Wannan beyar tana kama da abin wasa sosai, kodayake girmanta ba abin wasa bane. Ga duk yanayin da yake da shi na laulayi da fara'a kai tsaye, wannan teddy bear ɗin ba mai sauƙi bane. Yana da wuya a samu wani abin halitta mafi rufin asiri da sirri. ,Auka, alal misali, gaskiyar cewa ya sami damar kasancewa cikin duhu har zuwa rabin rabin karni na 19 kuma na dogon lokaci ya jagoranci masana kimiyya ta hanci. Waɗannan, har zuwa kwanan nan, ana ɗaukarsu babban rakoka.
Babban kololuwar panda, shi beyar gora ce, shi ma fandaren da aka gani ne - kayan ajiyar ƙasar Sin da tambarin Asusun Kula da Dabbobin Duniya.
Bayanin panda
Panda mai girma ita ce nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin beyar, umarnin dabbobi - Armand David ne ya fara bayyana shi a cikin 1869... A cikin kasar Sin, yawancin mazauna yankin sun san game da beyar mai tabo da ba a saba gani ba tun zamanin da kuma suna kiranta da "Bei Shuang", wanda ke nufin "beyar tazara" a Sinanci. Wannan baƙar fata da fari suma suna da wani sunan na Sin - "bear-cat".
Amma, idan jama'ar gari ba su yi shakkar cewa panda beyar ce ba, to masana kimiyya ba su da yawa. Sun kunyata da tsarin haƙoran da basu dace ba don beyar da kuma doguwar jela. Sabili da haka, kusan kusan ƙarni, an yi kuskuren panda don ɓarna, babba sosai, amma, duk da haka, raƙon.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Pandas iri biyu ne da aka sani a duniya - babba da ƙarami. Babba shine bear, ƙaramin kuwa canine.
Sai kawai a cikin 2008, ta hanyar nazarin kwayar halitta, masana kimiyya suka cimma matsaya cewa babbar Panda ita ce bear kuma dangin ta na kusa shi ne beyar mai kayatarwa da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka.
Masanin binciken burbushin halittu dan kasar Australiya E. Tennius, bayan yayi nazari sosai game da halittu masu rai, ilimin halittar jiki, yanayin zuciya da sauran alamomi na katuwar Panda, ya tabbatar da cewa ita beyar ce a cikin haruffa 16, a cikin haruffa 5 ita ce raccoon kuma a cikin 12 ita cikakkiyar mutum ce kuma ba ta yi kama da komai ba, ita kadai , panda mai girma - bamboo bear. Daga baya, masana kimiyyar Amurkawa suka sake yin wani abu mai ban sha'awa: reshen katuwar Panda ya rabu daga layin beyar a tsarin juyin halitta - sama da shekaru miliyan 18 da suka gabata.
Bayyanar
Panda mai girman gaske tana da tsari da kuma daidaitattun abubuwa na beyar - jiki mai tsayi (tsayi - har zuwa 1.8 m, nauyi - har zuwa Kilogiram 160), babban zagaye da gajere. Amma wannan "yanayin" na panda yana da iyaka, kuma "daidaikun mutane" sun fara.
Launin da ba a saba gani ba na katuwar fanda. Daga gefen da alama gawar polar ce za ta je bikin bukin dabbobi: ya sanya tabarau mai baƙar fata, mayafin hannu, safar hannu, safa sannan ya sanya belun kunnuwa baƙar fata. Yaro kyakkyawa!
Masana har yanzu ba za su iya cewa ga tabbataccen abin da ya haifar da wannan 'maskin' ba. Ofaya daga cikin fassarorin sun bayyana gaskiyar cewa canza launi wanda ba na al'ada ba ne na dabi'a, saboda da farko gora mai gora ta zauna a tsaunuka cike da dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma launuka masu launin fari da fari sune suturarsa don haɗuwa tare da inuwar duwatsun da aka rufe dusar ƙanƙara.
