Ide - kifin yana da girma, ƙari kuma, tare da kyawawan sikeli waɗanda suke cikin haske da ɗanɗano. Sabili da haka, sananne ne tare da masun kifi da kiwo - wani lokacin mutane kawai suna yaba shi. Ana samun su a mafi yawan kogunan Turai da Siberia, basu da daɗi kuma suna iya rayuwa a cikin gurɓatattun ruwa ko a yanayin sanyi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Ide
Mafi dadaddun kifin burbushin, picaia, ya rayu a Duniya kusan shekaru miliyan 530 BC. Tana da ƙanƙanci a cikin - 4-5 cm, kuma tana iya iyo - pikaya ta yi hakan ta lanƙwasa jikinta. Manufa mai ƙarancin haske, wanda akidar take, ta bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan ɗari bayan haka - tsoho da aka samo wakilin wannan aji shine Andreolepis hedei.
Don haka, kifin mai rai-rai shine ɗayan tsoffin ƙwayoyin halitta masu tsari waɗanda har yanzu ake kiyaye su a doron ƙasa. Tabbas, a duk shekarun da suka gabata, sun canza sosai, kuma nau'ikan zamani sun faru sosai daga baya - kashi na farko ya bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Ide
Da farko sun kasance karami a cikin su, juyin halittarsu ta ci gaba a hankali har zuwa lokacin da aka gama halaka su a zamanin Cretaceous, lokacin da mafi yawan jinsunan manyan kwayoyin halitta suka bace daga fuskar Duniya. Saboda wannan, an bar wuraren nishaɗi da yawa, waɗanda rayayyun rayukansu suka fara mamayewa: kamar yadda dabbobi masu shayarwa suka fara mamaye ƙasar, haka suke a cikin ruwa. Inaramar ruwa ta same su suma, wani ɓangare mai yawa daga cikin jinsunan ya ɓace - misali, kusan dukkanin kifayen ruwa sun ɓace.
Koyaya, bisa ga nazarin ichthyolites - ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na haƙori da sikeli na kifi, idan a ƙarshen zamanin Cretaceous sharks sun mamaye tekuna, bayan masifar da ke faruwa yayin mamayewar a hankali ya fara juyewa zuwa kashi, yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan da girman waɗannan kifin sun fara ƙaruwa.
A lokaci guda, carps sun tashi kuma a hankali sun fara yaduwa zuwa nahiyoyi daban-daban. Misali, sun isa Afirka kimanin shekaru miliyan 20-23 da suka gabata. Ba a kafa shi daidai lokacin da akidar ta bayyana, wataƙila ta faru ne kawai fewan shekarun da suka gabata. Bayanin kimiyya game da jinsin an kirkireshi ne Karl Linnaeus a cikin 1758, da farko an danganta shi kai tsaye ga irin kifi kuma aka sanya masa suna Cyprinus idbarus. Amma sai aka gano cewa akidar ta kasance ta jinsin Dace ko, a Latin, Leuciscus. A sakamakon haka, sunan kimiyyar zamani na jinsin ya bayyana - Leuciscus idus.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kifi mai kyau
Yana girma zuwa 40-50 cm kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 2-2.5. Yawancin mutane da yawa sun haɗu - wasu lokuta masunta kan haɗu da rashi kusan mita ɗaya kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 7-8, amma har yanzu wannan yana da wuya. Kifi mai tsawon rai na iya yin girma zuwa wannan girman a yanayin wadataccen abinci - kuma gaba ɗaya, ides na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
Maza sun fi mata ƙanƙan kaɗan, amma sun fi yawa. Ma'aunin akida ya haskaka sosai tare da hasken azurfa, kuma idan hasken rana kai tsaye ya sauka akansa, zai fara wasa a cikin tabarau daban-daban daga mafi sauki zuwa mafi duhu. Fikafikan suna ja a ƙasa, akwai ides, waɗanda suke da launi iri ɗaya da na sama.
