Vampire na ciki - sunan kimiyya yana nufin "vampire squid from hell". Mutum na iya tsammanin wannan jinsin ya zama babban firgita mai firgita rami mara matuƙa, amma duk da bayyanar aljanu, wannan ba gaskiya bane. Akasin sunansa, wutar jahannama ba ta cin jini, amma tana tattarawa kuma tana cin daskararrun ƙwayoyin cuta ta amfani da dogayen filoli biyu masu ɗauri. Wannan bai isa ba ga wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki don cephalopods har zuwa 30 cm tsawo, amma isa ga jinkirin rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai duhu tare da ƙarancin oksijin da ƙananan yan iska.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Vernire Vampire
Vernal Vampire (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) shine kawai sanannen memba na umarnin Vampyromorphida, tsari na bakwai a cikin rukunin molluscs Cephalopoda. Suna haɗuwa da halayen duka dorinar ruwa (Octopoda) da squid, kifin kifi, da dai sauransu. An ɗauka cewa wannan na iya wakiltar layin gado tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu. Ampwararrun ƙwararru ba na gaskiya bane a zahiri, kamar yadda ake kiransu saboda shuɗin idanunsu, launin ja-ja-ja-ja, da kuma yanar gizo tsakanin hannayensu.
Bidiyo: Vampire na Internal
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Jirgin ruwa na farko wanda ya fara ganowa a cikin 1898-1899 ya gano kwayar cutar ta Vampire kuma shi ne kawai wakilin umarnin Vampyromorpha, wani tsarin canjin yanayin rayuwa zuwa cephalopods.
A yawancin karatun tsarin rayuwar dan adam, wutar jahannama ana daukarta farkon reshen dorinar ruwa. Kari akan haka, yana da siffofi da yawa wadanda wataƙila zasu dace da yanayin zurfin teku. Daga cikin wadannan akwai asarar jakar tawada da yawancin gabobin chromatophore, ci gaban hotunan hoto da yanayin gelatinous na kyallen takarda tare da daidaito irin na jellyfish. Jinsin yana cikin zurfin ruwa a duk yankuna masu zafi da yanayi na Tekun Duniya.
A matsayinta na kayan tarihin rayuwar dan adam, shine kawai sanannen memba mai tsira da oda. An tattara samfuran farko akan balaguron Valdivia, kuma da farko anyi kuskuren bayyana su a matsayin dorinar ruwa a cikin 1903 ta mai binciken Bajamushe Karl Hun. Daga baya an sanya wutan jahannama sabon tsari tare da lalatattun maganganu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Jahannama Vampire Clam
Vampire na cikin jiki yana da hannayen tanti guda takwas masu tsayi da igiyoyi masu jan hankali guda biyu waɗanda zasu iya tsallakewa fiye da tsawon dabbar kuma za'a iya jawo su cikin aljihu a cikin yanar gizo. Wadannan filaments suna aiki azaman na'urori masu auna firikwensin saboda eriya suna rufe dukkan tsawon tanti tare da kofuna masu tsotsa a kan rabin rabin. Hakanan akwai fika-fikai biyu a saman rufin mayafin. An kira sunan squid squir na infernal vampire saboda fata mai duhu baƙi, ɗakunan yanar gizo, da jajayen idanu waɗanda ke da alamun vampire. Wannan squid yana da ƙananan - tsayinsa ya kai cm 28. Mata sun fi maza girma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gwanayen vampire suna da daidaito irin na jellyfish, amma mafi halayyar ta zahiri ita ce tana da manyan idanu gwargwado ga jikin ta dangane da kowace dabba a duniya.
Vampire na ciki yana da chromatophores mai baƙar fata tare da launuka masu launin ruwan kasa ja. Ba kamar sauran cephalopods ba, waɗannan chromatophores ba su aiki, suna ba da saurin canza launi. Vampire na infernal ya raba mafi yawan sauran halayen octopuses da decapods, amma kuma yana da 'yan sauye-sauye don rayuwa a cikin yanayin zurfin teku. Rashin chromatophores masu aiki da jakar tawada misalai ne kawai.
