Jirgin sama - wannan kwaron wanda sau da yawa ana samun sa a cikin daji ko wurin shakatawa, da kuma a cikin gida mai zaman kansa, gida ko gida. Saboda bayyanar kyamarta, girmanta (kamar na kwari) da motsin motsa jiki, wannan halittar na iya tsoratar da kowa. Koyaya, yana da kyau a lura cewa mai farautar kwari ne mai zaman lafiya, ƙari ma, yana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma ya cancanci ƙarin koyo game da shi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Flycatcher
Daga mahangar kimiyya, mahautar gama gari (Latin Scutigera coleoptrata) ba kwari bane kwata-kwata, kamar yadda yawancin talakawa suka yi imani, amma ɗari ne. Haka ne, wannan daidai ne, tunda yana daga dangin arthropods, nau'ikansu na dan dunduniya, jinsin mai binciken (Scutigera). Hakan ya biyo baya daga wannan cewa waɗanda ke cikin ɗari ɗari ba kwari kwata-kwata, amma kawai dangin su na kusa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A halin yanzu, masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun san fiye da nau'ikan milip dubu 12, wadanda suka hada da burbushin halittu 11.
Girman babban jirgin saman jirgin sama ya dogara da shekarunsa kuma zai iya bambanta tsakanin 3-6 cm. Hakanan, za a iya rinjayar girmanta ta wurin zama da yawan abinci. A ƙa'ida, jikinta yana da launin shuɗi mai launin rawaya, launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai ciki a ciki. Legsafafun kafafu na dundun tsakiya kuma launuka ne marasa daidaito.
Bidiyo: Flycatcher
Jikin flycatcher, kamar kowane maɗaukaki, an lulluɓe shi daga sama tare da babban kwasfa na waje ko exoskeleton, wanda ke kiyaye shi daga tasirin waje da rauni. Exoskeleton ya kunshi sclerotin da chitin. Jikin babban jirgin sama mai yawan tashi yawanci ana raba shi zuwa kashi 15, an daidaita shi kuma yayi tsawo. Kowane ɗayan sassan yana da ƙafafu biyu. Wato, ya zama cewa adadin su duka 30 ne.
Ko da kuwa ka kalli mataccen jirgin nan da nan, nan take ba zai bayyana wane bangare na jiki wanda kansa yake ba. Wannan yafi yawa saboda ƙafafun na ƙarshe, a ɓangarorin biyu, suna da tsayi sosai kuma suna kama da gashin baki. Pairafafu biyu na farko (wanda ke kan kai) shima ya banbanta da sauran ta yadda yake taka rawar haƙar ƙafa, waɗanda suke wajaba don kama wanda aka azabtar yayin farauta, da kuma kariya daga abokan gaba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wani jirgin sama wanda aka haifa yanzunnan yana da ƙafafu huɗu kaɗai. Yayinda yake girma, narkakkun da yawa suna faruwa, sakamakon haka ragowar nau'ikan suke bayyana a hankali.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya mai kama jirgin sama yayi kama
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, babban jirgin sama mai farauta zai iya kai tsawon cm 6. A lokaci guda, yana kama da gizo-gizo mai gashi mai yawa, tsutsa ko tsaka-tsakin fata. Launin jikinta yana kama da launin rawaya, launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka mai launin shuɗi mai bambancin launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai ɗorawa har zuwa bayanta. Dogayen kafafunta ma suna da ratsiyoyi. Jariri wanda aka haifa yana da sassan jiki huɗu kawai da kuma adadin adadin ƙafafun kafa biyu.
Mai jirgin sama yana da ƙananan idanu fuskoki biyu a kansa, wanda ke ba shi kyakkyawan gani, kusan duk zagaye. Hakanan akwai dogon gashin baki anan, wanda ya kunshi bangarori da yawa, wanda yawansu zai iya kaiwa dari shida. Waɗannan eriya suna da hankali sosai kuma suna iya ɗaukar sigogi da yawa na yanayin waje, da kuma haɗarin haɗari.
Godiya ga yawan kuɗaɗe da motsi na dukkan sassan jiki, ɗan ɗari ɗari yana iya gudu da sauri sosai. Saurin motsin sa zai iya kaiwa 45-50 cm / sec. Mafi yawan '' multifunctional '' sune ƙafafun gaba na jirgin. Sun ba ta damar yin duka biyun da gudu daidai gwargwado, wanda ba a saba da shi ba ga sauran kwari, da kuma riƙe abin da aka kama, da kuma kasancewa amintaccen kariya yayin taron abokan gaba.
Yanzu kun san yadda fasin jirgin sama yake. Bari mu ga inda aka samo wannan kwarin.
A ina ne jirgin sama ke rayuwa?
