Toad aha - ɗayan wakilan baƙon dangi. Da farko dai, girman girman sa abin birgewa ne - yana iya nauyin fiye da kilogram, saboda haka, kusan shine mafi girman halittun amphibian a duniya. Amma wannan ba duk abin da ke sa agu toad ya zama amphibian mai wahala ba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Toad yeah
Toad aha na daga cikin amphibians marasa ƙarfi daga dangin toad. Babban iyali ne mai yawan nau'ikan halitta. Rarraba wannan dangi ya zama mai rikitarwa, tunda ba dukkan halittun da ake kira toads bane za a iya danganta su ga wannan rukunin. Misali, akwai toads ungozomomi, toads hanci, toads-like torog, wanda na dangi ne na masu yare, limnodynastis da rhinoprinis. Bayyanar nau'ikan toads ya bambanta sosai.
Hanya mafi sauki don bayanin yadda suka bambanta da kwadi shine:
- toads yana da ƙananan gaɓoɓin baya. Dangane da haka, toads yayi tsalle mafi muni kuma galibi yana motsawa tare da ƙananan ƙananan matakai, rarrafe;
- a mafi yawan lokuta, toads sun fi son danshi, kwaɗi na iya zama a cikin ƙasa kuma a wuraren bushe;
- jikin toads gajere ne kuma yana da nauyi tare da gajerun kafadu masu kauri;
- sau da yawa toads an rufe shi da tarin fuka, wanda ake kira warts, yayin da kwaɗi masu santsi;
- toads suna da ɗalibi a kwance;
- gland din kunne a bayan idanu galibi ana bayyane a bayyane.
Toads na iya zama na masu girma dabam daban: daga 20 mm (Guiana harlequin) zuwa 220 mm (Bloadg's toad). Abincinsu da salon rayuwarsu ma sun banbanta, amma galibi toads ba dare ba ne, saboda suna cin karo da masu cin nama da yawa a rana. Duk da cewa toads suna rayuwa kusa da jikkunan ruwa, ana ɗaukar su halittun ƙasa ko na rabin-ƙasa. Yawancin jinsunan toad suna buƙatar ruwa don haifuwa, inda suke kwan ƙwai.
Gabaɗaya an yi imani da cewa ɗanɗano yana ciyar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta - tsutsotsi, kwari, katantanwa, da sauransu. Amma musamman manyan wakilan dangi suna iya cin dabbobi: beraye, tsuntsaye, macizai da sauran halittu masu matsakaicin girma. A lokaci guda, cikin toads da sauri saurin daidaitawa zuwa narkewar sabon abinci.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Toad mai ƙyama ee
Aha toad wakili ne mai kyau na dangin ta. Tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan toads kuma ɗayan manyan wakilai na amphibians (ƙwanƙwasa Blomerg da kwaryar Goliyat sun fi girma). Tsawon jikin zai iya kaiwa 24 cm, kodayake kuma akwai wasu mutane da ba su cika girma ba fiye da wannan girman. Amfani na amphibian ya wuce kilogram, amma maza koyaushe sunfi mata girma.
Fatar aga toad, kamar sauran toads, an rufe shi da keɓaɓɓen ƙwayoyi da girma. Godiya ga waɗannan ci gaban, fatar ta yi ƙarfi kuma ba shi da sauƙi a ciji ta ciki don tsuntsaye kamar shamaki ko maraƙi. A saman idanun toads akwai bayyanannun ci gaban da ke aiwatar da aikin kariya - suna kiyaye idanu daga ƙura da hasken rana.
Bidiyo: Toad yeah
A matsayinka na mai mulki, launin toad daidai yake - ba ya buƙatar ɓoyayyen ɓuya. Kore ne mai duhu tare da abin haɗuwa da launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya zama da ɗan haske a ciki da bakin. Amma a wasu wuraren zama, toads suna samun tabo. Fata na iya zama fari mai ruwan madara tare da launuka masu haske masu kama da wuraren damisa. Ko kuma, akasin haka, toad ya zama mai duhu kuma yana samo raɗaɗin baki wanda ke fitowa daga idanu tare da layin layin baya.
Landsananan gland suna a gefen idanun, kusa da baya. Amma kwado baya ji da kyau, tunda gland an mayar da hankali ne ba akan ji ba, amma akan samar da wani asirin mai dafi. Yana tsoratar da maharan kuma yana iya kashe wasu matsakaitan makiya idan aka sha su. Kamar toads da yawa, aga toad yana da ɗalibin da ke kwance, amma ya fi fadi, wanda ya sa idanu su yi girma sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An yi gubar aga toad don kashe kwari-kwari.
