Mustang ɗan asalin dawakan Spain ne ko na Iberiya waɗanda masu binciken Sifen suka kawo Amurka a ƙarni na 16.
Sunan ya fito ne daga kalmar Mutanen Espanya mustengo, wanda ke nufin "dabba mara mallaki" ko "ɓatacciyar doki". Mutane da yawa har yanzu suna tunanin cewa mustang kamar dawakai ne na daji, amma a zahiri, mustang ɗayan ɗayan dawakai ne masu kyawawan halaye masu nuna freedomanci da taurin kai wanda za a iya zama gida.
Mustang doki a hoto zaka iya ganin launuka iri-iri wannan nau'in yana da su. Kimanin rabin dawakai na daji suna da launin ja-ja-ja mai ruwan bakan gizo. Sauran launin toka ne, baƙi, fari, launin toka-mai launin toka mai launuka iri-iri. Launin da aka fi so na Indiyawa an hango shi ko sake kamanni.
Indiyawan, tabbas, sun nemi daidaitawa da Mustangs zuwa burin su, don haka suka tsunduma cikin haɓaka nau'in. Waɗannan dawakai suna cikin rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa, ƙungiyar manyan mahaifa daga dangin equidae. Dawakai suna iya kaiwa tsayi zuwa mita 1.6 kuma suna da nauyin kilogram 340.
Mustang fasali da mazauninsu
Dawakan daji suna tausawa ya bayyana a Arewacin Amurka kimanin shekaru miliyan 4 da suka gabata kuma ya bazu zuwa Eurasia (mai yiwuwa, ƙetare Bering Isthmus) daga shekaru miliyan 2 zuwa 3 da suka gabata.
Bayan Mutanen Espanya sun dawo da dawakan zuwa Amurka, Nan Asalin Amurkawa sun fara amfani da waɗannan dabbobin don jigilar su. Suna da kyakkyawar ƙarfin hali da sauri. Ari da, ƙafafunsu masu ƙarancin ƙarancin rauni, wanda ya sa su zama masu manufa don dogon tafiya.
Mustangs sune zuriyar dabbobin da suka gudu, aka yi watsi da su, ko aka sake su cikin daji. Nau'in magabata na kwarai sune dokin Tarpan da Przewalski. Mustangs suna zaune a wuraren kiwo na yammacin Amurka.
Yawancin yawancin Mustang ana samun su ne a yammacin jihohin Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, California, Arizona, North Dakota, da New Mexico. Wasu daga cikinsu kuma suna rayuwa a gabar Tekun Atlantika da tsibirai kamar Sable da Cumberland.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Sakamakon yanayin su da halayen su, irin dokin mustang yana da ƙafafu da suka fi ƙarfin dawakai na gida.
Tunda suna daji ne da bakin teku, kofatansu dole ne su iya tsayayya da kowane irin yanayin halitta. Mustangs suna zaune a cikin babban garken shanu. Garken ya kunshi karne daya, kusan mata takwas da ‘ya’yansu.
Bakin ciki yana sarrafa garken garkensa don kada ɗayan mata su yi yaƙi da baya, saboda in ba haka ba, za su je wurin abokin hamayyar. Idan a kan yankinta wani matattari ya sami tabo na wani tsawar, sai ya yi atishawa, ya gane warin, sannan ya bar daskararrensa saman ya bayyana kasancewar sa.
Dawakai suna da matukar son yin wankan laka, suna samun kududdufin laka, suna kwanciya a ciki kuma suna juyewa daga gefe zuwa gefe, irin wadannan bahon suna taimakawa wajen kawar da kwayoyin cuta.
Garken dabbobi suna cinye mafi yawan lokacinsu suna kiwo a ciyawa. Babbar marainiya a cikin garken tana taka rawar shugaba, idan garken ya motsa, sai ta shiga gaba, dakarunta na baya, suna rufe jerin gwanon kuma ba masu barin dabbobi damar kusantar su ba.
Lokaci mafi wahala ga dawakin daji shine tsira daga hunturu. Baya ga yanayin sanyi, ƙarancin abinci ma matsala ce. Don kar a daskare, dawakan suna tsaye cikin tsini suna dumama da zafin jikin.
Kowace rana, suna tono dusar ƙanƙara tare da kofato, suna ci don sha kuma suna neman busasshiyar ciyawa. Saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki da sanyi, dabbar na iya zama mai rauni kuma ya zama mai sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta.
Dawakai suna da 'yan kaɗan: beyar daji, lynxes, cougars, Wolves da mutane. A cikin Yammacin Yamma, 'yan kaboyi suna kama kyawawan dabi'un daji don shayarwa da sayarwa. A farkon karni na 20, sun fara kamasu saboda nama, kuma ana amfani da naman doki wajen kera abinci na dabbobi.
Mustang abinci
Kuskuren fahimta ne cewa dawakai mustang ci ciyawa ko hatsi kawai. Dawakai suna da komai, suna cin tsirrai da nama. Babban abincin su shine ciyawa.
Zasu iya rayuwa na dogon lokaci ba tare da abinci ba. Idan ana samun abinci sauƙin, dawakai manya suna cin fam 5 zuwa 6 na tsire-tsire kowace rana. Lokacin da ciyawar ciyawa ba ta da yawa, suna cin abinci da kyau duk abin da ya girma: ganye, ƙananan bishiyoyi, ƙanana da ƙanana. Ana sha ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, koguna ko tafkuna sau biyu a rana, kuma suna neman adana gishirin ma'adinai.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon shekarun mustang
Kafin saduwa, duwawun na jan duwawun ta hanyar girgiza jelarta a gabansa. Ana kiran zuriyar mustang foals. Mares yana dauke da dabba a lokacin cikin ciki na wata 11. Mustangs yawanci suna haihuwa foals a cikin Afrilu, Mayu ko farkon Yuni.
Wannan yana bawa bawa damar samun karfi da karfi kafin watannin sanyi na shekara. Yara jarirai suna shayar da nonon mahaifiyarsu har tsawon shekara ɗaya, har sai wani ɗiyan ya bayyana. Kusan kai tsaye bayan haihuwa, mares na iya sake saduwa. Starfafa karusai, galibi a cikin sigar wasa, auna ƙarfinsu, kamar suna shirin yaƙi mafi tsanani don mares.
Ba tare da sa hannun mutane ba, yawansu na iya ninka cikin kowace shekara hudu. A yau, haɓakar waɗannan dawakai suna sarrafawa kuma don kula da daidaiton yanayin muhalli, ana kama su don nama ko sake siyarwa.
An yi amannar cewa a wasu wuraren rayuwa, dawakai suna cutar da ƙasa da aka rufe da ciyawa kuma suna haifar da lahani ga ciyayi da dabbobi. Mustang dawakai A yau, akwai mahawara mai zafi tsakanin sashen kiyayewa da kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar inda dawakai suke zaune.
Jama'ar yankin suna adawa da halakar yawan mustang kuma suna ba da hujjojinsu don neman a kara yawansu. Kimanin shekaru 100 da suka wuce, mustan kimanin miliyan 2 sun yi yawo a ƙauyukan Arewacin Amurka.
Tare da ci gaban masana'antu da birane, an tura dabbobi zuwa yamma zuwa cikin tsaunuka da hamada a yau, saboda kamawa a cikin daji yana da ƙasa da 25,000 daga cikinsu. Koyaya, mustang yana da ƙarancin rayuwa fiye da sauran dawakai.