Amma galibi suna daga launin shuɗi mai duhu, da kuma bayan wannan kifin. Idarancin saurayi sun fi launi launi, musamman fincinsu. Gabaɗaya, ides na iya bambanta da juna - ya dogara da shekarunsu, wuri har ma da lokacin shekarar da ake aiwatar da abubuwan lura.
Manufar tana kama da chub, amma akwai alamun da yawa waɗanda za'a iya rarrabe waɗannan kifaye da su:
- siffar kai ta fi kaifi, yayin da a cikin kwayar cutar ta zama mai laushi;
- fada tuni;
- baya ya fi sauki;
- karami sikeli;
- jiki ya dan daidaita a gefunan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yazis suna da hankali sosai, sabili da haka, lokacin kamun kifi, kada kuyi hayaniya akansu, balle su fantsama: suna da ji mai kyau kuma, da wuya suna tsammanin wani abu ba daidai bane, suna zuwa zurfin kuma basu mai da martani ba ga koto.
Yanzu kun san yadda kifin kirki yake kama. Bari muga inda take zaune.
A ina ne akidar ke rayuwa?
Photo: Ide a Rasha
Ya yadu sosai - kusan a duk Turai, ban da yankin kudu (ƙasashen gabar Bahar Rum), haka kuma a Siberia har zuwa Yakutia. Bugu da kari, an gabatar da shi a Amurka, a cikin jihar Connecticut. Ideididdigar idea'idodin Amurkawa na ƙaruwa sosai cikin sauri, don haka da alama za su ƙara zama cikin kogunan nahiyar.
Don haka, akida tana zaune cikin kogunan ruwa kamar:
- Hay;
- Ireauna;
- Rhine;
- Danube;
- Dnieper;
- Kuban;
- Volga;
- Ural;
- Ob;
- Yenisei;
- Irtysh;
- Lena
Akwai su da yawa musamman a cikin Volga da raƙumanta, kuma sauran kogunan Rasha suna da wadatar wannan kifin. Har ila yau, yana zaune a cikin tafkuna da tafkuna masu gudana. Ba ya son rafuka masu sanyi, haka nan ma masu saurin gudu, amma galibi ana samun lalatattun lebe marasa saurin gaggawa, musamman idan suna da ƙwanya, ƙasan silty.
Baya ga ruwa mai dadi, suna kuma iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai ƙyalli, sabili da haka ana samun su a cikin raƙuman ruwa kusa da ramin kogin. Yazis suna son zama kusa da guguwa, kusa da gadoji, bakin teku tare da daji rataye a kan ruwa kuma alama ce tabbatacciya cewa za a iya kama ides a nan. Wannan kifin yana son yin iyo a daidai karkashin daji, saboda kwari na iya fadowa daga garesu, wanda suke ci.
Backwaters, tabkuna masu gudana da sauran wurare tare da ruwa mai nutsuwa kamar yadda ya yiwu, zai fi dacewa mai zurfi - wannan shine wurin da akasari ake samun samari. Suna iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai sanyi mai sauƙin yanayi kuma cikin sauƙin haƙuri da canje-canje masu ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kada kuyi bacci a lokacin sanyi, kodayake basu da ƙarfi sosai.
Menene akidar ke ci?
Photo: Kifi mai kyau a cikin kogin
Abincin kirki shine mai yawa, ya hada da:
- tsutsotsi;
- kwari da tsutsarsu;
- kayan kwalliya;
- caviar;
- tadpoles da kwadi;
- kifin kifi;
- kifi;
- tsiren ruwan teku.
Zamu iya cewa akidar tana cinye kusan dukkanin kananan dabbobi, daga tsutsotsi zuwa caviar da soyayyen sauran kifin. Yazis masu yawan annushuwa ne, musamman a lokacin bazara bayan da suka fara haihuwa: a wannan lokacin suna yin wani muhimmin ɓangare na yini don neman abinci, wanda galibi suna iyo a bakin ruwa, inda yake da yawan gaske.