Hakanan vampire na ciki yana da hotunan hoto, waɗanda sune manya, gaɓoɓin madauwari waɗanda suke a bayan kowane ƙirar manya kuma ana rarraba su a saman farfajiyar, mazurari, kai, da na waje. Wadannan hotunan hoto suna samar da gizagizai masu walƙiya na walƙiya wanda ke ba wannan squid squamp haske.
A ina gidan wuta yake zama?
Hoto: Menene irin azabar wuta?
Squungiyar squid vampire tana da wurare masu zurfin gaske a cikin duk raƙuman ruwa mai zafi da yanayi. Wannan shi ne mafi kyawun misali na zurfin teku na cephalopod mollusk, wanda, kamar yadda aka yi imani da shi, yana da zurfin zurfin mita 300-3000, yayin da galibin wutar jahannama ke mamaye zurfin 1500-2500 m. A wannan yankin na tekunan duniya akwai yanki wanda yake da ƙarancin iskar oxygen.
Satarfin oxygen ya yi ƙasa sosai a nan don tallafawa haɓakar aerobic a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta masu rikitarwa. Koyaya, wutar jahannama tana iya rayuwa da numfashi kwata-kwata lokacin da oxygen ya wuce kashi 3% kawai, wannan ikon yana cikin ƙananan dabbobi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lura daga Cibiyar Bincike na Aquarium na Monterey Bay sun nuna cewa wutar jahannama tana iyakance ga mafi ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin wannan mashigar a zurfin zurfin m 690 da matakan oxygen na 0.22 ml / l.
Tsuntsaye masu motsa jiki suna rayuwa a cikin mafi ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin teku, inda kusan haske baya ratsawa. Rarraba squid vampire daga arewa zuwa kudu an daidaita shi tsakanin arba'in digiri arewa da kudu latitude, inda ruwan yake 2 zuwa 6 ° C. Duk tsawon rayuwarsa, yana cikin yanayi mai ƙarancin iskar oxygen. Vampyroteuthis na iya rayuwa a nan saboda jininsa yana dauke da wani karin launin jini (hemocyanin), wanda ke daure iskar oxygen daga ruwa sosai, banda farfajiyar dabbar tana da girma sosai.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun squid vampire squid. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene gidan wuta mai cin wuta?
Photo: Squid gidan wuta vampire
Squids masu cin nama ne. Squid vampire yana amfani da filaments na azanci don neman abinci a cikin teku mai zurfi, kuma yana da ingantaccen statocyst, yana nuna cewa yana sauka a hankali kuma yana daidaitawa cikin ruwa ba tare da wani ƙoƙari ba. Duk da suna da mutunci, Vampyroteuthis infernalis ba mai zalunci bane. Yayin da take shawagi, squid yana bayyana zaren daya a lokaci daya har sai dayansu ya taba dabbar da ke farautar. Tsuntsaye daga nan suna iyo a cikin da'irar suna fata su kama ganima.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Squid vampire yana da mafi ƙarancin takamaiman yanayin rayuwa tsakanin cephalopods saboda raguwar dogaro ga masu farauta a cikin teku mai zurfi, iyakance ta haske. Yawanci yakan tafi tare da kwararar ruwa kuma baya aiki sosai. Manyan fika-fikai da saƙar yanar gizo a tsakanin makamai suna ba da izinin motsi irin na jellyfish.
Ba kamar duk sauran abubuwan da ake kira cephalopods ba, wutar jahannama ba ta kama dabbobi masu rai. Yana ciyar da ƙwayoyin halittar da suka nitse zuwa ƙasa a cikin zurfin teku, abin da ake kira dusar ƙanƙara ta teku.
Ya kunshi:
- diatoms;
- zooplankton;
- salps da qwai;
- tsutsa;
- sassan jiki (detritus) na kifi da ɓawon burodi.
