Saboda fitowar sa, karami da halayyar zaman lafiya wasan sarki shine ɗayan shahararrun macizai don adanawa, a gidan zoo da kuma gida. Wannan wata halitta ce da ba ta da daɗi kuma kuna iya ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayi a gare ta koda a cikin gidan birni ne na yau da kullun.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Royal Python
Wasannin sarauta shine mai rarrafe na macizai marasa haɗari da nau'in halittu na gaskiya. Saboda karfin da yake da shi na saurin dunkulewa zuwa cikin matattarar ball a gaban haɗari, a wasu lokutan ana kiran wasan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallan ƙwallo ko wasan ƙwallo. Python wani maciji ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda bai tafi cikakkiyar hanyar juyin halitta ba.
Bidiyo: Royal Python
Alamomin da ke nuna fifikon wasan sarki:
- sun riƙe spurs ko gabobi marasa aiki, yayin da a cikin macizai mafi girma waɗannan gabobin sun ɓace gaba ɗaya;
- pythons suna da huhu biyu, yayin da dangin manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da huhu ɗaya kawai.
Pythons, kamar kowane macizai, sun fito ne daga tsohuwar kadangaru. Mafi kusancin dangi sune mai siffa irin na iguana, fusiform. Giantarangaren ƙadangaren ruwa da ke ɓacewa ko mososaur 'yan uwansu ne. Tsoffin burbushin maciji guda daya, wanda aka gano a shekarar 2014, suna cikin asusun ajiyar Jurassic na Ingila - kimanin shekaru miliyan 167 da suka gabata. Daga zamanin Kiritas, ana samun ragowar sau da yawa, a wannan lokacin macizai kusan ko'ina suke.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Python an lakafta shi ne don wani dodo mai ban tsoro daga tsohuwar tarihin Girka wanda ya tsare ƙofar zuwa Delphic Divination kafin Apollo ya hau mulki.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya kallon wasan sarki?
Wasannin sarauta shine mafi ƙarancin wakilcin asalin halittar gaske. Tsawon mutumin da ya balaga da wuya ya wuce mita ɗaya da rabi. Wannan rarrafe mai rarrafe an rarrabe shi ta jiki mai ƙarfi da kauri tare da gajeren sashin jela. An bayyana kai a sarari dangane da lakar mahaifa, mafi girma, fadi.
An sanya wa wannan wasan suna na masarauta ne saboda kyan gani, abin ado a jiki. Idan ɓangaren ciki yafi zana farar fata ko launin shuɗi mai launin toka mai duhu, to sauran jikin an yi musu ado da launuka iri daban-daban na siffofi marasa tsari, launuka masu bambanci na haske da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, har ma da baki.
Wasu mutane na iya samun fitaccen farin abu a jiki. Mata sun fi maza girma. Gyaran jijiyoyin jikin baya sun fi bayyana a karshen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Aikin kiwo na dogon lokaci ya ba da gudummawa ga sayewa da haɓakawa a cikin fursunoni na sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin launin fatar masarautar. Akwai morphs masu launuka masu ban sha'awa da zane a jiki, wasu daga cikinsu ba su da ma'aunin sikeli.
Ba kamar boas ba, pythons suna da hakora. Ana jagorantar su cikin bakin, sirara sosai, mai kama da allura. Saboda tsarin hakora na musamman, wanda aka kama ba shi da damar sakin kansa. Manya na iya samun hakora har ɗari uku.
A ina ne gidan sarauta yake zama?
Hotuna: Royal python morph
Waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna rayuwa a cikin savannas, gandun daji na kwari, kwarin kogi. Mahalli na wannan jinsin halittu sun mamaye dukkan Afirka; ana samun su a Senegal, Chadi, Mali. Waɗannan halittun thermophilic ne ƙwarai, koyaushe suna zaune kusa da tafki, amma suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin kabura. Zasu iya zama kusa da gidajen mutane kuma su lalata berayen da ke cutar da noma.
Python na masarauta yana jure wa bauta da kyau kuma yana iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20-30, wanda ya ninka tsawon lokacinsa a mazauninsu.
Kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu yanayi:
- girman terrarium dole ne ya kasance aƙalla mita 1 a tsayinsa da mita 0.6 a tsayi da faɗi;
- zafin jiki a cikin kusurwa mai dumi yayin rana bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 29 ba, kuma a cikin kusurwar sanyi ya tashi sama da digiri 25;
- da dare, yanayin zafin jiki a cikin sasanninta ya kai digiri 20 da 18;
- yakamata a aiwatar da haske da dumama cikin terrarium ta amfani da fitilu masu haske, igiyoyin dumama wuta;
- alamomin da suka fi dacewa na danshi suna da kashi 50-60 bisa ɗari; yayin narkewa, ya kamata a ɗaga zuwa kashi 80;
- ya zama dole a gina wurin fakewa da sanya akwatin ruwa wanda Python zai iya dacewa gaba daya.