Photo: Flycatcher a cikin yanayi
A cikin yanayin su na asali, masu son tashi sama sun gwammace su zauna a cikin duhu mai duhu, inuwa mai inuwa da gandun daji, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. Galibi suna sanya kansu gidan zama na dindindin a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, sarƙoƙi ko manyan tarin ganye da suka faɗi. A lokacin bazara da lokacin sanyi, masu ba da shawara suna neman mafaka a cikin zurfafan ramuka da fasa a ƙarƙashin bawon bishiyoyi, a cikin ramuka, a cikin tsohuwar ruɓaɓɓen kututture. A cikin bazara, tare da farkon ɗumi, suna rarrafe daga mafaka kuma suna fara neman abinci da kansu, tare da samar da zuriya.
A lokacin rani, lokacin da yake ɗumi a waje, amma bai da zafi sosai ba, masu ƙira suna so su zauna a bangon gine-gine na dogon lokaci kuma suna kwantawa da rana. Tare da farkon kaka, an tilasta wa masu ba da ɗabi'a su nemi yanayin rayuwa mafi daɗi, kuma saboda wannan ana iya kiyaye su sau da yawa a cikin gidajen ɗan adam. A lokacin bazara, masu iya tashi sama na iya rarrafe cikin gidaje da gidaje don neman sanyin da danshi.
Idan masu farauta suna da tushen abinci koyaushe a mazaunin ɗan adam, to zasu iya zama a can duk tsawon shekara har ma shekaru da yawa a jere. A can, masu ba da shawara sau da yawa sukan ɓuya a cikin ɗakunan ƙasa, a cikin ɗakunan gini, a ƙasa, ƙarƙashin roomsakin wanka, gaba ɗaya, inda yake da annashuwa, duhu, dumi da danshi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin Indiya da sauran ƙasashe masu zafi, inda, saboda yanayin yanayi, yawancin kwari masu cutarwa da masu guba ana maraba dasu sosai ga mahaukata a cikin gidaje.
Menene mai farauta yake ci?
Hotuna: Kwarin Flycatcher
Tunda mai farauta ya kasance nasa ne daga maɓuɓɓugar maɓallin labiopod, yana da mai farauta. Saboda wannan dalili, kwarin yakan farautar wasu kwari don haka yana samun abincinsa.
Arachnids da ƙananan arthan kwalliya na iya zama abincin ta na rana, kumallo ko abincin dare:
- kudaje;
- kyankyasai;
- gizo-gizo;
- kaska;
- ƙuma;
- tawadar ruwa;
- kwarin gado;
- kifin azurfa;
- aphids.
Dangane da lissafin da ke sama, ya bayyana sarai cewa mai farautar ya lalata kwari waɗanda ke cutar da su a cikin gidan mutum da cikin lambun ko lambun lambu. Don haka ya zama cewa karnin, duk da yanayinsa na ban tsoro, yana da amfani ne kawai. Ba ta lalata tsire-tsire ko kayan daki, ba ta taɓa abinci, kuma gaba ɗaya, tana ƙoƙari kada ta nuna kanta ga mutane.
Saboda haka, idan ba zato ba tsammani ka ga wani mai farauta a cikin gidan ka ko a shafin, to ka sani: wannan kwaro ne mai matukar amfani wanda zai tseratar da kai daga "maƙwabta" da ba ka buƙata ta fuskar kyankyaso, ƙudaje da sauran masifu marasa dadi.
Flycatchers suna farauta ta hanyar amfani da eriya da hangen nesa. Bayan sun lura da ganimar, sai suka hanzarta kai hari, suka kamo ta da ƙafafun su masu ƙafa da ƙafa da allurar guba. A karshen cin abincin, sai mai biyun ya buya a gidansa har sai abincin ya narke sannan ya sake yin yunwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Flycatcher na kowa
Flycatchers sun fi son zama maras motsi, kodayake galibi ana iya ganinsu da rana, amma a cikin inuwa. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau (sanyi, zafi, fari), suna neman wuraren da suka fi dacewa su zauna. Centipedes wani nau'in gudu ne a cikin duniyar kwari, saboda suna iya gudu da sauri fiye da 40 cm a dakika daya.
A lokacin motsi, suna ɗaga jikinsu da ke haɗewa da sauri, da sauri su taɓa dogayen ƙafa. A cikin yanayi mai nutsuwa, can wasan ƙwallafa suna yin birki a saman inda suke, shin bangon gida ne ko baƙin itace. Tsarin ƙafafunsu yana ba ka damar sauƙaƙawa a saman shimfidar ƙasa da tsaye.
Kari akan haka, saboda yanayin sassaucin jiki, masu iya tashi sama cikin sauki suna iya hawa cikin matattun koguna. Tare da wannan duka, kwari suna da kyakkyawan gani da ƙanshi, wanda ke basu damar zama masu farautar kama-da-wane.