Ana fahimtar ƙwayoyin abincin ta wasu filaye masu azanci guda biyu, an manna su tare da kofukan tsotsa na sauran hannayen guda takwas, waɗanda aka rufe su da labulen hannayen hannu takwas, kuma an shanye su azaman murfin baki. Suna da hannaye takwas, amma basu da tanti, kuma a maimakon haka suna amfani da zaren ja da baya don ɗaukar abinci. Suna haɗa sharar gida da gamsai daga kofunan tsotsa don yin ƙwallan abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Octopus Hell Vampire
An yi la'akari da jinsin a koyaushe a matsayin mai ninkaya a hankali saboda raunin gelatinous dinsa. Koyaya, tana iya iyo da sauri mai ban mamaki, ta amfani da fikafikan yawo cikin ruwa. Statocyst mai haɓaka sosai, gaɓar da ke da alhakin daidaitawa, shima yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfinsu. An kiyasta cewa wutar jahannama ta kai saurin tsayin jiki biyu a kowane dakika, kuma tana sauri zuwa waɗancan saurin cikin dakika biyar.
Hellan wuta mai zafin nama na iya haske na tsawon minti biyu, saboda hotunan hoto, wanda ko dai ya yi haske a lokaci guda, ko walƙiya daga ɗaya zuwa sau uku a kowane dakika, wani lokacin yana bugawa. Gabobin da ke saman jijiyoyin na iya yin haske ko ƙyalli, wanda galibi galibi tare da martani. Na uku kuma na ƙarshe na haske shine gizagizai masu haske, waɗanda suke kama da mataccen siririya tare da ƙananan abubuwa a ciki. An yi amannar cewa sassan jikin ana sakin jikinsu ne ko kuma basa bude gabobi na visceral kuma suna iya haske har zuwa mintuna 9.5.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Vampires na infernal galibi suna rauni yayin kamawa kuma suna rayuwa a cikin akwatinan ruwa har zuwa watanni biyu. A watan Mayu 2014, Monterey Bay Oceanarium (Amurka) ya zama farkon wanda ya nuna wannan ra'ayi.
Babban martanin ceto na dusar kankara ta shafar haske na gabobin huhu a saman hannayen da kuma gindin ƙafafun. Wannan haske yana tare da raƙuman hannu, yana mai da wuya a iya gano ainihin inda squid ɗin yake a cikin ruwa. Bugu da ari, squid yana fitar da gajimare mai haske. Da zarar an nuna nunin haske, to kusan ba zai yuwu a faɗi idan squid ya yi sama ko ya haɗu da gajimare a cikin ruwa mara ƙasan ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Vernire Vampire
Tun da wutar jahannama ta mamaye manyan ruwaye fiye da manyan masarufi, sun fantsama cikin ruwa mai zurfin gaske. Wataƙila maza suna ɗauke da kwayar halittar spermatophores zuwa ga mace daga mazurarin su. Vwarorin mata sun fi na maza girma. Suna jefa ƙwai ƙwai a cikin ruwa. Qwai cikakke suna da girma kuma ana samun su suna yawo a cikin ruwa mai zurfi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba a san komai game da yanayin rayuwar gidan wuta ba. Ci gaban su ya ratsa ta siffofin halittar III: dabbobi dabbobi suna da fika guda biyu, matsakaiciyar siffar tana da nau'i biyu, babba kuma. A farkon matakansu da matsakaiciyar ci gaban su, an sami firam a kusa da idanu; yayin da dabba ke bunkasa, wannan biyun a hankali ya ɓace.
A yayin girma, yanayin fili zuwa girman fincin yana raguwa, suna canzawa a girma kuma ana sake juya su don kara ingancin motsin dabba. Ppingattar da ƙafafun manyan mutane yafi tasiri. Wannan yanayin na musamman ya haifar da rudani a da, tare da fasali daban-daban da aka bayyana a matsayin jinsuna da yawa a cikin iyalai daban-daban.
Vampire na ciki yana haifuwa a hankali tare da taimakon ƙananan ƙwai. Sannu a hankali yana faruwa ne saboda cewa ba a rarraba abubuwan gina jiki a zurfin. Girman mazauninsu da yawan mutanen da ke warwatse ya sa dangantakar magabata ta zama ba ta dace ba. Mace na iya adana jakar jakar kwanon kwankwasiyya tare da maniyyin namiji na dogon lokaci kafin takin kwan. Bayan haka, tana iya jira har zuwa kwanaki 400 kafin su kyankyashe.