Baƙon karatu. Bakulum - kashin azzakari, wanda aka kirkira daga kayan saduwa, ba kawai ana samunsa a cikin katuwar fanda ba, harma da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. Amma daidai yake a cikin gorar bamboo cewa karatun ilimi yana fuskantar baya, kuma ba gaba ba, kamar sauran bear, kuma, ƙari ma, yana da sifa mai siffa ta S.
Amble. Manyan kafaɗɗun kafa da faɗaɗa wuyan yanki, haɗe da ƙananan ƙafafun baya, suna ba wa gorar gorar iska mara daɗi.
Jaws na musamman. Mai iko sosai, tare da laushi mai fadi da fadi (mafi fadi da kuma daɗi fiye da na yau da kullun), waɗannan haƙoran suna ba da izinin panda mai girma ya niƙa ƙwaƙƙwuren bamboo ba tare da matsala ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ganuwar katuwar Panda tana da murza-murza sosai, kuma hanjin yana lulluɓe da laka mai laushi - halaye masu mahimmanci don jimre wa abinci mai katako.
Feetafafun gaban da ba na al'ada ba... Katuwar Panda tana da yatsu shida a ƙafafuwanta na gaba. Biyar daga cikinsu sun manne a ɗayan, ɗayan kuma ya bayyana a gefe kuma an san shi da “babban yatsan Panda”. A zahiri, wannan ba yatsa ba ne, amma nau'in fitowar fata ne, ko kuma dai, ƙashi ne da aka gyaru, wanda aka kirkira ta ɗabi'a don taimakawa beyar don ta fi riƙe sandar gora yayin cin abinci.
Salon rayuwa, hali
Katuwar panda tana sata sosai. Ba ta cikin sauri don nuna kanta ga mutane, ta gwammace keɓantacciyar rayuwa a cikin daji. Na dogon lokaci ta sami ikon kada ta faɗi komai game da kanta. Kuma mutum bai san komai game da ita ba. Rarraban sun fara cika ne lokacin da aka kula da nau'o'in beyar da suka kusan ƙarewa sosai kuma suka fara ƙirƙirar da shi don kiyayewa. Biye da halayen beyar gora, wanda yanzu yake a fagen hangen nesansa, mutumin ya koyi abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa game da shi.
Katuwar Panda tana da nutsuwa da daraja. Hali mai mahimmanci, ko da girman kai, yana tafiya a hankali. Bayan wannan girman kwanciyar hankali akwai yanke hukunci da zaman lafiya. Amma har ma da kwanciyar hankalin panda tana da iyaka. Kuma babu wanda ya isa ya gwada haƙuri - ba dangi, ko mutum ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana bayar da beyar ta gora da ma'anar "ƙarfi" ta yanayin halayensa. Sau da yawa ana iya ganinsa zaune "kamar a kujera" - yana jingina bayansa ga wani abu yana kwantar da ƙafarsa ta gaba a kan leɓe. Ba beyar ba, amma ainihin bamboo sarki!
Panda mai girma malalaci ne... Da alama jinkirin katuwar panda ta kan iyalala. Akwai wargi a kan wannan maki - sun ce panda malalaci ne har ta kai ta yi kasala har ma ta hayayyafa. A zahiri, Panda tana da tsayayyen makamashi saboda ƙarancin abinci mai ƙarancin kalori.
Don samun isasshen abinci, panda dole ne ya ci kusan kullun - awanni 10-12 a rana. Sauran lokacin tana bacci. Bugu da ƙari, Panda yana aiki da safe da dare, kuma da rana yana barci, yana shimfiɗa wani wuri a cikin inuwa. Dukkanin kuzarin da katuwar panda take samu daga abinci, tana ciyarwa ne akan abin kanta. An lura cewa a cikin bauta, inda bamboo bamboo ba shi da matsala game da abinci, yana nuna halayya da wasa. Zai iya tsayawa a kansa, somersault, hawa sanduna da matakala. Bugu da ƙari, yana yin shi da jin daɗin bayyane, don jin daɗin kowa da motsin rai.