Lokacin farauta, centan majalisar ɗari huɗu sun fi son jiran abincinsu, maimakon su bi ta. Da zaran farautar da ta dace ta bayyana a nan kusa, mai farauta ya hanzarta zuwa gare shi, ya ciji ta cikin ƙwaryar da ke ciki kuma ya dirka dafin da ke shanyewa. Saboda yawan yatsun kafa, mai farauta na iya kama kwari da yawa lokaci ɗaya.
Game da mutane da dabbobin gida, guba ta kwari ba ta da haɗari a gare su. Kuma ba koyaushe take sarrafa cizon ta fatar mutum ko ta dabba ba. Idan mai farauta ya sami damar cizon mutum, wanda, a hanyar, yana yin shi ne kawai don kare kai, to yana jin kamar ƙudan zuma, kawai ya fi rauni. Itching da ƙonawa suma suna bayyana, waɗanda ke ɓacewa bayan 'yan awanni, kuma halayyar kumburin ƙudan zuma ba ta bayyana.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Flycatcher a cikin ɗakin
Flycatchers suna rayuwa daga shekaru uku zuwa bakwai, kuma suna isa balaga cikin kusan shekara ɗaya da rabi bayan haihuwa. Suna tafiyar da rayuwarsu ta kadaici, kuma masu naman kiwo suna kiwo ne kawai a lokacin dumi - daga Mayu zuwa Agusta. Maza da mata a zahiri ba su bambanta da juna kuma suna samo wa kansu ma'aurata ta wari. Ellanshi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan. Idan mace mai farauta ba ta son ƙanshin namiji, to ba za ta yi aure ba kuma za ta nemi abokin da ya fi dacewa da kanta.
Yin jima'i a cikin jirgin sama yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Baya ga pheromones, namiji kuma yana yin sautuka na musamman masu sauki, wadanda basu dace ba, wadanda kuma suke jan hankalin mace. Lokacin da mace ta kusa, da sauri namiji yakan saƙa murƙun zaren siliki mai kyau, inda yake sanya ruwan kwayar cutar (spermatophore). Mace, ta hanyar sauti da sauti, suna '' birgewa '', tana rarrafe a cikin akwatin, don haka ya nuna wa namiji wurin da take, kuma ta ɗauki kwayar cutar cikin kanta.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki, matar da ta hadu da juna ta sami kebantaccen wuri, ta dan yi' yar damuwa a cikin kasar ta sanya kwai 50-60 a wurin, wani lokacin kuma. Qwai suna 1-1.5 mm a diamita, zagaye, whitish, translucent. Bayan wannan, mai farauta ya zauna a kan kama kuma ya jira zuriyar ta bayyana. Duk lokacin shiryawa (kuma wannan daga sati biyu zuwa hudu), ba ta da nisa daga gida kuma tana rayuwa daga hannu zuwa baki.
Sababbin jirage masu tashi sau da yawa galibi fari ne kuma suna bayyana a fili. Suna da kafa biyu kawai. A cikin ci gaba da girma, bayan kowane narkakken, suna kara gabobin gabobi. Yaran Flycatcher suna yin makonni biyu na farkon rayuwarsu tare da mahaifiyarsu, sannan su bar ta har abada.
Abokan gaba na mahauta
Photo: Flycatcher a cikin yanayi
Flycatcher halittar mahaifa ce, saboda haka yana da kyau cewa tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi na iya farautar sa. Koyaya, akwai ɗaya "amma". Abinda yake shine koda bayan sun kama wani mai farauta, ba kowace dabba bace zata so cin ta daga baya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Flycatchers suna ɓoye wani abu mai guba na musamman wanda yake da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi, mara daɗin ji wanda ke tunkude masu farauta.
Don haka manyan abokan gaba na masu cuwa-cuwa sune, ba daidai ba, mutane, musamman masu kwazo ko wadanda ke fama da tsoron kwari (arachnophobia). Kodayake duk da cewa masu ba da karfi sun fi alkhairi fiye da cutarwa a cikin gida ko gonar.
Mutanen da ba sa son kowane kwari, ganin masu cuwa-cuwa a cikin gidansu, suna ƙoƙarin kawar da su da wuri-wuri. Tabbas, idan suna gudu cikin garken a gefen bangon, to akwai buƙatar yin wani abu game da shi, amma ɗayan sama biyu ko biyu da ke zaune a cikin gidan zai zama kawai mai amfani. Bugu da ƙari, sun fi son ɓoyewa fiye da gudu a buɗe.