Kubiyoni suna da kusan 8 mm tsayi kuma sunada ci gaba ƙaramin kwafi na manya, tare da wasu bambance-bambance. Hannayensu ba su da madauran kafaɗa, idanunsu karami ne, kuma zaren ba shi da cikakken tsari. Cubs suna da wayewa kuma suna rayuwa a cikin gwaiduwa na ciki na karimci ga wani lokaci wanda ba a sani ba kafin su fara ciyarwa a raye. Kananan dabbobi galibi galibi ana samun su a cikin ruwa mai zurfi suna ciyar da detritus.
Abokan gaba na ɓarna
Hoto: Menene irin azabar wuta?
Vampire na infernal yana motsawa da sauri akan gajeren nesa, amma baya iya yin dogon ƙaura ko jirgin sama. Lokacin da aka tsoratar da shi, squid vampire yana yin rikicewar rikicewa, da sauri yana motsa fikafikan sa zuwa mazurari, bayan haka jirgi ya tashi daga alkyabbar, wanda ke zigzagging ta cikin ruwa. Matsakaicin squid yana faruwa lokacin da hannaye da sakar yanar gizo ke miƙe a kan kai da riguna a wani wuri da aka sani da abarba.
Wannan matsayi na hannaye da yanar gizo yana da wahalar lalata squid saboda kariyar kai da alkyabba, haka nan kuma kasancewar wannan matsayi yana fallasa manyan launuka masu launin launin baki da ke wahalar ganowa a cikin zurfin zurfin teku. Hanyoyin haske masu haske suna haɗuwa nesa da kan dabba, suna kawar da harin daga wurare masu mahimmanci. Idan mai farauta ya ciji ƙwanƙwasa hannun hannun wuta, zai iya sabunta shi.
An samo vampires na ciki a cikin kayan ciki na kifin mai zurfin ciki, gami da:
- karamin ido grenadier (A. pectoralis);
- Whales (Cetacea);
- zakunan teku (Otariinae).
Ba kamar 'yan uwansu da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai karimci ba, cephalopods masu zurfin teku ba za su iya ɓatar da makamashi a kan dogon jirage ba. Idan aka ba da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙarancin abinci a irin wannan zurfin, squid squid dole ne ya yi amfani da sabbin dabarun guje wa ɓarnataccen dabarun don adana makamashi. Abubuwan da aka ambata a baya na "wasan wuta" sun haɗu tare da makamai masu guba, motsawa da kuma hanyoyin tserewa, yana mai da wahala ga mai farauta ya gano manufa ɗaya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Squid gidan wuta vampire
Infwararren mahaifa shine babban mashahurin teku, zurfin, inda shi da mazaunin sa ba sa fuskantar haɗari. Yana da lafiya a faɗi cewa yawan dabbobin sun bazu sosai kuma basu da yawa. Wannan saboda karancin albarkatu ne na rayuwa. Binciken Gowing ya nuna cewa wannan nau'in yana yin kama da kifi a cikin halayen jima'i, yana canza lokutan kiwo tare da kwanciyar hankali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wannan tunanin yana da goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa a cikin matan da aka ajiye su a gidajen kayan tarihi akwai ƙwayoyin ƙwayai masu zuwa nan gaba. Ofaya daga cikin tsofaffin vampires, wanda ke cikin kayan tarihin, yana da ƙwai kusan dubu 6.5, kuma an yi amfani da kusan dubu 3.8 a ƙoƙarin kiwo na baya. Dangane da lissafin masana kimiyyar, an samu matsala sau 38, sannan kuma an yi watsi da amfrayo 100.
Daga wannan zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa yawan barazanar wutar jahannama bata razana, amma ana tsara lambobin su yayin haifuwa da nau'in.
Masu binciken sunyi imanin cewa iyakokin sun kasance ne saboda dalilai da yawa.:
- rashin abinci ga iyaye da zuriya;
- da yiwuwar mutuwar dukkan zuriya an rage girmanta;
- rage kuzari don samuwar ƙwai da shiri don haifuwa.
Vampire na cikiKamar yawancin kwayoyin halittu masu zurfin teku, yana da matukar wahala ayi karatu a cikin mahalli, don haka ba a san komai game da halayyar wadannan dabbobi. Da fatan, yayin da muke ci gaba da bincika zurfin teku, masana kimiyya za su sami ƙarin koyo game da wannan nau'in na musamman mai ban sha'awa na fauna.
Ranar bugawa: 08/09/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/29/2019 a 12:28