Masoyan dabbobin gida masu sauƙi suna samun yaren gama gari tare da kyawawan aladun sarauta, har yara ma suna iya kulawa da su.
Menene kayan wasan sarki?
Photo: Royal python maciji
Dukkanin gumaka masu cin nama ne. Abincin da aka saba amfani da shi na masarauta ya ƙunshi rodents daban-daban, tsuntsaye, kadangaru, ƙananan dabbobi. Python yana kai hari ga wanda aka azabtar da shi daga kwanton bauna kuma yana ƙoƙari ya sa haƙoran haƙoranta masu yawa cikin jikinsa cikin jifa. Sannan halittar dabba mai rarrafe tana zagaye ganimar a cikin zobba matsattse a hankali tana matsewa har sai yaduwarta da numfashinta suka tsaya. Python yana haɗiye mamacin a hankali sosai, duka.
Saboda tsari na musamman, muƙamuƙan jan ciki zai iya buɗewa sosai. Bayan cin abincin, Python yana rarrafe zuwa wani kebantaccen wuri don narkar da abinci. Dogaro da girman abin farauta, baligi zai iya cin abinci daga mako zuwa wata. Wani lokaci, saboda stomatitis, macijin gaba ɗaya ya ƙi cin abinci kuma ya rasa nauyi da yawa har ya cika gajiya. Wannan yanayi ne mai hatsarin gaske, tunda raunin halitta yana da saukin kamuwa da saurin cututtuka daban-daban, wanda, a karshe, ya zama sanadin mutuwarsa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin terrarium, ana ciyar da daular masarauta a daskararre kuma suna rayuwa da beraye tare da wajibcin ƙarin bitamin na musamman. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da saurin kiba, sabili da haka, bai kamata a ciyar da samari sau da yawa fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin fewan kwanaki kaɗan ba, kuma ga manyan almara, ɗayan ciyarwa kowane mako 2-3 ya isa.
Yanzu kun san abin da za ku ciyar da wasan sarauta. Bari mu duba yadda macijin ke rayuwa a cikin daji.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Sarauta a Afirka
Royal python mai kaɗaici ne. Mutanen da suka balaga da jima’i suna yin nau'i-nau'i ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci kawai a lokacin saduwa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna iyo da kyau kuma da yardar rai, suna iya motsawa cikin sauri a cikin ruwa. Hawan dabaru masu fasaha suna hawa bishiyoyi cikin fasaha, amma suna tafiya a hankali a kasa sosai.
Ana amfani da su ta hanyar hanyar rectilinear na motsi na maciji: da farko, Python yana shimfidawa gaba ya tsaya gaban jiki a farfajiyar, sa'annan ya ja jiki da jela sannan ya sake jan gaban. Gudun tafiya yana kusan kilomita 2-4 a awa daya. Idan ya cancanta, dabbobi masu rarrafe za su iya yin tafiyar kilomita 10 a awa guda a kan gajeren nesa.
Tsarin sarauta ba dare bane. Yana farauta ne kawai a cikin duhu, da rana yana hutawa a keɓantaccen wuri, galibi galibi a cikin ramuka na ƙasa, ramuka, ƙarƙashin tarin ganye kuma baya ba da kansa. Carrion baya sha'awar su, suna rayuwa ne kawai don abinci mai rai.
Ba sa taɓa auka wa mutum kuma suna iya cizon kawai a cikin yanayi na musamman, lokacin da suka ji wata babbar barazana a gare su. Duk dunkulelen duniya suna molt. Yawan zafin nama ya dogara da shekarun dabbobi masu rarrafe. Idan matasa sun zubar da tsohuwar fatar su sau ɗaya a wata, to a cikin manya, sauye-sauyen fata na faruwa sosai ƙasa da yawa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Royal Python
Da shekaru 5-6, gumakan sarki suna shirye don haifuwa. Lokacin saduwa ya faɗi ne a watan Yuni zuwa Nuwamba, ya danganta da yanayin yanayi da wadataccen abinci. Mata na jawo hankalin maza ga kansu ta hanyar samar da pheromones. Tsarin mating da kanta yana ɗaukar awanni da yawa.
Bayan an kammala aikin, mace mai ciki ta je neman wuri mafi dacewa don gida. Mafi yawanci, takan fitar da baƙin ciki mai kamannin kwano a cikin ƙasa ko kuma ta zaɓi ramin ɓauren itace. An kama kama kamar 'yan watanni bayan saduwa.