Wsafan ƙwanƙwasa gajere ne kuma masu ƙarfi; yana motsawa a hankali. Babu yatsan yanar gizo a yatsun kafa na gaba, amma akan bayan har yanzu ana kiyaye su kuma basu ragu ba. Hakanan, wannan toad an banbanta shi da wasu ta babban kai da jiki mai fadi da ciki.
Yanzu kun san idan toad yana da guba, ee, ko a'a. Bari muga inda take zaune.
A ina dantse ya zauna?
Photo: Toad aha a cikin yanayi
Mahalli na aga toad shine yankin kusa da kogunan Rio Grande (Texas), tsakiyar Amazon, arewa maso gabashin Peru.
Amma don kashe kwarin kwari, an gabatar da aga toad zuwa ga yankuna masu zuwa:
- gabar gabashin Australia;
- gabashin Queenslead;
- bakin tekun New South Wales;
- kudu da Florida;
- Papua New Guinea;
- Tsibirin Philippines;
- tsibirin Ogasawara a Japan;
- Tsibirin Ryukyu;
- Tsibirin Caribbean;
- Tsibiran Pacific, gami da Hawaii da Fiji.
Aha a sauƙaƙe ya sami tushe a cikin sabbin ƙasashe, tunda yana iya daidaita yanayin da yake daga 5 zuwa 40 a ma'aunin Celsius. Ana iya samun sa a tsakanin yashi nesa da jikin ruwa, da kuma a wurare masu zafi, a bakin tekun da kuma kusa da filayen marshlands. Hakanan, toad aha daidai yana da tushe a cikin ruwan gishiri kaɗan, wanda baƙon abu bane ga toads gaba ɗaya. A Hawaii, ana yi mata lakabi da "toad teku" (Bufo marinus).
Fa'idar aga ita ce fatarta ta zama mai keratin kuma ta taurare har ta fara musayar iskar gas da kyau. Saboda haka, huhun agi ya fi na sauran dangi ci gaba kuma, saboda haka, toad na iya ɗaukar kashi 50 na asarar ruwa daga jiki. Agi togi ba ya gina wa kansu matsuguni, amma a duk lokacin da suka sami sabon abu - a cikin ramuka, ramuka na bishiyoyi, ƙarƙashin duwatsu, a cikin ramuka na ɓoyayyiyar haƙora, da dai sauransu. Da rana suna kwana a cikin masauki, kuma da dare sukan tafi farauta.
Me cin naman ya ci?
Photo: Mai hadari toad yeah
Agi togi baƙon abu bane a cikin cewa suna da iko. Abincin da aka saba amfani da shi ya hada da gizo-gizo, cristaceans, kowane irin kwari da kwari na ƙasa, gami da ƙudan zuma da ƙwaro, masu ba da shawara, kyankyasai, fara, katantanwa da tururuwa.
Amma zai iya ciyarwa akan kashin baya har ma da dabbobi masu shayarwa:
- kananan kwadi da toads;
- beraye da sauran beraye;
- macizai, gami da masu dafi;
- kadangaru;
- tsuntsaye da ƙwai na tsuntsaye, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe;
- kara da ƙi;
- kadoji, jellyfish, cephalopods;
- wani lokacin agi toads na iya cin sauran membobinsu. Cin naman mutane ba sabon abu bane a tsakanin toads.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Toads ba zai iya sarrafa yawan abincin da ake ci ba kuma ba sa iya cinye abinci gunduwa gunduwa - koyaushe suna haɗiye duka. Saboda haka, wasu lokuta ana samun matattun toads da rabin macijin a ciki sauran kuma rabin a waje; toads kawai ya shaƙe, ya kasa cin irin wannan babban abincin.
'Ya'yan Aga toad suna cin kananan tsutsotsi da crustaceans, daphnia, cyclops da tsire-tsire. Hakanan zasu iya cin wasu ƙananan, ƙanana. A wasu lokutan akan ajiye toda a matsayin gidan dabbobi. A wannan yanayin, ana ciyar da shi ta daidaitaccen yanayi don ɗanɗano ya yi tsawon rai da lafiya.