Beyar Bamboo ba ta yin bacci... A lokacin hunturu, kawai suna matsawa zuwa wuraren da zafin iska ya dara digiri da yawa.
Manyan pandas suna da kyau... Banda shine lokacin kiwo, wanda yayi gajarta sosai a garesu kuma yana faruwa duk bayan shekaru biyu. Sauran lokaci, pandas suna kare kadaitansu, suna kare mazaunin daga membobin coci - sauran bamboo bears.
Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa wannan halayyar ta samo asali ne daga kasancewar pandas biyu ba zasu iya cin abinci a wuri ɗaya ba. Manyan pandas ba magina ba ne, ba sa yin rami na dindindin, suna fifita mafaka na halitta - kogo, bishiyoyi. Pandas sun san yadda ake iyo, amma ba sa son ruwa - suna ɓoyewa daga ruwan sama, ba sa shiga cikin kogin, ba tare da larura ba, kuma sun ƙi yin iyo a cikin wurin waha. Amma a lokaci guda, manyan pandas dabbobi ne masu tsabta.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa:
- Baribal, ko baƙin bear
- Brown ko na kowa bear
- Polar polar bear
- Grizzly shine mafi tsananin dabba
Iyayen Panda suna da hankali da kulawa... Ana ganinsu suna wasa da yaransu don raha. Wani lokacin sukan wayi gari da ƙananan yaransu don kawai suyi wasa dasu.
Manyan pandas ba hira suke ba. Da wuya ka ji muryar su. Wani lokacin suna yin sautin da yayi kama da na busawa. Kuma babu abin da ya nuna cewa a cikin yanayi mai ɗoki, wannan jakar tana iya jan kunne "sautunan". Zai iya “busa ƙaho” don gilashin windows ɗin su yi rawar jiki. Zai iya yin danshi kamar saniya har ma da kururuwa.
Pandas ba maƙiya ba ne... Suna da alaƙa da mutane ba tare da wani tashin hankali ba, da sauri suna tuna laƙabinsu kuma ana kula dasu sosai tun suna matasa.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin mazauninsu na rayuwa, rayuwar katuwar panda da wuya ta wuce shekaru 20. A cikin gidan zoo, wani lokacin suna sanya rikodin rayuwa. Misali, mace Min-Ming, mazauniyar gidan namun daji na Beijing, ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 34.
Babbar nau'in panda
Akwai manyan rukuni biyu na katuwar Panda:
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca - ana samunsa ne kawai a lardin Sichuan na ƙasar Sin kuma yana da launi mai launi da fari.
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis - an kasafta shi azaman kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ne kawai a cikin 2005. Yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan Qinling da ke yammacin China. Ya banbanta cikin karami karami da launin ruwan kasa mai fari fari maimakon baki da fari. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa wannan launi sakamakon maye gurbi ne da halayen abinci a cikin wannan mazaunin.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A cikin daji, ana samun katuwar fanda a cikin China sai a lardunta uku - Gansu, Sichuan da Shaanxi, kuma kawai a yankunansu na tsaunuka. A baya can, manyan pandas sun rayu ba kawai a cikin duwatsu ba, har ma a filayen. Amma tsananin aikin mutane da sare bishiyoyi ya sanya wadannan dabbobi, wadanda suke daraja kadaici, suka hau tsaunuka.
Mahimmanci! A yau, jimillar kewayen manyan pandas bai wuce kilomita dubu 30 ba.
A matsayin mazauna, manyan pandas suna zaɓar gandun daji masu tsaunuka a kan gangaren ganga tare da wajabcin kasancewar gora.