Kodayake rayayyun halittu sun fi yawa a tsarin abincin, amma kuma yana ciyar da algae mai filamentous - galibi yakan yi hakan ne lokacin da yake adana kafin lokacin sanyi, yana ciyar da kayan mai. A lokacin bazara, abinci yana da yawa musamman; ides da ke kusa da bakin teku suna cin tsutsa na dabbobi daban-daban, suna taimakawa wajen rage yawan sauro da sauran kwari masu cutarwa.
Idan mushe ya juyo, suma suna cin shi; fishananan kifi, ƙuruciya matasa da kwalliya suma ya kamata a kula dasu yayin zafin nama. Ana cinye ra'ayoyi sosai a lokacin furannin viburnum, sa'annan ƙolin lokacin kamun kifi ya zo musu - suna yin kwazo da yardar rai kuma, bayan sun sami wuri mai kyau, zaku iya kama yawancin ides.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ide na iya tsallake kan ƙananan matsaloli, kuma manyan mutane ma suna iya tsalle daga ruwa zuwa tsayin mita ɗaya da rabi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Yazi
Ide shi ne kifin basira, ya san yadda ake amfani da yanayi mara kyau da ayyukan mutane: yayin ruwan sama da iska, har ma daga kwale-kwale masu wucewa, raƙuman ruwa suna tashi, suna wanke tsutsotsi da sauran rayayyun halittu daga ƙasa kusa da gabar teku, da ɗaukar su cikin ruwa tare da su. Kuma yazi yana nan!
Suna rugawa zuwa gaɓar tekun tare da kalaman, kuma idan ta juye baya, sai su kama ganima. Manyan ides sun fi son ciyarwa da daddare, musamman idan magariba ta ƙare ko, akasin haka, gari ya kusa zuwa - wannan shine agogon da suka fi so. Matasa suna neman abinci mafi yawancin rana - gabaɗaya sun fi ƙarfin aiki fiye da manya.
Yazis suna da hankali kuma suna ƙoƙari su zauna a wuraren da tarun ba sa isa gare su - alal misali, a cikin ramuka tare da gindin da ba daidai ba, a tsakanin tsummoki. Mafi girman manufa, mafi ƙarancin sau da yawa yakan bar raminsa - galibi bayan ruwan sama ne kawai. Amma karamin kifi, karami, yana iyo kusa da farfajiya, sau da yawa ana iya ganin sa a cikin ciyawa tare da roach, kuma yanayin ba shi da tasiri kadan a kansa.
Yazis na iya yin tsalle daga cikin ruwa su kama kwari. Amma idan ya riga ya fada cikin ruwan kansa, sai su kwashe ganimar sosai, ta yadda da'irar za ta bambanta kaɗan, kamar dai ƙaramar kifi ce. Lokacin da akidar ta farauta a cikin zurfin, ana ci amanar ta ta hanyar kumfa.
Ba sa son rana lokacin da ta fara dumu dumu, suna zurfafawa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kodayake lokaci zuwa lokaci matasa kifayen suna fitowa suna cin duri, amma duk da haka sun fi so su yi ta a kusa da bakin teku, a ƙarƙashin inuwar bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi - musamman tunda akwai farauta a ƙarƙashinsu. ...
Irin wannan tsarin mulkin na yau an kafa su a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi, kuma suna ɓatar da watanni masu sanyi a cikin rami a ƙasan tafki. Amma ana iya kama ides ko da akwai kankara a kogin, ban da 'yan watanni - a cikin Janairu da Fabrairu kusan ba sa cin komai, suna kashe kayayyaki, don haka ba zai yi aiki ba don kama su.
A lokacin hunturu, da farko, kifayen suna da isasshen iska wanda ya taru a kumfa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, amma zuwa ƙarshen sai ya fara jin ƙarancinsa, saboda waɗancan wauta, kamar sauran kifaye, suna iyo zuwa wuraren buɗe ido. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a neme su wurin haɗuwa da ƙananan rivulets da rafuka.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: idearamar manufa
Ainihin, ides suna zaune a cikin garken tumaki, suna mamaye wani yanki na tafki - ƙarami kaɗan, kuma suna motsi ne kawai a ciki. Maganganun manya sun daina ɓacewa cikin manyan garken, kuma galibi ƙalilan ne ke zaune a kusa. Tsohon kifi sau da yawa ya fi so ya zauna shi kadai. Sun fara haifuwa daga shekara 3-5 - mafi kyau kifin ya ci, da sauri zai girma. Wannan ya dogara ne da inda yake zaune: a cikin ruwan kudu, haɓaka yana da sauri.