Abincin ya hada da:
- furotin na kwari - crickets, fara, larvae;
- matattun beraye, hamsters. Suna ma iya zama balaga;
- karin abinci tare da bitamin, musamman alli;
- a fruitan itace anda andan andananan msananan kwari don foranƙara.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Babban toa yeah
Toad yeah, kamar sauran toads - amphibian ba dare ba rana. Da rana tana neman ganima, kuma tunda tana cin kusan duk abin da ya dace da bakinta, ba ta taɓa samun matsala da abinci mai gina jiki ba. Gidan mafaka na to to shine burrow, rami, rami ko ɓacin rai wanda yake ɓoyewa cikin yini.
Ee farauta tare da sutura. Yana ɓoye a cikin ciyawa ko haɗuwa da yashi ko tsakuwa, yana daskarewa kuma yana jiran wani abu mai ɗan abinci da zai bayyana a radius mafi kusa. Tana kame ganima kamar yadda sauran 'yan kwalliya suke yi - tana watsar da dogon harshe. Wani kwari ko karamar dabba na makalewa a cikin harshen kuma da sauri ta tsinci kanta a cikin bakin tova na komai.
Idan toad ya haɗu da babban mai farauta, yana ɗaukar matsayi na kariya. Don kariya, tana neman kumbura gwargwadon iko, ta cika jakunkunan nononta da iska, sannan kuma ta tashi a kan miqaqqun qafafu. Idan mai farauta, ganin irin wannan ƙaton toda, baya tsoro kuma baya guduwa, to a shirye yake yayi amfani da gubarsa.
Ta hanyar fallasa gubar dafin ga abokan gaba, da sauri ta rage su, tana harba guba a wani dan nesa. Irin wannan harbi wani lokacin yakan kai mita daya - wannan ya isa ya buge mai farauta. Idan ya hau kan murfin mucous na ido, dafin zai iya makantar da babbar dabba na dan lokaci, har ma ya kashe karami. Lokacin da aga ya ɓoye guba, bayansa ya zama mai rufe da farin ruwa mai kauri, wanda shima yana da ƙaramar ƙwayar guba.
Aga bai san yadda ake farautar ganima ba kuma yana motsawa a kananan tsalle, kuma a 'yar karancin yanayin zafi ya zama mai rauni kuma yana motsawa idan ya zama dole. A lokacin busassun yanayi, togwannin agi sun fi son zama a cikin matsugunai - a wannan lokacin suna fama da yunwa kuma suna da saurin cin naman mutane. Wani lokaci aha to aha na iya binne kansa a cikin ƙasa mai danshi don sha danshi - don haka kawai kan kai ya fita waje.
Gaskiyar wasa: Toads ya narke, kuma ba haka bane. Tana hawa cikin maboyata, tana kumbura tana jiran fatar da ke bayanta ta fashe. Sannan fatar ita kanta tana fara motsawa daga jiki zuwa kai, sannan kuma aha toad ya ci kansa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Toad yeah
Agi togi yawanci shi kadai ne, amma yana iya ci gaba da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi; Mutane 3-4 na kowane jinsi wani lokacin sukan zauna a rami ɗaya - wannan shine yadda toads ke riƙe danshi. Amma in babu fari, sun gwammace a raba yankin. Gabaɗaya, yankin yanki ɗaya na toad yana da kusan muraba'in mita 32, kodayake yana iya kaiwa mita dubu 2-3. Ba sa kare iyakokinsu kuma suna ƙetare baƙi kyauta.
Lokacin saduwa ba shi da tsayayyen lokaci: babban abin shine zafin ruwan yana sama da digiri 25 a ma'aunin Celsius. Maza za su fara kuka da babbar murya, kuma wannan kukan na iya ci gaba har tsawon kwanaki. Wani lokacin sukan manta da abinci, wanda yake shanye su sosai.
Mace na zuwa wurin namiji da daddare. Babu wani wasan mating sai dai don raira waƙa da aka bayar don toads, saboda haka tsarin hadi yana faruwa da sauri: mace ta saki ƙwai, kuma namiji ya yi mata taki. A wannan yanayin, namiji, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta da mace, zai iya zama a kanta na tsawon kwanaki har sai ta fara fage.
A lokaci daya, baligi zai iya kwanciya daga kwai dubu 8 zuwa 35, kuma galibinsu zasu hadu. Wani lokacin mace da namiji da kansu suna cin yawancinsu. Mace daya zata iya haduwa da maza da yawa. Caviar yana huddles a cikin gungu kuma an haɗe shi zuwa tsire-tsire ko bishiyoyi kusa da ruwa, kuma bayan haka namiji da mace ba su damu da zuriyar da za su zo nan gaba ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin yankuna masu dumi, mata na iya haihuwar sau da yawa a shekara.