Qwaiyen Python suna da fararen fata mai laushi. A wani lokaci, mace na iya samar da kwai daga 20 zuwa 40, amma kuma an lura da cikakkun bayanai lokacin da yawansu ya haura ɗari.
Matan Python da kansu suna kiyayewa kuma suna yin ƙwai, namiji baya shiga wannan aikin. Repan dabbobi masu rarrafe yana zagaye jikinsa da ƙwanƙwanni kuma ya ɗauki kwanaki da yawa a wannan matsayin ba tare da farauta ta shagaltar da shi ba. Kodayake macizai masu jini ne-sanyi, mata na dumama ɗiyansu ta hanyar kwantiragin yanayin kwanyar. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauka, python zai fara kwankwadar tsokokin jikinsa da sauri sosai, don haka ya kara zafin jikin yadda ake so.
Shiryawa da ƙwai yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni biyu. An haifi dabbobin yara ba lokaci guda ba, amma tare da babban tazara, wanda zai iya kaiwa wata ɗaya ko fiye. A cikin ƙarin makomar ƙananan gumakan, manya ba sa shiga. Da kansu suna samun abincinsu tun daga farkon rayuwarsu. A cikin watanni shidan farko, nauyinsu ya ninka sau 4, ya kai gram 200 tare da tsayin jikinsa fiye da mita. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25-35.
Abokan gaba na sarauta
Hotuna: Yaya kallon wasan sarki?
Manya na tseren duniya suna da 'yan magabta a cikin mazauninsu. Zai iya zama ganima ga kada, wasu manyan tsuntsayen ganima da ƙadangare. Yaran dabbobi sun fi zama masu rauni, musamman a cikin watan farko bayan haihuwa, amma damar sake kamun kabu yana tseratar da su daga hallaka gaba daya.
Babban maƙiyin masarautar masarauta shi ne mutumin da kansa. A wasu ƙasashen Afirka, ana amfani da naman su don abinci, ana amfani da fata tare da tsari mai kyau don yin takalma masu tsada, jakunkuna, sutura. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna wahala daga sarewar daji da fadada ƙasar noma. Yanayin da ke cikin mahallansu na gargajiya an keta su, don haka dole su gudu, suna ƙaura zuwa wurare masu nisa.
Ana fitar da adadi mai yawa zuwa ƙasashen Turai. Akwai makircin makirci da yawa ba bisa ka'ida ba don fitarwarsu, ta hanyar ƙetare adadin da aka kafa, mafarauta suna farautar su. Kowace shekara daga Sinegal kadai, ana shigo da dabbobi masu rarrafe dubu 50 zuwa Turai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wasu kasashen Afirka, ana daukar wasan tseren masarauta a matsayin wata halitta mai tsarki, kuma doka ta hana kashe shi ko ci shi. Idan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun mutu kwatsam, to sai a binne shi a cikin akwatin gawa tare da duk darajar girmamawa, kamar mutum.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Royal Python mojave
A cikin kasashen Afirka da dama, ana samun "kidayar mutane" na tsaffin masarauta. A shekarar 1997, masana a kasar Ghana sun kirga kimanin dabbobi masu rarrafe miliyan 6.4. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yawan jama'ar ya dan ragu kuma akwai yiwuwar rage yawan wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a hankali, amma matsayin jinsin a halin yanzu ya tabbata. Mahukuntan kasashen Afirka da dama na daukar matakan dakile haramtaccen cinikin kayayyaki na baqi, amma sakamakon har yanzu abin takaici ne.
Don shafar yawan namun daji da yawa kadan-kadan yayin fitarwa, an tsara gonaki na musamman don kiwo a mazauninsu. Daga cikin mafi yawan rikodin da aka yi a cikin terrariums, ana lura da yawan amfanin ƙasa na kashi 100.
Baƙuwar fata da ƙwayoyin cuta wasu baƙuwar fata na ƙwai na ƙira mai fa'ida. Saboda kwazon wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma juriyar da qwai ke yi wa tasirin waje, kiwo na roba yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Pyauren sarauta suna taimakawa don cike wadatar baitulmalin jihohi da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana sun lura cewa gumakan daji daga yammacin Afirka ba sa dacewa da yanayin da aka kirkira da kere-kere kuma galibi suna mutuwa ne a farkon watannin rayuwa a cikin bauta.
Sarauta mai suna yana da kyan gani, kuma, waɗannan dabbobi sun zama abin buƙata musamman tsakanin masoyan terrarium. Mafi kyawun zaɓi don kiyayewa a gida shine nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe a cikin fursuna. A wannan yanayin, yawancin mutane ba su lalace ba, kuma haɗuwa da mutane yana da sauri sosai.
Ranar bugawa: 08/20/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 20.08.2019 a 22:51
