Bayani da siffofin otter
Otter - Wannan ɗayan ɗayan dabbobin masu farautar dabbobi ne, waɗanda ake ladafta su ga gidan weasel. Girman dabbobi masu shayarwa kai tsaye ya dogara da nau'in.
A matsakaita, sunkai daga 50 cm zuwa 95 cm, tsawon jelarsa mai taushi daga 22 cm zuwa 55 cm Wannan dabba tana da sassauƙa kuma tana da tsoka jiki. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine lokacin da dabba mai girman mita kusan nauyinta 10 kawai.
Maɓuɓɓuka iri daban-daban suna da launi iri ɗaya - launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan kasa. Gashinsu gajere ne, amma yana da yawa, wanda ya sa ya zama mai ƙima sosai. A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, otter yana da lokacin narkar da shi.
Otters na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ke kula da gashinsu, tsefe shi, da tsaftace shi. Idan ba su yi haka ba, ulu za ta zama datti kuma ba za ta ci gaba da dumi ba, kuma lalle wannan zai kai ga mutuwa.
Saboda ƙananan idanuwansa, otter yana gani sosai a ƙasa da ƙarƙashin ruwa. Hakanan suna da gajerun kafafu da farce mai kaifi. Yatsun yatsun suna haɗe da membranes, wanda ya ba da damar yin iyo sosai.
Lokacin da otter ya nitse cikin ruwa, tofa ana rufe kofofin kunnensa da hancinsa ta wannan hanyar, suna toshewar shigar ruwa a wurin. Don bin ganima a karkashin ruwa, otter na iya iyo har zuwa 300 m.
Lokacin da dabba mai shayarwa ta hango hatsari, tana sautin amo. Yayin wasa da junan su, suna yin sowa ko nishi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a wasu sassan duniya ana amfani da otter a matsayin dabbar farauta. Suna iya fitar da kifi cikin raga.
Otter yana da makiya da yawa. Dogaro da mazauninsu, waɗannan na iya zama tsuntsayen ganima, kada, beyar, karnuka da suka ɓace, kerkeci da jaguar. Amma babban abokin gaba ya kasance mutum, ba kawai yana farautar ta ba, amma yana gurɓata da lalata yanayinta.
Mazaunin Otter da salon rayuwa
Ana iya samun otter a kowace nahiya, ban da Australiya. Saboda dalilin cewa mazauninsu yana da alaƙa da ruwa, suna zaune kusa da tabkuna, koguna da sauran wuraren ruwa, kuma dole ne ruwan ya kasance mai tsabta kuma yana da ƙazamar ƙarfi. Yayin lokacin sanyi (sanyi), ana iya ganin otter a waɗancan sassan kogin da basu daskarewa ba.
Da dare, dabbar tana farauta, kuma da rana ta fi son hutawa. Ana yin hakan a cikin tushen bishiyoyin da suke girma kusa da ruwa ko kuma a cikin rami. A koyaushe ana gina ƙofar ramin a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Domin otter beaver yana da fa'ida, tana rayuwa ne a cikin ramuka waɗanda ya haƙa, tunda shi bai gina nasa ba. Idan babu abin da ya tsoratar da otter, suna aiki yayin rana.
Idan otter ya zama mara lafiya a inda yake, zai iya rufe hanyar kilomita 20 cikin aminci don neman sabon gidaje (ba tare da la'akari da lokacin ba). Hanyoyin da ta bi sun yi amfani da ita tsawon shekaru. Yana da ban sha'awa kallon dabba a lokacin hunturu, yana motsawa cikin dusar ƙanƙara cikin tsalle, yana canzawa tare da zamewa a ciki.
Dogaro da jinsin, masu ba da amsawa daban-daban ga bautar. Wasu suna yin sanyin gwiwa, sun daina kula da kansu, kuma a ƙarshe na iya mutuwa. Na karshen, akasin haka, suna da abokantaka, suna saurin daidaitawa da sabon yanayi, kuma suna da yawan wasa.
Kulawar su babban mutum-mutumi ne mai wahala. Ana buƙatar yanayi na musamman: aviary, wurin wanka, masu bushewa, gida. Amma kuma tana kawo farin ciki sosai, tana da yawan wasa. Har ma suna rubuta wakoki game da otters, misali, “otter a cikin tundra».
Jinsunan Otter
Akwai nau'ikan otter 17 da kuma iyalai 5 gabaɗaya. Mafi shahararrun sune:
- Kogin otter (talakawa).
- Tekun teku (otter na teku).
- Caucasian otter.
- Otter na Brazil (ƙato).
Otter teku shine dabba mai shayarwa ta wani nau'i otter beaver, saboda haka ana kiran otter sea bear. An bambanta shi ta manyan girma, wanda ya kai har 150 cm kuma yayi nauyi har zuwa 45 kg.