Qwai sun ƙyanƙyashe cikin awanni 24-72. Tadpoles sun isa balagar jima'i da shekara guda, ba a san takamaiman rayuwar toads a cikin daji ba. Karkashin kulawar gida, zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10-13.
Abokan gaba na aga toad
Hotuna: Toad mai ƙyama ee
Aga toad yana da makiya da yawa, kodayake yana da kariya sosai.
Babban mafarautan da ke farautar toads sune:
- matsakaita-kadoji - suna da babban girman toa na jan hankalinsu, ƙari ma, suna da kariya daga dafin. Mafi yawancin lokuta, kadarorin jarirai suna cin abinci a kan toa;
- masu lobster;
- berayen ruwa da na kasa;
- hankaka;
- heron, storks, cranes suma suna da kariya daga dafin dafi;
- nymphs na mazari da ruwa suna cin tadadadden aga toad, tunda ba su da dafi;
- ƙwaro ruwa ma yana farautar tadabobi;
- kunkuru;
- macizai marasa dafi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba duk masu farautar abincin da suke son cin abinci a aga toad bane suke rayuwa a karo da wannan amphibian. Toad yana kare kansa tare da taimakon ƙwayoyin cuta masu guba, kuma wani lokacin maƙerin da ke kawo masa hari yakan zama wanda aka azabtar da abinci ga ɗanɗano da kansa.
Ainihi, masu farauta suna cin harsunan toad kawai saboda ƙimar sa na gina jiki, kuma mushen kanta yana tsoratar dasu da ƙanshin sa. Bugu da kari, fata mai tauri wasu mahaukata sun narkar da shi mara kyau, kuma wasu sam ba sa iya cizon ta. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce cin ciki na toad, kamar yadda yake da taushi kuma ba ya kariya daga warts da keratinized, amma gabobin ciki suna da guba, don haka ba masu cin nasara da yawa za su iya ɗaukar wannan hanyar ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Mai hadari toad yeah
Godiya ga dafinsu, girmansu da hanyoyin kariyarsu, agi toads basu taɓa gab da halaka ba. Suna kiwo kyauta kuma suna jin daɗin zama a sassa da yawa na duniya. Lokacin da jimillar haihuwar ƙwaryar ƙwarin, wanda ya ci amfanin gona, ya fara a Ostiraliya, sai aka yanke shawarar gabatar da ƙuƙumma a can.
Toad ɗin ya jimre da kyau tare da ƙwarjin ƙwarin kuma ya sami nasara cikin Australiya. Amma mahautan Ostiraliya ba su da shirin fuskantar aga, tunda ba su da hanyoyin kariya daga guba. Sabili da haka, toad aha na kiwo ya zama babban bala'i ga dabbobin Australiya: dabbobin da suke son cin abinci tare da ƙurar sun mutu saboda gubarsa. Saboda wannan, kisan gillar da toads da fitarwa na mutane daga Ostiraliya ya fara dakatar da lalata fauna na asali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don cusa juriya da guba a cikin mahautan Ostiraliya, masana kimiyya sun watsa nama tare da kananan allurai na tokar aga toad a gare su. Dabbobi suna tofa abinci mai guba ko haɓaka rigakafin guba.
Agi koyaushe yana ɗaukar mahimmancin aiki tsakanin mutane daban-daban na duniya. Misali, Indiyawa na Kudancin Amurka sun shafa man goshin kibiya da guba mai guba. Kabilar Maya sun yi amfani da dafin waɗannan yatsun a matsayin tushen ƙwayoyi. A shekara ta 2008, an gano cewa dafin na to toa yana lalata ƙwayoyin kansa. Har zuwa yanzu, ana ci gaba da nazari kan wannan batun, wanda har yanzu ba a ba da sakamako ba: gubar da gaske tana lalata ƙwayoyin kansa na ɓerayen gwajin, amma ɓerayen da kansu sun mutu tare da su.
Ganyen Aga nau'ikan jinsi ne na gama gari, don haka yawansu ba ya gab da halaka. Yawan kuma yana goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa waɗannan toads ana iya ajiye su a gida.Toad aha - amphibian ta musamman wacce ta taka rawa a rayuwar mutane. Tana nuna kyakkyawar daidaitawa ga yanayi daban-daban na rayuwa kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sha'awar yan uwanta.
Ranar bugawa: 11.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/24/2019 a 21:58