Ana yin ɓatancin ruwa a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙanci - ƙananan rafuka ko kan mara zurfin ruwa. Don haɓakawa, kifi ya taru a cikin manyan makarantu, ya ƙunshi da yawa, wani lokacin kuma dozin talakawa goma. Yana farawa daga Maris zuwa Mayu, gwargwadon mazaunin - ya zama dole don kankara ta narke sannan a saita zafin ruwan a maki 8 zuwa sama.
Ana aika da ra'ayoyi zuwa gaba don haɓaka, yawanci tsakanin kifaye na farko. Garken garkensu na iya yin iyo mai nisa kafin su sami wuri mai kyau na haihuwa - wani lokacin ma kilomita goma. A cikin irin wannan garken akwai matsayi: manya da manya sun fara haihuwa a farko, karami sun bi su, kuma ƙaramar kyankyami na ƙarshe.
Suna iyo a hankali, suna shawo kan kimanin kilomita 10 a rana, suna tsayawa hutu da abinci. Suna haihuwar kusa da ɓarna na ƙasan da gangara mai zurfi, kuma a cikin tabkuna galibi suna iyo a cikin ciyayi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa zurfin ruwa ba shi da zurfi, amma ya isa - rabin mita ko kaɗan.
A karkashin kyakkyawan yanayi, ana iya kammala yaduwar cikin 'yan kwanaki, amma idan mummunan yanayi ya tsoma baki, zai iya zama mai tsayi - har zuwa makonni 2-3. Yazi ya ba da ƙwai da safe da maraice, don wannan suna iyo zuwa na yanzu, don haka ya ɗauke shi. Babbar mace tana yin ƙwai kimanin dubu 70-120, kuma ƙaramin ɓangare ne kaɗai ke iya zama aƙalla soya.
Eggswai ya ɗan bambanta da na sauran kifin kifi, faɗinsu ya kai 1-1.5 mm. Suna mannewa da duwatsu, snag da sauran matsaloli, amma galibi yawancin lokaci suna kama su kuma wasu kifaye suna cin su. Idan kwan ya yi sa'a ba za a ci ba, bayan mako guda da rabi soya ya bayyana daga gare ta.
A lokacin haɓakawa, ides sun zama marasa kulawa kuma suna da sauƙin kamawa. Nan da nan bayan an kammala ta, suna ninkaya zuwa inda suke a da - ba sa yin haka a cikin garken tumaki, amma ɗaya bayan ɗaya, don haka a hankali yawan su a cikin wuraren da aka haifa ya ragu. Bayan sun dawo, nan da nan suka fita zuwa kiba.
A hankali garken suna sake taruwa. Fisharamin kifi, wanda bai riga ya kai ga balagar jima'i ba, ba ya zuwa fage, amma ya kasance a mazaunin da ya saba. Bayan sake haɗuwa da garken, idan ruwan da ke cikin kogin ya kasance a ƙananan matakin, yana iya zuwa sabon wuri, yanzu ya fi dacewa, ya kasance a matakin da ya dace.
Abokan gaba na ides
Hoto: ide ide
Manufar ba ta cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cin karenta ba babbaka, ma'ana, ba wanda yake farauta da niyya - bayan kuma, babban kifin ya yi girma. Amma hatta ides ɗin da suka girma zuwa girma na al'ada suna da wanda za su ji tsoro - da farko, pikes da taimen, waɗannan kifin na iya ƙoƙarin cin su.
