya tashi sama, malam buɗe ido nan da nan ya shiga neman mai son yin jima'i don kar a sami damar sake zagayowar rayuwar wannan halittar.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan Brazhniks suna cikin Littafin Bayanai na Baƙin Red na Rasha, haka kuma a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Yanki. Wadannan kwari suna lalata ciyawa da yawa kuma suna kawata duniyarmu kawai.