A halin yanzu, Intanet cike take da hanyoyi daban-daban na yaƙi da ƙwari masu haɗari, gami da ƙugiyoyi. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin hanyoyin ba sa aiki a kan masu ɓoye kwata-kwata. Abin lura a nan yana cikin yanayin yanayin tsarin abincinsu da salon rayuwarsu. Tunda masu ba da abinci na ɗari ɗari kan cin abincin kwari, bait ɗin abinci daban-daban bai dace a nan ba. Tarko makaɗa kuma ba ya cutar da su da yawa, tun da asarar ƙafafu da dama ga waɗanda ke cikin ɗari-ɗari ba mutuwa ba ne, kuma maimakon ƙafafun da suka ɓace, sababbi suna girma bayan ɗan lokaci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Yaya mai kama jirgin sama yayi kama
A cikin yanayin yanayi, ana samun halittar fuka-fuka - mai tashi sama sama da wani yanki mai girman gaske:
- Turai (kudu);
- Afirka (arewa);
- Kusa da Gabas.
Dangane da ƙasashen mazauni, ana iya ganin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Ukraine, Crimea, Moldova, Rasha (kudu), Belarus (kudu), Kazakhstan, Caucasus, yankin Volga, a cikin ƙasashen Bahar Rum, a Indiya. An jera flyan wasa na gama gari a cikin Red Book of Ukraine, ƙarƙashin matsayin: "nau'ikan nau'in". Game da lamba da kuma dalilan raguwarta, bayanan bincike sun nuna yawan mutanen da ba daidai ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin wasu yana da mahimmanci, kuma a wasu yana da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kuma yana raguwa da sauri.
Dalilan raguwar yawan maharan, kamar koyaushe, wurare ne na yau da kullun: ayyukan ɗan adam da ke tattare da aikin gona, sare itace, hakar ma'adanai, amfani da magungunan ƙwari, babban nauyin wasanni, gurɓatar muhalli tare da sinadarai masu cutarwa da kuma sharar masana'anta.
Hakanan, muhimmiyar rawa wajen raguwar jama'a shine sha'awar wasu mutane ta kowace hanya don kawar da dukkan kwari a cikin gidan. Abun takaici, tare da kyankyasai, sauro da sauran kwari masu cutarwa, ayyuka na musamman suna lalata kwari, tunda sunadarai da suke amfani dasu basu da wani zaɓi.
Kariyar Flycatcher
Hotuna: Flycatcher daga littafin Red
Mafi yawan mutane, ganin masu farauta a cikin gidansu, suna firgita kuma nan da nan suke ƙoƙarin kamawa da murƙushe su. Kuma ba abin mamaki bane - suna da ban tsoro. Koyaya, yana da daraja sanin cewa suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi amfani da tsinkaye da ke zaune kusa da mutane. Bayan haka, abincin waɗannan wakilai na masu narkar da kwayoyi galibi sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari: kudaje, kyankyasai, fleas, ƙwanƙwasa fata, tururuwa da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta masu cin zarafin ɗan adam.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A fannin ilmin dabbobi, koyaushe ana ɗauka cewa masu ɗari-ɗari ba kwari ba ne, amma a matsayin dangin su na kusa. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyyar dabbobi suna da ra'ayoyi da yawa masu karo da juna game da tsarin tsare-tsare na masu fuka-fuka.
Masu hawan jirgin sama, kamar kowane ɗaki na tsakiya, halittu ne na d very a kuma ba a yi nazarin asalinsu ba tukuna. Hakanan, millipedes babbar hanyar haɗi ce a cikin biogeocenosis. Tun zamanin da, mutane sun saba da tsoron abin da ba su fahimta ba, don haka bayanai masu amfani da ke cike wannan tazarar ba za su taɓa yin yawa ba. Don haka idan wata rana wani mai farauta ya kama ido a cikin gidanku, to, kada ku yi hanzarin kashe shi, amma kawai ku bar shi kawai ku bar shi ya tsere cikin natsuwa - mai yiwuwa ne wannan halittar har yanzu ta kawo fa'ida mai yawa.
Jirgin sama, ko kuma kamar yadda muke kiransa sau da ɗari, amma wannan sunan bai dace da gaskiyar komai ba, tunda yana da ƙafa talatin ne kawai (nau'i-nau'i 15), kuma ba arba'in ba. Wani kuskuren ma'ana shine na ɗari ɗari na gida. Yana da kyau a san cewa masu ba da tallafi suna da bambance-bambance da yawa fiye da kamanceceniya da masu jen tsakiya. Bayan haka, mai farauta wata halitta ce mara lahani kuma mai amfani wacce ke lalata kwari, yayin da scolopendra kwaro ne mai tsananin guba, wanda ke haifar da illa ga lafiya.
Ranar bugawa: 10/16/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 21.10.2019 a 10:35