Mafi tsufa da girma mutane ba su da abokan gaba na asali, kuma masunta ne kawai ke yi musu barazana. Baya ga manyan kifaye masu kamun kifi da masunta, ƙarancin balagaggen wauta kuma ana iya yin barazanar ta beavers, minks da sauran manyan beraye. Yazis galibi suna iyo a kusa da gabar teku, kuma a can waɗannan dabbobin masu lalata suna jiran su, wanda irin wannan kifin yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan marmari mafi daɗi.
Thearamar manufa, mafi barazanar ta - matasa, masu girma har yanzu masu nauyin kilogram ɗaya da rabi suna fuskantar barazanar duk abubuwan da ke sama, kuma banda su, ƙananan ƙananan kifi, ba sa iya jimre wa manyan maganganu, da tsuntsayen dabbobi masu cin nama kamar tern da kifaye - suna cin abinci a kan kifi soyayya ma.
Mafi yawan barazanar sune don soya da ƙwai - kusan duk wani mai farauta da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa ko kusa da shi yana farautar su. Yawancin caviar ba sa juyawa daidai saboda akwai mafarauta da yawa da za su ci abinci a kai. Daga cikin soya da kansu, ƙimar rayuwa ta ragu sosai.
Amma idan cutar ta ci gaba da rayuwa a shekarar farko, to rayuwarsa ta tsufa za ta karu sosai, duk da cewa har yanzu ba za a iya kiransu da girma ba - akwai barazanar da yawa. Kuma kawai bayan da akidar ta kai nauyin kilogram 2-3, ana iya jin ƙarin tabbaci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Kifi mai kyau
Ide shine kifi mai tauri, bai damu da sanyi ba, yana son ƙarancin zafi, amma kuma yana jurewa, sabili da haka yana rayuwa a cikin irin waɗancan sarari masu yanayi daban-daban. Koda gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa ba abin tsoro bane - ides na iya rayuwa cikin mahalli ba mafi kyawun yanayi ba.
Saboda haka, duk da aikin kamun kifi, yawan su a cikin kogunan Turai da Siberia suna da yawa, kuma babu abin da ke barazana ga jinsunan baki ɗaya. Amma ba a ba da izinin kamun kifi a ko'ina ba: misali, a wasu yankuna na Rasha ra'ayin ba safai ba ne kuma ƙasa ke kiyaye shi, kuma ana ɗaukar wasu matakai don kiyayewa da dawo da yawanta.
Don haka, a cikin kogin Moscow, ƙididdigar yawan mutane ya ragu ƙwarai. A sakamakon haka, an fara daukar matakan kariya: a cikin wuraren ides akwai yankuna masu kariya na bakin teku - an hana su matakai, ban da maido da yanayi; An haramta kamun kifi a wasu, yayin da a wasu kuma ba zai yuwu ba sai da lasisi.
An rufe mafi kyawun wurare don haɓaka tare da shinge, kuma an hana yin iyo a cikin mota. Ana ragargaza ramuka da rayayyun halittu a yanayin da ya dace da ides; idan ya cancanta, ana kan aikin dawo da su. Ana daukar irin wadannan matakan a wasu kasashen Turai. Amma gabaɗaya, nau'ikan na waɗanda ba shi da wata barazana saboda su, sabili da haka, an ba da izinin kamun kifi kyauta a mafi yawan wuraren zama.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi yawan lokuta ana keɓe ides a cikin tafkuna, wannan yana da sauƙin sauƙin kyawawan su da ayyukansu - yana da ban sha'awa don kallon farautar kwari da suke yi, musamman tunda basu da ma'ana - kawai kuna buƙatar samun ƙarin ciyayi a cikin tafkin, kuma ides zai zama mai kyau. ji.
Ide - kifin ba wai kawai kyakkyawa ba ne, har ma yana da daɗi: soyayyen, stewed ko dafa shi, sun shahara sosai. Saboda haka, galibi suna kamun kifi akansu, kuma kamun babban manufa lada ce ga kowane masunci. Abin farin ciki, suna hayayyafa da kyau kuma basu cikin haɗari, suna da ƙarfi don kishin wasu kuma suna faɗaɗa kewayon su ne kawai.
Ranar bugawa: 05.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/24/2019 a 18:13
