Fasali da mazaunin shiloklyuv
Avocet (daga Latin Recurvirostra avosetta) tsuntsu ne daga tsarin Charadriiformes na gidan stylobeak. Sunan Latin na wannan dabba za a iya fassara shi a zahiri azaman "lanƙwasa bakin cikin kishiyar shugabanci."
Bakin bakin da yake lankwasa ya bambance wannan jinsin na masu ruwa daga wasu tsuntsaye, tsawon sa ya kai 7-9 cm awl yana da girma jiki yana da tsayin 40-45 cm, tare da fika-fikai har zuwa 80 cm kuma nauyin 300-450 g.
Theafafu suna da tsayi sosai don wannan yanayin jikin, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, yana ƙarewa a ƙafa mai yatsun kafa huɗu, a tsakanin su akwai membran masu kama da agwagwa masu yawa.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan jinsin yana da bayyananniyar yanayin jima'i, ma'ana, maza koyaushe sun fi mata girma.
Launin kumburin waɗannan tsuntsaye fari ne da baƙi: babban ɓangaren jiki an lulluɓe shi da gashin fuka-fukai, ƙarshen fikafikan, ƙarshen wutsiya, ɓangaren sama na kai da wuya baƙi ne, akwai wasu mutane masu manyan ɗigon baki a fukafukan da baya.
Irin wannan launin launukan yana haifar da tasirin tsananin kuma yana jaddada falalar wannan tsuntsu.
Avocet tsuntsaye ne na ruwa. Rukunin ruwa da wuraren da shiloklyuv ke rayuwa an bambanta da gishirinsu, ma'ana, wannan tsuntsu ya fi son bakin teku da kuma ruwan gishirin. Kadan ne yake sauka a gabar kananan tafkuna da fadama.
Mazaunin ya yadu a Eurasia, Australia da Afirka. A Tarayyar Rasha, wannan tsibirin sandpiper a cikin Caspian, Azov da Black Seas, a cikin Kerch Strait, iyakar mazaunin arewa tana tafiya kudu da Siberia.
Dogaro da mazaunin, masana kimiyya sun rarraba stylobeak zuwa nau'i hudu:
- Aussie na Australiya (daga Latin Recurvirostra novaehollandiae);
- Ba'amurke (daga Latin Recurvirostra americana)
- Andean (daga Latin Recurvirostra andina)
- Bayyana (daga Latin Recurvirostra avosetta).
Daga bayanin awl jinsuna daban sun dan bambanta kadan, galibi ga kananan bambance-bambance a cikin launi na plumage. Akan yawa hotunan tsuntsaye zaka iya ganin wadannan siffofin daban.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Maƙaryata dabbobi ne masu zaman kansu; a cikin yankuna, suna kaiwa kimanin adadin 50-70 na mutane, suna bugawa kawai don lokacin nest, kuma wannan yana faruwa ne da zuwan zafin rana daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa Mayu.
Largestungiyoyi mafi girma na iya samun kusan nau'i-nau'i 200 na tsuntsaye. Lonungiyoyi tare da wasu masu haɗari kamar gull, sickles da terns galibi an ƙirƙira su don gida.
Tare da irin wannan wurin haɗin gwiwa, zai yi wuya a ga tsuntsu daga nesa. sicklebeak wannan shine ko awl, amma a nesa mafi kusa, bakin da yake lankwasa sama koyaushe yana bada mai shi kadai.
Wasu malamai suna mahawara ko Avocet tsuntsu ne mai yin ƙaura ko a'a, amma abin lura anan shine cewa wasu nau'in waɗannan dabbobin, kamar sulokak na Australiya, don gida, baya yin dogon tashi, sai dai kawai ya tara tare da wasu brethrenan uwa a kusa da mazaunin ta na dindindin, yayin da wasu nau'ikan, alal misali, waɗanda ke zaune a Rasha, suke tashi zuwa yankuna masu dumi na Asiya da Afirka don hunturu.
Abinci
Abincin tsuntsayen yafi kunshi kananan yanyanda, kwari da tsutsu wadanda suke rayuwa a jikin ruwa, mollusks da wasu nau'ikan tsirrai na ruwa suma suna zuwa abinci.
Shiloklyuvka yana neman abinci galibi a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci, a hankali yana tafiya a kan dogayen gabar jiki a gefen yankin bakin ruwa, yana ƙwace abincinsa daga ruwa tare da motsin bazata ya haɗiye shi.
Wani lokaci yana ninkaya daga bakin teku, awl yana iyo sosai saboda membran da ke kan hanunsa, sannan kuma hanyar samun abinci ya canza - yin iyo a cikin ruwa da lura da abincinsa, yana saurin nutsewa a karkashin ruwa, yana kwace crustacean da aka samo ko kwari da baki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin balaga a cikin awl yana farawa daga shekara 1.5-2 da haihuwa. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da mata daya kuma maza suna aure da mace daya tak a tsawon rayuwarsu.
A lokacin nest, lokacin da suka taru a cikin mulkin mallaka, suna yin raye-raye na mating, bayan haka kuma aka ɗauki zuriyar ta gaba. Bayan haka, tsuntsayen sun fara gina gidansu.
Duk iyaye biyu suna cikin shirya tsara gida. Yana da sauki sosai. Tana kan karamin tsauni, a kan tudu ko a tsibirin da ke fitowa daga ruwa, wani lokacin akan duwatsu.
Mace na yin ƙwai a cikin gida, yawanci ƙwai 3-4. Tsarin launi na ƙwarjin ƙwai yawanci marsh ne ko yashi tare da raƙuman baƙi da launin toka.
A lokacin shiryawa, shiloklyuv yana kishin gidansu mai tsananin kishi, gami da na gullun da suke makwabtaka da shi, idan suka bayyana a kusa, sukan fara nuna hayaniya da tashin hankali.
Kai tsaye shiryawa, na tsawon kwanaki 20-25, ana yin sa ne ta hanyar mace da na miji, bayan haka kaɗan masu ƙyanƙyashewa suna ƙyanƙyashe. 'Ya'yan shiloklyuvka sun fara motsawa da kansu kusan daga farkon kwanakin.
Da misalin kwanaki 35-40, samari masu tasowa sun gama cika, bayan haka suna koyon tukin jirgin sama da sauya zuwa tallafi na rayuwa mai zaman kansa.
Duk lokacin da kajin ke zama tare da iyayensu, na biyun koyaushe suna kulawa da horar da 'ya'yansu, har ma bayan tashin jirgi masu zaman kansu na farko, ƙananan' yan shilokbeaks suna kasancewa tare da manya tsuntsaye na ɗan lokaci.
Abin sha'awa! A haihuwa da ƙuruciya, bakun 'ya'yan awl suna da siffa mai kyau kuma kawai suna lankwasawa sama da shekaru.
Matsakaicin rayuwar awl shine shekaru 10-15. An yi rikodin rikodin dogon tsuntsun wannan dangi ta hanyar ringing a cikin Holland, shekarunta sun cika 27 shekaru da watanni 10.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin Rasha wannan sandpiper yana zaune ne a cikin ƙaramin yanki kuma tsuntsayen ba su da yawa, An jera Avocet a cikin Littafin Ja kasarmu kuma ta haka doka ta kiyaye mu.