Suna da kyakkyawar fur, wanda ke ba da damar zama dumi a cikin ruwa. Farkon karni na 20 yawan jama'a (otters na teku) ya ragu sosai saboda tsananin buƙatar fur.
A wannan matakin, adadin su ya karu sosai, amma ba za a iya farautar su ba. Abu ne mai matukar ban sha'awa kallon su, saboda masu ruwan teku suna sanya abincin su a cikin "aljihu", wanda suke da shi a ƙarƙashin ɓangaren gaba na hagu. Kuma don raba kullun, suna amfani da duwatsu. Tsawon rayuwarsu shekaru 9-11 ne; a cikin fursuna za su iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 20.
Katon otter na iya kaiwa mita 2, 70 cm wanda nasa ne daga wutsiya. Nauyinsa ya kai kilogram 26. A lokaci guda, otter na teku yana da nauyi sosai, yana da ƙananan girma. Otters na Brasil suna zaune a cikin iyalai har na mutane 20, babban wanda ke cikin dangin shine mace.
Ayyukansu yana faɗuwa ne da safiya, suna hutawa da dare. Tsawon rayuwarsu ya kai shekaru 10. An lissafa otter na Caucasian a cikin Red Book. Rage yawan jama'a ana aiwatar da shi ne saboda gurɓatar jikin ruwa, raguwar adadin kifaye da farauta. Hoton Otter kuma ana iya samun dangin su a shafukan shafin mu.
Abinci
Abincin na otter ya kunshi galibi kifi, amma kuma suna iya cin kifin kwai, da ƙwai tsuntsaye, cristaceans har ma da wasu ɓoyayyen ƙasa. Hakanan ba aboki ba otters da muskrat, wanda zai iya zuwa dabba mai cin abincin rana.
Otters suna ciyar da babban ɓangare na rayuwarsu don neman abinci, suna da saurin aiki da sauri. Saboda rashin mutuncinsu da mazauninsu ya zama mai kifi. Wannan dabbar mafarauta ce mai ban mamaki, sabili da haka, bayan sun ci abinci, farautar ba ta ƙarewa, kuma kifin da aka kama ya zama kamar nau'in abin wasa.
Otter na da matukar fa'ida ga masana'antar kamun kifi, domin suna cin abincin kifi ne mara kasuwanci, wanda kuma daga baya suke cin ƙwai da soya. Da rana, otter yana cin kusan kifi 1 kilogiram, yayin da ƙarami yake cikin ruwa, kuma ana jan babba a kan ƙasa. Tana aiwatar da abinci a cikin ruwa ta wannan hanyar, ta ɗora akan cikin ta kuma ci.
Bayan an gama cin abincin, sai ya juya sosai a cikin ruwa, yana tsarkake jikin tarkacen abinci. Dabba ce mai tsabta. Dabbar ba ta yin martani game da tarko da mafarautan suka bari, don haka yana da matukar wahala a jawo dabbar ta wannan hanyar, sai dai in dole ne tana jin yunwa sosai.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar otter
Lokacin balaga a mace otter yana farawa ne cikin shekaru biyu, a cikin miji cikin uku. Dabbobi ne su kadaita. Dabino yana faruwa a cikin ruwa. Otter yakan hayayyafa sau ɗaya a shekara, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a bazara.
Mace na da farin ciki na lokacin haihuwa, bayan hadi zai iya tsayawa a ci gaba, sannan ya sake farawa. A saboda wannan dalili, mace na iya samar da zuriya a farkon lokacin hunturu da kuma tsakiyar bazara (haihuwar asirce na iya zuwa kwanaki 270). Lokacin haihuwa yana daga kwana 60 zuwa 85.
Lura daga yara jarirai 2 zuwa 4. An haife su makaho kuma a cikin fur, gani yana bayyana bayan wata ɗaya na rayuwa. A cikin wata na biyu na rayuwa, jarirai suna da hakora, kuma suna koyon iyo, a watanni 6 sun zama masu cin gashin kansu. Bayan kamar shekara guda, jariran sukan bar mahaifiyarsu.
Matsakaicin rayuwar otter a matsakaici yana ɗaukar shekaru 15-16. Matsayin waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki suna da rauni sosai. Dalilin ba kawai gurɓatattun ruwayen ruwa bane, har ma da farauta. Farauta Otter doka ta hana. A wasu ƙasashe, wannan dabba mai ban mamaki tana cikin Lissafi.
Babban darajar mafarauta shine fur - yana da isasshen inganci da karko. Beaver, otter, muskrat sune ainihin tushen asalin Jawo, wanda suke son amfani dashi don ɗinke samfuran samfuran.