Abincin Panda
Pandas mai girma manyan masu cin ganyayyaki ne. Duk da cewa sun kasance cikin tsari na masu farauta, abincin su ya kunshi 90% na kayan lambu. Asali, bamboo ne. Suna cin shi da yawa. Adultaya daga cikin manya a kowace rana yana buƙatar aƙalla kilo 30 na gora ya ci.
Panda mai girma tana samun adadin kuzari da aka ɓace tare da wasu tsire-tsire da fruitsa fruitsan itace. Tana karbar abinci mai gina jiki daga kwari, ƙwai tsuntsaye, kifi da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kada ka guji farauta.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Panda mai girma tana haihuwa sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu. Lokacin shirye-shiryenta na ganin takan dauki tsawon kwanaki 3 kacal. A ƙa'ida, an haifi ɗiya ɗaya, ba sau da yawa sau biyu, amma na biyu, yawanci, baya rayuwa. Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa manyan pandas sun balaga a cikin shekaru 4-6 da haihuwa, kuma suka yi rayuwa sama da shekaru 20, to zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa yanayin haihuwa a wannan dabba mara kyau ne, mara kyau sosai.
Giwan ciki panda yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 5. An haifi jaririn a ƙarshen bazara, farkon kaka - makaho, an rufe shi da haske da ƙananan. Nauyin sabon haihuwa a cikin irin wannan babbar uwar panda da kyar ya kai 140 g. Jariri kwata-kwata bashi da taimako kuma ya dogara gaba ɗaya da damuwar uwa da madara. Thean ragon yana manne da uwar sau 14 a rana. Cewa a duk wannan lokacin, ko tana bacci, ko tana cin abinci, ba ya barin ɗanta daga ƙafafuwanta. A cikin wata biyu, jaririn ya kai nauyin kilogiram 4, kuma cikin wata biyar yana samun kilogiram 10.
A makonni 3 da haihuwa, idanun beyar ɗin ya buɗe kuma ya girma da ulu, ya zama kamar beran gora. A watanni 3 da haihuwa, yana ɗaukar matakan sa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsa. Amma sai bayan shekara daya aka yaye shi daga ruwan nono. Kuma zai sake buƙatar wata shida don zama mai cin gashin kansa gaba ɗaya kuma ya kasance dabam da mahaifiyarsa.
Makiya na halitta
A halin yanzu, katuwar Panda ba ta da abokan gaba, sai na mutane. Launin launin da baƙon abu na beyar gora ya yi masa mummunan raha. Jaworsa tayi tsada a bakar kasuwa. Suna son kama waɗannan kyawawan ƙattai don gidan zoo. Suna yawan jan hankalin baƙi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Panda mai girma itace nau'in haɗari da ke cikin haɗari da aka jera a cikin Lissafin Red na duniya... Babu kusan 2,000 daga cikinsu a cikin daji.
Yau duk ana kirga su. Kuma akwai lokuta, musamman a lokacin shekarun Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, lokacin da aka taƙaita duk shirye-shiryen kiyaye wannan dabba da ba a ga irinta ba kuma aka harbe manyan pandas ba tare da kulawa ba saboda wata babbar fata.
Dan Adam ya dawo cikin hayyacinsa ne kawai a farkon karni na 21 kuma ya himmatu sosai wajen adana beyar gora. A China, an gabatar da hukuncin kisa saboda kisan nasa, ana kirkirar wasu tanadi. Amma matsalar ita ce cewa katuwar fanda an san ta ne da ƙaramin aikin lalata da kuma gaskiyar cewa ba ta haihuwa sosai a cikin fursuna. Duk wani katon dan panda da aka haifa a gidan zoo sai ya zama tauraro.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A China, an ayyana gora mai ɗauke da dukiyar ƙasa. Don haka wani manomi na gari wanda ya harbe wata katuwar fanda a shekarar 1995 ya sami hukuncin daurin rai da rai.
A yanzu haka, ana samun manyan pandas a gidajen zoo a Shanghai, Taipei, San Diego, Atlanta, Memphis, Vienna, Koriya ta Kudu da Zoo na Amurka.
